Cognitive Development Theories and Milestones

Question 1

Aggression peaks at _______

Answer 1

Four years old

Question 2

Instrumental Aggression

Answer 2

Found in younger preschoolers. Shout, hit, kick to get desired concrete object.

Question 3

Hostile Aggression

Answer 3

middle preschoolers. Getting even for other that have done them wrong.

Question 4

Overt Aggression

Answer 4

Physically Harming or threatening (boys more likely)

Question 5

Relational Aggression

Answer 5

Emotional/Social harm. Rejecting. (Girls more likely)

Question 6

Who created the Social Learning Theory and what is it?

Answer 6

Albert Bandura. Children learn behaviors vicariously by observing others. (Children are taught to be prejudice by the adults in their lives).

Question 7

Corporal punishment can lead to____

Answer 7

Anti-Social behaviors. Boys are particularly at risk (genetic disposition)

Question 8

Behaviorist that believed in positive and negative reinforcement

Answer 8

B.F. Skinner

Question 9

What is Positive Reinforcement?

Answer 9

Introducing a reward immediately after desired behavior. Most effective.

Question 10

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 10

Taking something unwanted away, like a noisy environment.

Question 11

Positive Punishment

Answer 11

Aversive consequence for behavior. Johnny refused to put one toy away so now he has to clean the whole play room.

Question 12

Negative Punishment

Answer 12

Removing the stimulus. Johnny refused to clean his room so now he can’t watch T.V.

Question 13

What is the first stage of Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory and at what age in development does it occur?

Answer 13

Sensorimotor stage (Birth to 2) Babies learn through the environmental input and motor actions they engage in.

Question 14

What is the second stage of Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory and when does it occur in development?

Answer 14

The pre-operational stage (2-7). Children engage in symbolic play and begin to manipulate symbols.

Question 15

What is a Conservation Task?

Answer 15

Thinking problems that require the child to observe the same amount, but laid out in different ways.

Question 16

What theory did Edward Thorndike propose?

Answer 16

Stimulus-response-theory

Question 17

What is stimulus response theory?

Answer 17

The Law of Effect: If response to stimuli produces a satisfying effect, they will be repeated
The Law of Exercise: Frequent connections of stimulus and response will strengthen connections and decrease time
The Law of Readiness: If the subject isn’t ready, they may not respond to the stimulus

Question 18

According to Family Stress Theory, what is the most significant factors affecting children’s sense of security?

Answer 18

Disruption of daily routines

Question 19

Knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation are related to which of the following educational concepts?

Answer 19

Bloom’s taxonomy

Question 20

What is accommodation in development?

Answer 20

altering one’s existing schemas, or ideas, as a result of new information or new experiences.