Cognitive Test Flashcards
(42 cards)
1
Q
THE BONUS MARCH
A
May 1932
2
Q
SINKING OF LUSITANIA
A
7 May 1915
3
Q
END OF WW1
A
11 November 1918
4
Q
WALL ST CRASH
A
24 October 1929
5
Q
TREATY OF VERSAILLES
A
28 June 1919
6
Q
18TH AMENDMENT
A
Ratified 16 January 1919
7
Q
USA ENTERS WW1
A
6 April 1917
8
Q
PROHIBITION REPEALED
A
Ratified 5 December 1933
9
Q
FDR ELECTED
A
4 March 1933 (inaugurated)
10
Q
ST VALENTINES DAY MASSACRE
A
14 February 1929
11
Q
LAISSEZ FAIRE
A
- A policy of non-interference by the government or other authorities; to not interfere, and leave things to sort themselves out
12
Q
NORMALCY
A
- Ceased to promise progressive reforms and instead aimed to settle into traditional patterns of government
- Harding’s promise to ‘return to normalcy’ was to return to how American worked and Americans lived before WW1
13
Q
WILSONS 14 POINTS
A
- Basis for a peace program and it was on the back of the Fourteen Points that Germany and her allies agreed to an armistice in November 1918.
- The main purpose of the Fourteen Points was to outline a strategy for ending the war.
- He set out specific goals that he wanted to achieve through the war.
- If the United States was going to fight in Europe and soldiers were going to lose their lives, he wanted to establish exactly what they were fighting for.
- The Fourteen Points are a list of moral guidelines that were developed by Woodrow Wilson as a response to the various causes of World War I.
14
Q
RUGGED INDIVIDUALISM
A
- People overcoming problems and succeeding by their own efforts and hand work; not receiving help from the government
- Popularized by Hoover, but apart of 20’s Republican political ideologies
15
Q
‘ON THE MARGIN’
A
- The purchase of an asset by paying the margin and borrowing the balance from a bank or broker.
- Buying on margin refers to the initial or down payment made to the broker for the asset being purchased.
16
Q
RED SCARE
A
- The fear of the spread of Communism
17
Q
SACCO AND VANZETTI
A
WHO; Nicola Sacco, Bartolomeo Vanzetti
− BACKGROUND; Italian Immigrants
Admitted Anarchists who did NOT believe there should be a central govt
− WHAT; Arrested for armed robbery and murder
− WHEN; 1920
− WHERE; Massachusetts
TRIAL
− WHEN; 1920
− WHAT; Sacco and Vanzetti convicted of murder
− ATMOSPHERE; Seen guilty, before convicted
− SPECULATION; After convicted, actual murder Celestino Madeiro’s confessed but the judge wouldn’t consider the confession
− JUDGE; ‘those anarchist bastards’
EXECUTION
− WHEN; August 1927
− LAST APPEAL; Appeal was rejected, on the terms that the trail was FAIR (retired judge, two professors)
18
Q
JOHN SCOPES
A
- ‘Monkey Trial’
- Modernity VS. Fundamentalism
- This trial symbolized the conflict between science and theology, and received widespread publicity and was the first trial to be broadcasted in America.
- The trail viewed as a clash between urban modernists and rural fundamentalists.
- March 1925, Tennessee Butler Act; ‘teach any theory that denies the story of the Divine Creation of Man as taught in the Bible, and to teach instead that man has descended from a lower order of animals
- Scopes’ was found guilty, and fined $100 dollars
- Christian fundamentalist and famous attorney William Jennings Bryan prosecution,
- Clarence Darrow, a famous criminal lawyer Scopes’ defence
19
Q
VOLSTEAD ACT
A
- The National Prohibition Act
- The three distinct purposes of the Act were to prohibit intoxicating beverage, regulate the manufacture, sale or transport of intoxicating liquor and ensure an ample supply of alcohol and promote its use in scientific research and in the development of fuel, dye and other lawful industries and practices such as religious rituals.
- The act defined intoxicating liquor as any beverage containing for than 0.5% alcohol by volume, and also superseded all existing prohibition laws in effect in states that had such legislation.
