Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LPN School > Cognitive, Thought and Personality > Flashcards

Cognitive, Thought and Personality Flashcards

1
Q

psychotic

A

loss of contact with reality (delusions, hallucinations)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

schizophrenia

A

most common thought disorder. Group of disorders that affect thinking, behavior, emotions and ability to perceive reality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

schizoaffective thought disorder

A

meets criteria for schizophrenia AND an affective disorder (depression, mania, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Brief thought disorder

A

psychotic manifestations that last from 1 day to 1 month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

schizophreniform thought disorder

A

clinical manifestations of schizophrenia, but duration is from 1 to 6 months and social/occupational dysfunction may or not be present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Shared psychotic thought disorders

A

one person begins to share delusional beliefs of another person with psychosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Secondary (induced) thought disorders

A

manifestation od psychosis brought on by medical disorder (dementia) or chemical substances (alcohol abuse)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Schizophrenia onset

A

late teens to early 20’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Schizophrenia diagnosis

A

Age 7 (rule out ADHD with violent tendencies)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Schizophrenia interferes with

A

interpersonal relationships
self-care
ability to work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Positive symptoms (symptoms there, but should not be there)

A
  1. Hallucinations
  2. Delusions
  3. Alterations in speech
  4. Alterations in behavior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hallucinations (sensory perceptions)

A
  1. Auditory
  2. Visual
  3. Olfactory
  4. Gustatory
  5. Tactile
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Delusions

A

alterations in thought that can’t be corrected by reasoning and are usually bizarre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Delusions of persecution

A

feeling of being singled out for harm by agencies, other people, or supernatural beings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Delusions of grandeur

A

believe they are powerful and important (God)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ideas of Reference

A

believing that events or situations are occurring because of or specifically for them (people on TV sending them messages)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Somatic delusions

A

believe their body is changing in an unusual way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Jealousy

A

may believe spouse is having an affair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Being controlled

A

force outside their body is controlling them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Thought broadcasting

A

their thoughts can be heard by others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Thought insertion

A

others’ thoughts are being inserted into their mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Thought withdrawal

A

thoughts have been removed from their mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Religiosity

A

obsession with religious beliefs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Depersonalization

A

nonspecific feeling that the person has lost her identity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Derealization

A

perception that the environment has changed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Alterations in speech (Positive symptoms)

A
  1. Flight of ideas
  2. Neologisms
  3. Echolalia
  4. Clang
  5. Word salad
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Flight of ideas

A

loose association between thoughts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Neologisms

A

made up words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Echolalia

A

repeating words spoken to him

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Clang association

A

meaningless rhyming words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Word Salad

A

words jumbled together with little meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Alterations in behavior (Positive)

A
  1. Bizarre behavior
  2. Extreme agitation
  3. Stereotype
  4. Automatic
  5. Waxy flexibility
  6. Stupor
  7. Negativism
  8. Echopraxia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Bizarre behavior

A

like walking backwards all the time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Extreme agitation

A

pacing and rocking (give them space)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Stereotype behaviors

A

motor patterns with meaning to pt. but now are mechanical and lack purpose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Automatic obedience

A

responding in a robot-like manner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Waxy flexibility

A

excessive maintenance of position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Stupor

A

motionless for long periods of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Negativism

A

doing opposite of what is requested

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Echopraxia

A

purposeful imitation of movements made by others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

abilities or characteristics that are absent from the pt.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Types of Negative Symptoms

A
  1. Affect
  2. Alogia
  3. Avolition
  4. Anhedonia
  5. Anergia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Affect

A

facial expression
blunt - narrow range
flat - never changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Alogia

A

not many thoughts or speech (mumble)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Avolition

A

lack of hygiene and activities (must be prompted)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Anhedonia

A

lack of pleasure or joy (no fun)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Anergia

A

lack of energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Cognitive (thinking) symptoms

A
  1. Disordered thinking
  2. Inability to make decision
  3. Poor problem solving
  4. Difficulty concentrating
  5. Memory deficits (long-term or Working memory)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Depressive symptoms

A

Hopelessness

Suicidal ideation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Types of Schizophrenia

A
  1. Paranoid
  2. Disorganized
  3. Catatonic
  4. Residual
  5. Undifferentiated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Paranoid schizophrenia

A

suspicion
Hallucinations and delusions
May be violent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Disorganized schizophrenia

