cognition pt 2

Question 1

trial and error

Answer 1

problem-solving strategy in which multiple solutions are attempted until the correct one is found

Question 2

algorithm

Answer 2

problem-solving strategy characterized by a specific set of instructions

Question 3

heuristic

Answer 3

mental shortcut that saves time when solving a problem

Question 4

working backwards

Answer 4

heuristic in which you begin to solve a problem by focusing on the end result

Question 5

mental set

Answer 5

continually using an old solution to a problem without results

Question 6

functional fixedness

Answer 6

inability to see an object as useful for any other use other than the one for which it was intended

Question 7

anchoring bias

Answer 7

faulty heuristic in which you fixate on a single aspect of a problem to find a solution

Question 8

confirmation bias

Answer 8

faulty heuristic in which you focus on information that confirms your beliefs

Question 9

hindsight bias

Answer 9

belief that the event just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t

Question 10

representative bias

Answer 10

faulty heuristic in which you stereotype someone or something without a valid basis for your judgment