- Define intoxicating liquors and provide penalties
20
Q
FUNDAMENTALISM
A
- A movement that arose in the late 19th and early 20th centuries within American Protestantism reacting against “modernist” theology and biblical criticism as well as changes in the nation’s cultural and social scene.
- Fundamentalists; People of any religion who believe that events described in their holy books e.g. the bible are true and should not be questioned
21
Q
TIN LIZZIE
A
- Ford Model T Automobile
- Ford wanted ordinary Americans to have their own cars
- Mass production enable a price of $295 (affordable)
- Encouraged the building of roads, suburbs, allowed people to live out of the city, stimulated industries petrol, rubber, plate glass etc
22
Q
OHIO GANG
A
- Group of politicians who achieved high office during the presidential administration of Warren G. Harding and
- who betrayed their public trust through a number of scandals.
- Leader of the Ohio Gang was Harry M. Daugherty, a long-time political operative who was the principal manager of Harding’s political ascendancy and who was named attorney general of the United States.
- Other members of the gang included Albert B. Fall, secretary of the interior; Will H. Hays, postmaster general; Charles R. Forbes, head of the Veteran’s Bureau; and Jess Smith, an official of the Justice Department.
23
Q
18TH AMENDMENT
A
- The 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution effectively established the prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the United States
- It declared that the production, transportation and sale of alcoholic beverages were illegal.
- result of decades of effort by the Temperance movement in the United States.
- The Temperance movement believed that alcohol consumption led to corruption, prostitution, spousal abuse and other criminal activities.
- This prohibition movement attracted diverse followers; doctors, pastors, business leaders, labor radicals, conservatives and liberals
- By the late nineteenth century the majority of the Protestants and American Catholics supported the movement.
- The amendment came into effect on January 16th, 1920. Prohibition was intended to be a crusade to clean up America and see corruption and crime abolished from the country.
24
Q
FLAPPER
A
- Before the 1920’s, women were restricted in how they could act and dress.
- The Flapper symbolized a ‘new women’,
- A woman who challenged restrictions and did ‘unlady like’ things.
- Flappers were young women with bobbed hair and short skirts who drank, smoked, listened to Jazz music and acted in provocative ways publically.
- They were known for wearing excessive amounts of make up, driving cars and rebelling against social and sexual norms.
- These changes in clothing and hair were significant, symbolizing women gaining greater freedom and becoming less submissive and more daring.
- Not all women adopted the flapper wardrobe, but did receive the benefits of less social restriction, increase in jobs and the right to vote.
- This change in role, and attitude in conjunction with technological advances meant that women had more leisure time due to time saving household items such as; vacuum cleaners and employment meant women had some disposable income.
25
BRAINS TRUST
- Panel of experts put together a programme of new laws to help America out of the Great Depression; the New Deal
26
THE 100 DAYS
- Panel of experts put together a programme of new laws to help America out of the Great Depression; the New Deal
- Economy was in such a terrible state Congress realised amme of new laws to help America out of the Great Depression; the New De
- Economy was in such a terrible state Congress realised that drastic meaures had to be taken
- Roosevelt demanded extra powers to take action quickly, the senate and house of reps were prepared to give him the same authority as if the country was being invaded
- 8 March to 16 June 1933
- 13 new laws were passed to deal with the emergency (the 3 r's were the aims)
27
FIRESIDE CHATS
- Sunday 12 March 1933 FDR
- Instill confidence
- Nationally broadcast (radio)
- Discuss future plans of the government
- Tone; friendly, calm, relaxing
28
NRA
- Aims were to; increase workers wages so that they would have more money to spend on goods
- To increase the prices of factory goods (which had dropped rock bottom) to help factory owners make more profit and employ more
- To give workers a fairer deal in the workplace, including better working conditions and shorter hours
- codes drawn up for each industry and owners/businessmen were encouraged to sign
- Codes; fixed proces, set minimum wages, no child labour
- workers allowed to join trade unions, brutal strike-breaking practices were outlawed
29
MONROE DOCTRINE
- A principle of US policy, originated by President James Monroe, that any intervention by external powers in the politics of the Americas is a potentially hostile act against the US.
