Cognitive Psychology Flashcards
(19 cards)
CONTEMPORARY STUDY: SCHMOLK
What is the aim of schmolk?
Investigate the effects of specific brain damage on semantic memory using case studies.
CONTEMPORARY STUDY: SCHMOLCK
What is the sample of schmolck?
•6 patients with amnesia were compared to 8 normal control participants
•they were matched on age sex and education
•divided into groups depending on brain damage
-MTL Damage-medial temporal lobe
-MTL+ damage - MTL and anterolateral temporal correct damage
CONTEMPORARY STUDY: SCHMOLCK
What is the method of Schmolck?
- A lab experiment over 5 sittings
- Conducted 13 tests 9 were from a semantic test battery using line drawings of 24 animals and 24 objects which could be grouped into smaller categories
- Asked to complete various tasks such as naming, describing physical features, the pyramid and palms task and filling in gaps.
- The % correct or incorrect were scored, except in some tests where their accuracy was scored 0-4 and the researchers made sure them compare (inter-rater reliability)
CONTEMPORARY STUDY: SCHMOLCK
What are the results of schmolck?
- Those with hippocampus damage were able to name, point out, and answer questions about objects they were given with considerable accuracy.(similar to control group)
- Those with MTL+ performed less well. They also had difficulty thinking of examples from a category e.g. names of dogs breeds
CONTEMPORARY STUDY: SCHMOLCK
What is the conclusion on Schmolck?
MTL+ patients had greater difficulty than MTL suggesting the anterolateral temporal correct is responsible for semantic knowledge
CONTEMPORARY STUDY EVALUATION: SCHMOLCK
What are strengths of Schmolck?
- Reliable-lab(replicable), High controls(pictures timings)
- Group design-control group matches for age sex and education to control for participant variables and isolate the damage as the IV
- Checked for inter-rater reliability when scoring the descriptions which makes this part more reliable
- The findings matches up with other research about semantic dementia
CONTEMPORARY STUDY EVALUATION: SCHMOLCK
What are weaknesses of Schmolck?
- Small sample unique individuals not generalisable
- Lab experiment lacks mundane realism
- ethical problems working with vulnerable people
CLASSIC STUDY:BADDELEY (1966)
What was the aim of Baddeleys study?
To investigate the influence of acoustic and semantic word similarity on learning and recall in short term and long term memory
CLASSIC STUDY: BADDELEY (1966)
What was the sample?
72 participants Male and female from applied psychology research unit
CLASSIC STUDY: BADDELEY (1966)
What was the procedure?
- lab experiment
- recall word lists, each list was 10 words with either semantically similar, semantically dissimilar, acoustically similar or acoustically dissimilar words. Independent measures design
- they were given a hearing test first
- then each word was presented for three seconds
- asked to complete six tasks involving memory for digits then asked to write them in the correct order. They done this four times
- after the fourth trial they were given a 15 minute distracter task involving copying numbers before doing the recall
CLASSIC STUDY: BADDELEY (1966)
What are the results of the study?
- Acoustically similar words were recalled worse than dissimilar words in the initial phase
- semantically similar words were recalled significantly worse than dissimilar words
CLASSIC STUDY: BADDELEY (1966)
What is the conclusion of the study?
Short term memory is acoustically encoded, long term memory is semantically encoded
CLASSIC STUDY: BADDELEY EVALUATION
What are they strengths of the study?
- lab experiment makes it highly replicable because of various things which were standardised like the timings of the procedure
- lab experiment no EVs
- independent measures (each person only having one list to do) reduces order effects
- sample Male and female generalisable
CLASSIC STUDY: BADDELEY EVALUATION
What are the weaknesses of the study?
- lab experiment lacks mundane realism (in life you won’t have to recall monosyllabic words in a select order)
- independent measures means may be participant variables e.g natural memory, intelligence
- sample from applied psychology research unit not generalisable
HM
AO1 description
- had epilepsy from a young age after accident
- has his hippocampus removed couldn’t make new long term memory’s
- could access old long term memory’s
- could use STM
- could make procedural memories
HM
Strengths?
- tells us how the brain makes new types of memories and the different types that people have
- case study long time lots of detail n depth
- triangulation (memory tests, observations etc)
HM
Weaknesses?
- Case studies small sample one person not representative
- HMs brain damage is very specific to him
- brain damage, vulnerable people, eithics with fully giving informed consent
MULTI-STORE MODEL
AO1 Description?
- your memory is a linear process where information is passed from one store to another, each of these has its own features and functions
- information enters the sensory memory from 5 senses it is held here for no longer than a second or two
- if you pay attention it enters the STM 7+-2 items for 30 seconds. The short term store mainly deals with acoustic information and can be held there by maintenance rehearsal
- if rehearsed enough it will transfer to LTM where it can be stored for a life time and has unlimited capacity encoding is mainly semantic in LTM
MULTI-STORE MODEL
Sensory (encoding,capacity, duration?)
Encoding-all senses
Capacity-10items
Duration-2seconds