A 
Homeless
withdrawal from society
inappropriate behavior
Disorganized hallucinations and delusions
Bizarre mannerisms
Incoherent speech
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Catatonic schizophrenia

A

Abnormal motor movements

  1. Withdrawn (psychomotor retardation, appear comatose, waxy flexibility, self-care needs)
  2. Excited (constant movement, posturing, danger to self and others)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Residual schizophrenia

A

No clinical manifestations
2 or more residual findings
Anergia, anhedonia, avolition, withdrawal, impaired role, speech problems, odd behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Undifferentiated

A

No particular type

Any symptoms may be present

56
Q

Schizophrenia Medications

positive psychotic symptoms

A

Conventional Antipsychotics:
Haldol (Haloperidol)
Thorazine (Chlorpromazine)

57
Q

Schizophrenia Medications

negative and positive psychotic symptoms

A 
Atypical Antipsychotics:
Risperadal
Zyprexa (Olanzapine)
Seroquel (Quetiapine)
Geodon (Ziprasidone)
Abilify
Clozaril
58
Q

Schizophrenia Medications

Depression

A

Antidepressants:
Paxil
Watch suicide
Avoid abrupt cessation

59
Q

Schizophrenia Medications

Anxiety + pos and neg

A 
Anxiolytics/Benzodiazepines:
Ativan (Lorazepam)
Klonopin (Clonazepam)
Sedative effect
Monitor agranulocytosis
60
Q

Medication dose

A

start low and gradually increased

61
Q

Take medication on a

A

regular basis

62
Q

Avoid

A

Alcohol
Sedatives
Haz activities

63
Q

Teach to expect

A

side effects

64
Q

Significant improvement takes

A

2 - 4 weeks

65
Q

Full effect may take

A

several months

66
Q

Depot preparations

A

IM injections every 2 -4 weeks (can’t maintain schedule) Risperidal

67
Q

Oral disintegrating tablets

A

pt that cheeks or pockets meds or difficulty swallowing

68
Q

Right to refulse

A

unless a risk for harm to self or others (order for involuntary administration)

69
Q

Milieu therapy

A

structured, safe environment that helps decrease anxiety and distracts them from continually thinking about hallucinations

70
Q

Therapeutic communication

A

goal-oriented to help them learn how to manage

71
Q

Trusting relationship

A

Important for nurse - never lie

72
Q

Nurse should encourage

A

Development of social skills and friendships

Participation in group work and psychotherapy

73
Q

To address hallucinations and delusions

A
  1. Don’t argue or agree
  2. Acknowledge feelings (You seem to be)
  3. Offer reasonable explanations
  4. Provide for safety
  5. Focus conversations on reality-based (redirect)
  6. Be genuine and empathetic
  7. Identify symptom triggers
  8. Determine discharge needs
  9. Promote self-care (modelling and instruction)
  10. Relate wellness to symptom mgmt. (not going away)
  11. Teach and implement strategies to reduce auditory hallucinations (music, TV, say stop)
74
Q

Personality disorders

A

enduring patterns of behavior for which there is no loss of contact with reality or impaired cognition

75
Q

Personality disorders first observed

A

late adolescence or early childhood

76
Q

Personality disorders co-occur with

A

depression and anxiety

77
Q

Personality disorders diagnosis criteria

A

ongoing, inflexible pattern of behavior that is very different from the individual’s culture that causes distress in social or occupational functioning. Affected areas: cognition, affect, impulse control, interpersonal functioning

78
Q

4 Characteristics of Personality Disorders

A
  1. Inflexible and maladaptive response to life events/stress
  2. Serious difficulty in areas of personal and work relationships
  3. Tendency to evoke personal conflict
  4. Tendency to evoke a negative emotional responses from others
79
Q

Risk factors of Personality Disorders

A

Less educated or unemployed
Single or have marital difficulties
Comorbid substance use
May commit nonviolent or violent crimes (sex)

80
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

used by people with personality disorders to “protect” themselves

81
Q

Repression

A

unconscious hiding of uncomfortable thoughts

82
Q

Suppression

A

conscious avoidance of uncomfortable thoughts

83
Q

Regression

A

reverting to patterns of behavior used in earlier development

84
Q

Undoing

A

attempting to “undo” an unhealthy or destructive thought by behaving in an opposite way

