Cognitive Science: Chapter 2

Question 1

What is Philosophy?

Answer 1

Broadly, the study for wisdom and knowledge.

Question 2

What are the two branches of philosophy and define them.

Answer 2

Metaphysics: Examines the nature of reality.
Epistemology: The study of knowledge.

Question 3

What is monism?

Answer 3

Monism is a belief in which there is only one kind of state or substance in the universe, or there is only one kind of ultimate substance.

Question 4

What is dualism?

Answer 4

Dualism is where one believes that both the mental and physical form substances are possible

Question 5

Philosophical behaviorism:

Answer 5

How mental states react (behave) through tendencies under certain circumstances.

Question 6

What is idealism?

Answer 6

Idealism is the unrealistic practice to reach one’s ideals (fantasy), or can be known as an illusion of reality.

Question 7

Physicalism/Materialism:

Answer 7

The metaphysical thesis that states everything is made of atoms, or in other words, everything is physical. Nothing more or less.

Question 8

Eliminativism:

Question 9

Folk psychology:

Question 10

Multiple realization:

Question 11

Classical dualism:

Question 12

Substance Dualism:

Question 13

Property Dualism:

Question 14

Physical Kinds

Question 15

Functional kinds

Question 16

Functionalism

Question 17

Qualia

Question 18

Nature-nurture debate

Question 19

Nature

Question 20

Nurture

Question 21

Nativism

Question 22

Rationalism

Question 23

Empiricism

Answer 23

Knowledge that is acquired through experience and observation

Question 24

Simple and Complex Ideas

Question 25

Reflexes

Question 26

Consciousness

Answer 26

Awareness or perception of something by a person (no real definition according to textbook)

Question 27

Phenomenal concept of mind

Answer 27

Idea of mind as a conscious experience

Question 28

Psychological concept of mind

Answer 28

Sees mental states only in terms of how they cause and explain behavior

Question 29

Easy problem of consciousness

Question 30

Hard problem of consciousness

Question 31

Explanatory gap

Question 32

Reductionism

Answer 32

A belief that everything can be explained by understanding its smaller parts (like addition)

Question 33

Emergence

Question 34

Emergent property

Question 35

Central processing unit (CPU)

Question 36

Homunculus

Question 37

Neural correlates of consciousness (NCCCs)

Question 38

Binocular rivalry

Question 39

Strong AI and Weak AI

Question 40

Chinese Room Scenario