COGNITIVE-Moray Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is the aim of the study?
To replicate Cherry’s findings and provide evidence for the cocktail part effect.
What does the cocktail party effect mean?
When paying attention to once message, we black out other auditory info, but our name is said, the “barrier” is broken
What does dichotic listening mean?
Listening to two mesages at the same time- one in each ear
What does shadowing mean?
repeating out loud one of the messages we’re listening to?
What does affective instructions mean?
An instruction which contains a meaningful queue which draws our attention
What does non affective instructions mean?
An instruction that lacks anything meaningful to draw our attention
Describe the first experiment.
A “blocked” list of words was repeated 35 times. At the end of the shadowing task, they were asked to recall the blocked message. 30 seconds after, participants were given 7 words from the shadowed, 7 from the blocked and 7 unrelated
Sample of undergrad students of both genders
What are the results of the first experiment
Shadowed
4.9 words remembered
Blocked
1.9 words remembered
Unrelated
2.6 words remembered
What did moray conclude about experiment 1?
Participants were able to recognise the words from the shadowed passage more.
Describe experiment 2
He aimed to see if affective instructions could break the barrier
Two passages of light fiction were heard in each ear. Both passages contained instructions at the start, and then within it. Both passages were read at a monotone pace of 130 words per minute. The instructions either contained their name, or didnt
12 undergrad students
What did moray conclude about experiment 2?
Participants far more likely to hear the affective instructions.
What was the aim about experiment 3?
To investigate whether info that is not personally meaningful can break the inattentional barrier if warned
What was the procedure like in experiment 3?
Participants presented with a dichotic listening task and had to shadow one of the messages. Numbers were read out loud near the end, and participants were told to listen for them
14 students from oxford.
What were the conclusions of experiment 3?
No significant difference in number of words recalled between group one and two
Non affective info like numbers cannot be made important enough to break the inattentional barriers.
How does this study relate to ethics?
No issue of harm or discomfort, so ensured protection from harm
participants could not fully give consent as this would affect the validity.
How does this study relate to ethnocentrism?
Unlikely to be affected by cultural differences
Only reflects english speaking participants
How does the study relate to reliability?
very standardised as it was a lab experiment using the same apparatus. Very replicable
sample is too small to show a consistent effect
How does the study relate to validity?
The study contains construct validity as the apparatus and procedure were very controlled. The same texts and headphones were used, but there is a slight danger of demand characteristics.
The study may not contain population validity as the sample is limited to students. Needs people from other places/ countries
The study may not contain ecological validity as information is fed through headphones, and had to be remembered. This is unlike real life for many people.