85
Q

Splitting

A

inability to incorporate both pos. and neg. aspects of oneself into a whole image (common with borderline personality disorder)

86
Q

Cluster A (Odd and Eccentric)

A
  1. Paranoid
  2. Schizoid
  3. Schizotypal
87
Q

Paranoid personality disorder (A)

A

distrust and suspiciousness
unfounded belief that others want to harm, exploit, or deceive them
Distort things, others trying to trick them

88
Q

Schizoid personality disorder (A)

A

emotional detachment, no interest in close relationships, indifference to praise or criticism, prefers to be alone, shy, uneasy, no psychotic symptoms

89
Q

Schizotypal personality disorder (A)

A

odd beliefs leading to interpersonal difficulties, eccentric appearance, magical thinking or perceptual distortions (not clear hallucinations or delusions). Ideas of reference, bizarre speech, superstitions

90
Q

Cluster B (bouncing ball)

A

dramatic, emotional, or erratic traits

91
Q

Antisocial personality disorder (B)

A

characterized by disregard for others with exploitation, repeated unlawful actions, deceit, and failure to accept personal responsibility (often incarcerated), playboy, no guilt, no rules HANNIBAL LECTOR

92
Q

Borderline personality disorder (B)

A

instability of affect, identity, and fear of abandonment in relationships, splitting behaviors, manipulation, and impulsiveness (food, gambling, spending, substance abuse, unsafe sex). Self-mutilation, suicide.

93
Q

Histrionic personality disorder (B)

A

characterized by emotional attention-seeking, in which the person needs to be the center of attention. Flirtatious, seductive, drama queen, easily influenced by others, emotional

94
Q

Narcissistic personality disorder (B)

A

characterized by arrogance, grandiose views of self-importance, the need for consistent admiration, and a lack of empathy for others. Grandiosity. Tends to use others.

95
Q

Cluster C (Scaredy cat)

A

anxious or fearful traits; insecurity and inadequacy

96
Q

Avoidant personality disorder (C)

A

social inhibition and avoidance of all situations that require interpersonal contact, despite wanting close relationships, due to extreme fear of rejection; often very anxious in social situations (avoids situations where he/she might be criticized or ridiculed). Seen as cold and/or strange.

97
Q

Dependent personality disorder (C)

Most common

A

characterized by extreme dependency in a close relationship with an urgent search to find a replacement when one relationship ends.
Clingy and passive with low self-worth

98
Q

Obsessive/Compulsive personality disorder (C)

A

characterized by perfectionism with a focus on orderliness and control to the extent that the individual may not be able to accomplish a given task. Rigid about rules. Don’t repeat things in a ritual manner like OCD.

99
Q

Self-assessment

A

nurses need to talk about feelings with more experienced nurses

100
Q

Angry, hostile, and aggressive behavior

Nursing interventions

A
  1. Assess non-verbal cues
  2. Be calm and self-assured
  3. Show you care
  4. Be culturally aware
  5. Allow adequate personal space
  6. Encourage to find quiet, safe place
  7. Maintain own safety
  8. Stand sideways (nonthreatening)
  9. Watch exits
  10. Ask for permission before touching
  11. Verbalize pt.’s options
  12. PRN meds
  13. Allow de-escalation rime
  14. Document measures before restraints
101
Q

Manipulative behavior

Nursing interventions

A
  1. Set clear and realistic limits (explain and refuse negotiation)
  2. Set realistic, enforceable consequences
  3. Make sure whole team is aware of limits & agree
  4. Document limits
  5. Entire staff should decide when to discontinue the limit
102
Q

Paranoid behavior

Nursing Interventions

A
  1. Assign only one or two staff
  2. Make brief contact at beginning of shift
  3. Do not make unnecessary demands
  4. Be honest, adhere to stated schedule, and follow through (Build trust)
  5. Don’t touch a patient
  6. Don’t mix meds with food
  7. Supply food in commercially wrapped pkgs
103
Q

Communication strategies

Nursing Interventions

A
  1. Be firm, supportive approach and provide consistent care
  2. Offer realistic choices
  3. Model appropriate behavior
  4. Maintain professional boundaries and communication
  5. Respect the need for social isolation of some clients (safe place)
104
Q

cognitive disorder

A

disruption of thinking, memory, processing, and problem solving (learning and remembering)