- The Monroe Doctrine consists of four main points.
- 1. The United States would remain neutral in European affairs and not get involved in European conflicts.
- 2. The United States would not interfere with current European colonies in the Western Hemisphere.
- 3. No European nation would be allowed to establish a new colony in the Western Hemisphere.
- 4. If a European nation would try to interfere with a nation in the Western Hemisphere, the United States would view that as a hostile act and respond accordingly.
- United States was willing to take on the role of regional policeman. In the early 1900s Roosevelt grew concerned that a crisis between Venezuela and its creditors could spark an invasion of that nation by European powers.
- The Roosevelt Corollary of December 1904 stated that the United States would intervene as a last resort to ensure that other nations in the Western Hemisphere fulfilled their obligations to international creditors, and did not violate the rights of the United States or invite “foreign aggression to the detriment of the entire body of American nations.”
- As the corollary worked out in practice, the United States increasingly used military force to restore internal stability to nations in the region.
- Roosevelt declared that the United States might “exercise international police power in ‘flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence.’”
- Over the long term the corollary had little to do with relations between the Western Hemisphere and Europe, but it did serve as justification for U.S. intervention in Cuba, Nicaragua, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic.
30
WARREN HARDING
- President; 1921, 1933
- Inaugurated; 4 March 1921
- Slogan; ‘return to normalcy’
31
CALVIN COOLIDGE
- President; 1923-1929
- Inaugurated;
- Slogan; ‘keep it cool with Coolidge’
32
HERBERT HOOVER
- President; 1929-1933
- Inaugurated; 4 March 1929
- Slogan; ‘A chicken in every pot, 2 cars in every garage’
33
6 REASON FOR THE WALL ST CRASH
− Irrational exuberance, optimism and over confidence
− US Economic Boom
− Rise of American Consumerism
− Overproduction of consumer goods
− Easy credit schemes and increased debt
− The Stock Market boom and the 'Long Bull Market'
− Buying stocks "on margin" (buying shares with loaned money)
− Unequal distribution of wealth
− Fall in demand
− Weaknesses in the banking system
34
FDR'S 3 R'S
- Relief
- Recovery
- Reform
35
HOOVERVILLES
- Loss of jobs and depleted their savings, they also lost their homes.
- Desperate for shelter, homeless citizens built shantytowns in and around cities across the nation.
- These camps came to be called Hoovervilles, after the president.
- Democratic National Committee publicity director and longtime newspaper reporter Charles Michelson (1868-1948) is credited with coining the term, which first appeared in print in 1930.
- Hooverville shanties were constructed of cardboard, tar paper, glass, lumber, tin and whatever other materials people could salvage.
- Unemployed masons used cast-off stone and bricks and in some cases built structures that stood 20 feet high.
- Most shanties, however, were distinctly less glamorous: Cardboard-box homes did not last long, and most dwellings were in a constant state of being rebuilt.
- Some homes were not buildings at all, but deep holes dug in the ground with makeshift roofs laid over them to keep out inclement weather.
- Some of the homeless found shelter inside empty conduits and water mains.
36
FORD QUOTE
- Any customer can have a car painted any colour that he wants so long as it is black
37
COOLIDGE QUOTE
- The business of America is business
38
FDR QUOTE
- Only thing we have to fear is fear itself
39
RELIEF
- Relieve people from extreme poverty, feed the staring and stop people losing their homes or farms
40
RECOVERY
- Revive the economy by getting industry going and people working again
41
REFORM
- Make the USA a better place for ordinary people by bringing in measures such as unemployment insurance, and old-age pensions, and help for the sick, disabled and needy
42
Monroe Doctrine
- a principle of US policy, originated by President James Monroe, that any intervention by external powers in the politics of the Americas is a potentially hostile act against the US
- When it came to the actual dispatch of the fleets, President Roosevelt demanded from the German government a point blank statement that they would not land or occupy Venezuelan territory. Th
