Cognitive Development + Disabilities + Language Flashcards
(25 cards)
Piaget’s ______ _______ phase emerges throughout which age bracket?
Concrete operational phase emerges throughout the 7 to 11 age bracket
Operations =
mental actions that are reversible
Concrete operations =
mental actions that are applied to real objects
Children become less ______ and more ______
Less egocentric and more sociocentric
Able to focus on _____ _____ of a _____ __ _____
Able to focus on multiple parts of a problem at once
Piaget’s 4 different objects/topics of conservation tasks:
Number, Liquid, Mass, Area
Seriation is
Examining two dimensions at once
Information processing approach
Alternative to Piaget’s theory, this emphasises how children use attention, memory, and strategies to process information
Working memory = a _____ ______ where individuals manipulate and _______ information when they ____ _______
a mental ‘workbench’ where individuals manipulate and assemble information when they make decisions, solve problems and comprehend written and spoken language.
Vocabulary increases from __,____ at 6 years old to __,____ at __ years old
Vocabulary increases from 14,000 words at 6 y/o to 40,000 words at 11 y/o
Metalinguistic awareness is ________
knowledge about language
The whole-language approach _________ and is taught through _______
Stresses that reading instruction should parallel children’s natural language learning, and is taught through guessing and recognising whole words or even entire sentences
The phonics approach _________ and is taught through _______
Stresses that that reading instruction should teach basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds, and is taught through giving reading material children ONLY after they have learnt material
Disability children may struggle with cognitive functions such as _____, _____, _____, _____, etc.
Disability children may struggle with cognitive functions such as listening, thinking, speaking, reading, etc.
What are the 4 specific (dys) disabilities? And what are their challenges (example - hand writing)
dyslexia (reading and spelling), dysgraphia (hand writing), dyscalculia (maths), dyspraxia (motor function)
_ times as many _____ than _____ are classified as have a ________ _________, due to greater ________ vulnerability.
About 3 times as many boys as girls are classified as having a learning disability, due to greater biological vulnerability among boys.
How are brain pathways involved in learning disabilities examined?
MRI scans
What are the 3 different types of ADHD?
Predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive/impulsive, combined
Which 2 medications improves the attention of people with ADHD?
Ritalin and Adderall
3 autistic disorder symptoms
Problems in social interaction, problems in verbal and nonverbal communication, and repetitive behaviours
ASD’s can be detected as young as ages between _ and _, but are more commonly detected in _____ childhood
ASD’s can be detected as young as ages between 1 and 3, but are more commonly detected in middle childhood
ASD’s are a result of _______ within the _______ and _______ of the brain
ASD’s are a result of abnormalities with the structure and neurotransmitters
Individualised education plan (IEP)
Written statement that spells out a program that is specifically tailored for a student with a disability
Least restrictive environment (LRE)
Setting that is as similar as possible to the one in which children who do not have a disability are educated
