Cognitive

Question 0

What are the three levels of processing?

Answer 0

Structural
Phonetic
Semantic

Question 1

Who came up with the LOP (Levels of processing) model of Memory and when?

Answer 1

Craik and Lockhart in 1972

Question 2

Define structural processing

Answer 2

Processing the physical structure of a word for example, whether it is upper or lower case

Question 3

Define phonetic processing

Answer 3

Processing the sound of the word being memorised

Question 4

Define Semantic processing

Answer 4

Memorising the word by processing the meaning of the word

Question 5

Rank the levels of processing from most effective to least effective

Answer 5

Semantic
Phonetic
Structural

Question 6

Who conducted the LOP experiment and when?

Answer 6

Craik and Tulving in 1975

Question 7

How many participants were in the experiment in the LOP study?

Answer 7

24

Question 8

How many words were there in the list that participants had to choose the correct 60 words from in the LOP study?

Answer 8

180

Question 9

What were the percentage of words recognised for structural questions in the LOP study?

Answer 9

17%

Question 10

What were the percentage of words recognised for phonetic questions in the LOP study?

Answer 10

36%

Question 11

What were the percentage of words recognised for semantic questions in the LOP study?

Answer 11

65%

Question 12

What was the conclusion drawn from the LOP experiment by Craik and Tulving 1975?

Answer 12

The deeper the processing the greater the recognition

Question 20

Who came up with the multi-store model of memory and when?

Answer 20

Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968 to 1971

Question 21

What are the three levels of the multi store memory?

Answer 21

Sensory
Short term
Long term

Question 22

Who conducted the Experiment for Cue Dependent Forgetting and when was it carried out?

Answer 22

Gooden and Baddely in 1975

Question 23

In the Godden and Baddely divers study, how many divers were there? Where were they from?

Answer 23

18 divers from Scotland

Question 24

How many words were there for the Godden and Baddely study of Cue dependent forgetting?

Answer 24

36 Words

Question 25

What are the time periods for each level of memory for the multi-store memory?

Answer 25

Sensory - Fraction of a second
Short-term - 18 to 30 seconds
Long-term - Minutes to years

Question 26

How does information go from the short-term memory to the long term memory?

Answer 26

By repetition through the rehearsal loop

Question 27

Who came up with cue-dependant forgetting and when?

Answer 27

Tulving in 1974

Question 28

What are the two types of cue to help forgetting?

Answer 28

Context and State

Question 29

What are context cues?

Answer 29

Involve prompts from the surrounding environment

Question 30

What are state cues?

Answer 30

These cues involve emotional and are internal to the person

Question 31

What is a Cue?

Answer 31

Prompts that guide us to the memory that we are seeking in our minds

Question 32

What environments in the divers study would represent the context cue?

Answer 32

Both leaning and recall underwater / Both learning and recall on land

Question 33

What environments were used in the divers study to represent no context cues?

Answer 33

Learning and recall were conducted in different environments, one underwater and the other on land

Question 34

What design did the divers study use?

Answer 34

Repeated Measures

Question 35

How many hours were there between each condition in the divers study?

Answer 35

24

Question 36

Was there a difference in recall ability on land compared to water in the divers study?

Answer 36

No

Question 37

In the divers study, what percentage more words were forgotten when recalled in a different environment to the learning environment?

Answer 37

40%

Question 38

What are the two types of interference forgetting? Define them.

Answer 38

Proactive - Old information interferes with new information Retroactive - New information interferes with old information

Question 39

Briefly describe the cognitive key issue

Answer 39

Involving the eyewitness testimony. Evidence to show they are inaccurate and therefore unreliable. This is because of theories of forgetting and other cognitive theories.

Question 40

Describe a one-tailed hypothesis

Answer 40

One with a definite direction e.g Alcohol will increase reaction time

Question 41

Describe a two-tailed hypothesis

Answer 41

One with no specific direction eg. Alcohol affects reaction time

Question 42

What is a confounding situational variable?

Answer 42

One in which the tease archer can control when carrying out a study experiment e.g. Time taken or number of ppts

Question 43

What is an extraneous variable?

Answer 43

One in which the researcher cannot control in a situation. e.g. spontaneous illness or noises