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UM - Neuro 1 > Cognition, Arousal, Attention > Flashcards

Cognition, Arousal, Attention Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

Define cognition

A

Act or process of knowing, including awareness, reasoning, judgement, intuition and memory

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2
Q

Define arousal

A

Phsyiological readiness of the body for activity

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3
Q

Define alert

A

awake and attentive to stimuli

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4
Q

Define lethargic

A

Drowsy; may fall asleep if not stimulated

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5
Q

Define obtunded

A

Difficult to arouse; frequently confused when awake

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6
Q

Define Stupor

A

Responds to strong, noxious stimuli only; once stimulus stops pt returns to stupor

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7
Q

Define coma

A

State of arousal where pt is unable to be aroused

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8
Q

What are some ways you can try to wake a lethargic patient?

A
  • sternal rub
  • temperature difference
  • raise head of bed
  • auditory
  • touch
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9
Q

Define attention

A

Ability to select and attend to a specific stimulus while AT THE SAME TIME ignoring extraneous stimuli

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10
Q

What are the brain areas respoinsible for attention?

A
  • Reticular formation
  • Various sensory systems
  • Limbic system and frontal lobe
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11
Q

Define alternating attention

A

AKA Cognitive flexibility, the ability to move flexibly b/t tasks and respond appropriately to the demands of each

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12
Q

What are formal tests for cognition?

A
  • Mini-Cog
  • Mini-mental state exam (MMSE)
  • Montreal Cognitive Assessment
  • Trail Making Test A & B
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13
Q

What is a cognitive screen?

A

Asking orientation questions: name, date, where you are, situation

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14
Q

What is the Mini-Cog?

A

A screening tool for cognition that includes 3 word registration, clock drawing, and word recall w/score of 5 with <3 = dementia and <4 indicative of need for further testing

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15
Q

MMSE Scoring

A

Normal: 24-30
Mild impairment: 18-24
Severe impairment: 0-17

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16
Q

What are MMSE Correlated with? Why is this important?

A

Highly correlated w/baseline education scores and less correlated to actual mental capacities

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17
Q

Which cognitive test is better to use: MMSE or MoCA and why?

A

Montreal Cognitive Assessment because it is not based on prior level of education and has more emphasis on attention and executive function

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18
Q

Trail Making Test A & B

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A

Test for cognition that tests visual attention and task switching

19
Q

Define dysarthria

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A

disorder of speech production

20
Q

What are some ways to analyze communication

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A

Dysarthria, aphasia, speech intelligibility, articulation

21
Q

What muscles are responsible for speech production?

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A

Lungs
Trachea
Larynx
Pharynx
Nose
Mouth

22
Q

What do they mm of speech production also play a role in?

23
Q

Difference b/t mild and severe dysarthria?

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A

Mild: imprecise
Severe: totally unintelligible

24
Q

What is the goal of treatment of dysarthria?

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A

Improve communication and intelligibility

25
What is fluent aphasia
Speech produced at normal rate and flow (receptive aphasia: can not understand language, but language expression is "intact")
26
What is on-fluent aphasia
Increased effort to produce speech; hesitant or awkward (Expressive: Can understand language but cannot express language)
27
What is global aphasia
features of both receptive and expressive aphasia
28
Would Broca's aphasia be classified as nonfluent or fluent aphasia?
Nonfluent aphasia where language comprehension is still intact
29
Which type of aphasia is global aphasia?
A nonfluent aphasia where language comprehension is also impaired
30
Which type of aphasia is conduction aphasia?
Fluent aphasia where language comprehension is relatively intact
31
Which type of aphasia is wernicke's aphasia?
Fluent aphasia where language comprehension is impaired
32
What is transcortical motor aphasia?
Nonfluent aphasia where language comprehension is relatively intact characterized by: Strong repetition skills; may have difficulty spontaneously answering questions
33
What is anomic aphasia?
Fluent aphasia where language comprehension is relatively intact characterized by: repetition of words/phrases good, but word finding is hard and uses generic titles or circumlocution
34
What is transcortical sensory aphasia?
A fluent aphasia where language comprehension is impaired characterized by repetition of words/phrases good, but may just repeat questions rather than answering them
35
List the components of an aphasia assessment
Auditory comprehension Verbal expression Social communication Reading comprehension Written expression Multimodal communication
36
What is the impact of mild aphasia?
- trouble understanding long messages - need extra time to understand and respond to spoken messages - difficulty finding words - putting words in wrong order/use wrong word - difficulty responding to questions on the spot
37
What is the impact of severe aphasia?
Trouble understanding spoken messages - may be unreliable in responding to "yes"/"no" Ws - may not be aware of their own errors - may use a combo of words and jargon that is not understood by others
38
What can I do to communicate effectively with someone that has aphasia?
- maintain eye contact - use shorter, less complex sentences - dec. distractions - use gestures to assist in comm - repeat when necessary - don't assume person understands you - don't guess at content too soon
39
How to assess dysphagia?
Bedside swallow exam Modified barium swallowing study
40
What does the SLP do for language?
- naming and improving fluency - strategies to compensate - articulations; HEP for tongue and facial mm
41
What does an SLP do for cognition?
- recognize safety concerns - training attn and other executive function sklls
42
What does an SLP do for dysphagia?
Strategies to improve swallowing
43
What does an OT do to help Neuro Deficits?
- helps cognition as it pertains to function - Sequencing of ADLs - Help w/IADLs - role in perception and visual-perceptual deficits
44
What is the role of neuropsych with these patients
- Indepth testing of cognitive functions - role in adjustment to illness/disability

UM - Neuro 1 (7 decks)

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