105
Q

delirium

A

acute confusion seen by a change in overall cognition and level of consciousness

106
Q

dementia

A

multiple cognitive deficits (especially memory) that tends to be chronic and appear over time

107
Q

aphasia

A

impaired speech

108
Q

anomia

A

difficulty remembering words

109
Q

agraphia

A

inability to understand written language

110
Q

agnosia

A

inability to recognize familiar objects

111
Q

apraxia

A

inability to perform activity even though motor function is intact

112
Q

illusions

A

misinterpretation of reality

113
Q

hallucination

A

seeing or hearing something that is not there

114
Q

delusion

A

belief in a false idea

115
Q

depression

A

may be confused with delirium or dementia
poor personal hygiene, diff. concentrating
Quiet/withdrawn OR agitated
Logical speech, but very negative, hopeless

116
Q

amnestic disorder

A

involves decreased awareness of surroundings, inability to learn new information, inability to recall previously learned info, possible disorientation to place and time. NO personality change. NO impaired cognition.

117
Q

Dementia defense mechanisms

A

to avoid embarrassment

  1. denial
  2. confabulation
  3. perseveration
118
Q

denial

A

refuse to accept the truth

119
Q

confabulation

A

make up stories to fill in gaps in their memories

120
Q

perseveration

A

won’t change their story (repeat same response)

121
Q

JAMCO

A 
helps determine depression vs. delirium vs. dementia
Judgement
Affect/Mood
Memory
Cognition
Orientation
122
Q

Causes of delirium

A

Substance-induced

Physical needs

123
Q

Substance-induced delirium causes

A

withdrawal
intoxication
side effects
elderly - lower metabolism, liver and kidney fx

124
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease causes/risk factors

A 
No known cause or cure
Risks: advanced age
female
prior head injury
family history of Alzheimer's or Down Syndrome
125
Q

Stage 1 Alzheimer’s

A

No impairment

No memory problems

126
Q

Stage 2 Alzheimer’s

A

Very mild cognitive decline

Forgetfullness

127
Q

Stage 3 Alzheimer’s

A

Mild cognitive decline

Misplacing important objects, short-term memory loss, Decreased attention span, Difficulty remembering words or names

128
Q

Stage 4 Alzheimer’s

A

Moderate cognitive decline
Personality change
Obvious memory loss
Difficulty with money and math

129
Q

Stage 5 Alzheimer’s

A

Moderately severe cognitive decline

Inability to recall important details, Can remember who you are and family. Disorientation to time and place

130
Q

Stage 6 Alzheimer’s

A

Severe cognitive decline
Loss of awareness of recent events and surrounding
Knows name, but not personal history
Significant personality changes
Wandering and Incontinence
Abnormal sleep/wake cycles
Violent tendencies with potential to harm self or others

131
Q

Stage 7 Alzheimer’s

A

Very severe cognitive decline
Loss of ability to respond to environment, speak, and control movement, Ataxia, Stupor and coma,
Death frequently by choking or infection

132
Q

Alzheimer’s meds

Cholinesterase inhibitors:

A

Aricept (donepezil)
Exelon (patch)
Razadyne
S/E- N/D, bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, bleeding with NSAIDS

133
Q

Alzheimer’s meds

Calcium channel blocker

A

Namenda (moderate to severe)

S/E - dizziness, headache, confusion, constipation

134
Q

Vascular dementia

A

Caused by vascular disease
Risks-hypertension, hyperlipidemia, DM, alcohol and nicotine abuse
More rapid progression

135
Q

AIDS Dementia Complex

A

Possibly HIV infection of brain
Slow cognition, then incontinence, bed-bound, psychosis, mania. Treat with anti-virals and symptoms (antianxiety, depress, etc.)

136
Q

Dementia nursing interventions

Home

A 
Scatter rugs
Door locks and alarms
Lower water heater temp.
Good lighting
Hand rails
Mattress on floor
Establish routine
Provide support and care for family/caregiver
Power of Attorney/Living will
137
Q

Dementia nursing interventions

Healthcare Setting

A 
Room close to Nurse's station
Low visual/auditory stimuli
Well-lit with windows
PRN meds for anxiety or agitation
Routines with food and fluids
Limit number of choices
Introduce yourself every time
Don't argue or question
Eye contact and short, simple sentences

LPN School (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions