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Cohen money and freedom Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the primary focus of Cohen’s work on money and freedom?

A

The relationship between monetary systems and individual freedoms.

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2
Q

True or False: Cohen argues that money can enhance personal freedom.

A

True

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: According to Cohen, money serves as a ________ for economic transactions.

A

medium of exchange

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4
Q

What are the two main types of money discussed by Cohen?

A

Commodity money and fiat money.

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5
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following does Cohen suggest is a limitation of fiat money?
A) It is universally accepted
B) It can be subject to inflation
C) It is backed by gold
D) It is easy to carry

A

B) It can be subject to inflation

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6
Q

How does Cohen link economic inequality to freedom?

A

He argues that economic inequality restricts access to opportunities, thereby limiting freedom.

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7
Q

True or False: Cohen believes that more money always leads to more freedom.

A

False

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8
Q

What concept does Cohen introduce to discuss the freedom of individuals in economic transactions?

A

Monetary sovereignty.

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: Cohen states that a stable currency is essential for ________ in a society.

A

economic freedom

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10
Q

Multiple Choice: Which factor does Cohen identify as crucial for maintaining a stable monetary system?
A) Government intervention
B) Central bank independence
C) High interest rates
D) Reducing taxes

A

B) Central bank independence

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11
Q

What role does Cohen attribute to central banks in relation to money and freedom?

A

Central banks help regulate the money supply to ensure economic stability and protect individual freedoms.

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12
Q

True or False: Cohen suggests that digital currencies could threaten traditional notions of money.

A

True

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13
Q

What is the significance of the term ‘monetary freedom’ in Cohen’s analysis?

A

It refers to the ability of individuals to use and manage money without excessive government control.

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: Cohen argues that the control of money by the state can lead to a loss of ________ for citizens.

A

freedom

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15
Q

Multiple Choice: In Cohen’s view, what is a potential benefit of cryptocurrency?
A) It is always stable
B) It allows for anonymous transactions
C) It is regulated by governments
D) It has no transaction fees

A

B) It allows for anonymous transactions

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16
Q

What does Cohen identify as a challenge to economic freedom in modern societies?

A

The rise of surveillance capitalism and data privacy concerns.

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17
Q

True or False: Cohen believes that financial literacy is important for achieving economic freedom.

A

True

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18
Q

What is one way Cohen suggests that individuals can increase their economic freedom?

A

By gaining knowledge and skills related to financial management.

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19
Q

Fill in the blank: According to Cohen, the ability to access credit can enhance an individual’s ________.

A

economic opportunities

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20
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following does Cohen argue is a barrier to financial inclusion?
A) High levels of savings
B) Low interest rates
C) Discrimination in lending practices
D) Increased access to technology

A

C) Discrimination in lending practices

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21
Q

What is the relationship between social capital and economic freedom as discussed by Cohen?

A

Social capital facilitates trust and cooperation, which can enhance economic freedom.

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22
Q

True or False: Cohen advocates for a complete withdrawal of government from monetary systems.

A

False

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23
Q

What does Cohen suggest is a necessary condition for true economic freedom?

A

A fair and transparent monetary system.

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24
Q

What is the political goal regarding inequality?

A

Virtually every society aims to eliminate forms of inequality.

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25
What is the author's view on the reasons for favoring equality?
The reasons are diverse and often trace back to fundamental values other than equality itself.
26
What is substantive equality?
It is the idea that people's lives or fates should be equal in some substantive way, such as income or overall welfare.
27
How does the author contrast substantive equality with formal equality?
Substantive equality concerns actual conditions of life, while formal equality is about equal respect for comparable claims.
28
What is the first reason for favoring the elimination of inequalities?
A humanitarian concern to alleviate suffering.
29
What does the author say about the gap between rich and poor?
The gap is important only as it provides an opportunity to reduce suffering without causing new hardships.
30
What is the second reason for opposing inequalities?
Inequalities give some people an unacceptable degree of control over the lives of others.
31
What is the third reason for pursuing equality?
Some forms of equality are essential preconditions for the fairness of certain processes.
32
What does the idea of equality of opportunity imply?
It suggests that inequalities are objectionable when they undermine the fairness of important institutions.
33
What is the fourth reason for objecting to inequalities?
Large inequalities can lead to feelings of inferiority among those who are worse off.
34
What is the fifth reason for pursuing equality?
To ensure fairness in the distribution of benefits among participants in a cooperative enterprise.
35
What is the author's view on the state's role in promoting equality?
The state should respond to the equal claims to welfare of all its subjects.
36
What is the 'parental' conception of the state?
It views the state as having an equal duty to promote the welfare of all citizens.
37
What is the distinction made regarding claims to benefits?
Claims to benefits may be equal or proportional to contributions, depending on the view of social institutions.
38
What are the five identified reasons for pursuing greater equality?
1. Relieve suffering or severe deprivation 2. Prevent stigmatizing differences in status 3. Avoid unacceptable forms of power or domination 4. Preserve fairness in processes 5. Ensure equal claims to benefits.
39
What is the relationship between contributions and claims to products in mutual benefit undertakings?
The claims of participants to their products are not equal but proportional to their contributions.
40
What are the five reasons for pursuing greater equality?
1. Relieve suffering or severe deprivation 2. Prevent stigmatizing differences in status 3. Avoid unacceptable forms of power or domination 4. Preserve the equality of starting places required by procedural fairness 5. Procedural fairness sometimes supports a case for equality of outcomes.
41
Which reasons for pursuing equality are based on powerful moral ideas?
Reasons (1) and (3) are based on powerful moral ideas that are not fundamentally egalitarian.
42
What does reason (4) suggest about procedural fairness?
Reason (4) suggests that procedural fairness requires equality of starting places, but it is only weakly egalitarian.
43
What is the main possibility omitted regarding reasons for favoring equality?
The straightforward moral ideal of substantive equality, which posits that a society where people are equally well-off is morally better.
44
How does Rawls's Difference Principle relate to the reasons for pursuing equality?
Rawls's Difference Principle appeals to reasons (4) and (5), emphasizing equality of starting points and equal outputs as fair modes of distribution.
45
What are the two steps in the argument for the Difference Principle?
1. The prima facie case for equal shares as a fair way to distribute the fruits of cooperation. 2. Departures from equality that leave everyone better off cannot reasonably be objected to under certain conditions.
46
What does the first category of experiential evil emphasize?
The first category emphasizes damage to individuals' sense of self-worth, such as feelings of inferiority and shame.
47
What does the second category of experiential evil emphasize?
The second category emphasizes damage to the bonds between people, which can result from great differences in material circumstances.
48
How might institutions cause feelings of inferiority?
Institutions might deprive some people of basic rights, express views of inferiority through treatment, or create disparities that lead to feelings of shame.
49
What is the significance of preserving equality of starting positions?
Preserving equality of starting positions is essential for ensuring procedural fairness and preventing unacceptable power dynamics.
50
What is Walzer's concept of 'complex equality'?
Walzer advocates that inequalities in wealth, power, fame, and other goods are acceptable as long as each good is distributed on appropriate grounds, without one dominating the others.
51
What is the doctrine of 'spheres' in relation to complex equality?
The doctrine of 'spheres' allows one good to dominate others, such as when wealth is used to buy power, fame, or medical care.
52
What criticism is associated with the doctrine of 'spheres'?
It has been widely criticized for denying that there are general standards of justice that every society must satisfy.
53
How can complex equality be viewed positively?
It can be seen as a way to mitigate the conflict between protecting self-worth and recognizing differences in ability and accomplishment.
54
What is the proposed solution to the problem of self-worth in relation to inequality?
The solution is to foster a healthy multiplicity of distinctions to ensure that no one or few dominate others.
55
What is Rawls' idea of noncomparing groups?
Rawls suggests that inequalities are justified if they satisfy principles of justice and fair equality of opportunity.
56
What concern does Rawls address with noncomparing groups?
He addresses the concern for the maintenance of self-worth and self-respect in the face of inequalities.
57
What is the second strategy proposed to mitigate threats to self-worth?
Diversification, where many forms of accomplishment and distinction exist without one dominating.
58
How does Michael Walzer's view relate to inequality?
Walzer suggests that if inequalities are confined to their own 'spheres', they may cancel each other out and be acceptable.
59
What is the motivational strength behind opposing inequality?
The instinct to preserve self-esteem and oppose threats to it is a powerful force supporting struggles for greater equality.
60
What should a regime of equality protect against?
It should protect its members against reasonable and undeserved feelings of loss of self-esteem.
61
What are the basic moral values associated with equality?
Relief of suffering, avoidance of stigmatizing differences, prevention of domination, and preservation of procedural fairness.
62
What central issues does Carlos Nino's work address?
Nino discusses the philosophical theory of punishment and its relevance to building a legal order that preserves the rule of law.
63
What is the focus of philosophical reflection on punishment?
It focuses on the justification for punishment and the limits on its legitimate application.
64
What does Nino's article 'A Consensual Theory of Punishment' aim to achieve?
It aims to justify criminal penalties without relying solely on deterrent effects.
65
What are the four ways theoretical reflection on punishment bears on practical problems?
1. Grounds for prohibition against retroactive punishment. 2. State of mind required for legal guilt. 3. Permissibility of selective punishment.

philosophy (1 decks)

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