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Immuno E2 > ColbyJack > Flashcards

ColbyJack Flashcards

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1
Q

In order for T helper and CTLs to function they must

be activated. T/F?

A

True

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2
Q

Which major histocompatibility complex protein is presents antigen to activate T helper cells?

A

MHC II

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3
Q

Which major histocompatibility complex protein is presents antigen to activate killer T cells?

A

MHC I

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4
Q

What type of cells are associated with MHC I?

A

CD8 (killer cells)

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5
Q

What type of cells are associated with MHC II?

A

CD4 (helper cells)

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6
Q

Infected antigen presenting cells displaying viral protein on MHC I function to activate primarily what type of cells?

A

CTLs (killers)

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7
Q

What is the general function of CD3?

A

it is a signaling protein to the nucleus

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8
Q

What is the function of CD3 in a T cell receptor?

A

intracellular signaling

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9
Q

Traditional T cells express what receptors?

A

αβ = alpha beta (95%)

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10
Q

Non-traditional T cells express what receptors?

A

γδ = gamma delta (5%)

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11
Q

What T cell co-receptor is associated with CTLs and functions to strengthen attachment of the TCR to MHC?

A

CD8

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12
Q

Immature T (double +) cells in the thymus only express CD3. T/F?

A

False; Immature T cells only express CD4 and CD8 cells

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13
Q

Double + cells make up what percentage of immature T cells?

A

80%

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14
Q

What allows experienced T cells to reactivate without co stimulation?

A

maintenance of lipid(cholesterol) rafts

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15
Q

Th2 bias is normally geared for what type of ‘attack’?

A

Parasitic attack in GI tract

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16
Q

Th1 is more prevalent for what type of conditions?

A

viral or bacterial tract

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17
Q

Th2 is more prevalent for what type of conditions?

A

asthma and allergies

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18
Q

Th17 is more prevalent for what type of conditions?

A

fungal attack and some extracellular bacteria

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19
Q

Besides a Fas ligand on its cell surface, how else can a CTL kill its target?

A

Perforin/granzyme B

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20
Q

What are the primary lymphoid organs?

A

bone marrow and thymus

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21
Q

What are the secondary lymphoid organs?

A

lymph nodes, spleen, and MALT (mucosal associated lymphoid tissue - ex.-> Peyers Patches)

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22
Q

What phrase best describes a primary lymphoid follicle?

A

“an island of follicular dendritic cells in a sea of B cells”

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23
Q

Follicular dendritic cells have receptors that bind what 2 things?

A

FDCs have receptors that bind to:

  • Fc region of antibodies
  • complement proteins
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24
Q

What is characteristic of the antigen that follicular dendritic cells catch and display to B cells?

A

it’s opsonized

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25
In a lymph node, proliferating B cells are associated with what region by doing what?
assc. with GERMINAL CENTERS by pushing aside other B cells and creating a dark zone
26
Lymphocytes leave the blood and enter the lymph node via what structure?
High Endothelial Venules (HEV)
27
All secondary lymphoid organs have afferent lymph vessels. T/F?
False
28
ALL secondary lymphoid organs have what?
lymphoid follicles
29
What area in a lymph node is lined with macrophages?
Marginal sinus/sub-capsular sinus
30
What area in a lymph node is the 'B cell area'?
Cortex
31
What area in a lymph node is the 'T cell area'?
Paracortex
32
The total flow to the spleen per minute consists of 3⁄4 blood flow and 1⁄4 lymph flow. T/F?
False; no lymph enters the spleen, only leaving
33
M cells in Peyer’s patches function to uptake antigen from the GI tract. T/F?
True
34
Experienced T cell trafficking which restricts them from certain areas depends on what factor?
Expression of certain adhesion molecules
35
What interleukin from inducible regulator T cells (iTreg) binds to receptors on T cells and blocks co- stimulatory signals normally mediated by CD28?
IL-10
36
Why do “mothers kiss their babies”?
IgA antibodies in breast milk specific for babies | pathogens
37
What receptor produced by experienced (old) T cells when bound with B7 makes it harder for these T cells to reactivate?
CTLA-4
38
Early in an infection, B7 binds to ____ and acts as a co- stimulator signal.
CD28
39
How long is the lifespan of most immune cells? Memory cells?
immune cells - a few days to a few weeks | memory cells - relatively long lifespan
40
When B7 binds to CD 28, it sends what type of signal?
a activation signal
41
When B7 binds to CTLA-4, it sends what type of signal?
a deactivation signal
42
Does B7 or CD28 have a greater affinity for CTLA-4?
B7
43
What is the negative test maturing T cells must pass in the thymus?
Must not recognize self peptides
44
What kind of tests are done in the thymus?
positive test- in the cortex | negative test- in the medulla
45
A 'positive test' is associate with what?
double positive
46
A 'negative test' is associated with what?
single positive
47
What thymic cells are associated with positive selection test of T cells?
Cortical thymic epithelial cells
48
What thymic cells are associated with negative selection test of T cells?
- Thymic dendritic cells | - Medullary thymic epithelial cells
49
What percentage of maturing T cells pass both selection tests in the thymus and migrate to lymph nodes?
5% (1/30)
50
If aberrant T cell escapes deletion in the thymus, what is a common fate of that cell?
Activation induced cell death
51
If aberrant T cell escapes deletion in the thymus, what is a rare fate of that cell?
Causes autoimmune disease
52
Which immune cell memory is changeable, depends on what the individual is exposed to and no two people are identical with respect to this type of memory?
Adaptive
53
Which immune cell memory is static (does not update) and all humans have essentially the same amount, hardwired from birth?
Innate
54
What cell replaces long-lived plasma cells that die from old age?
Central memory B cells
55
What cell travels to bone marrow/spleen and produces LOTS of antibodies?
Short-lived plasma cells
56
What cells travel to/takes up residence in the bone marrow, produce modest amounts of antibodies, and provide life-long antibody protection?
Long-lived plasma cells
57
During subsequent attacks, central memory T cells are slow to activate, which protects the body from an abnormally robust response, and helps protect against autoimmune disease. T/F?
False (central memory T cells are FAST to activate)
58
During a subsequent attack, how do the symptoms compare to the initial attack?
Lesser than initial attack (due to quick response)
59
What process can fine tune memory cell’s BCR increasing affinity to its cognant antigen?
Somatic hypermutation
60
No two people have the same innate memory. T/F?
False (everyone has the same hardwired innate memory...no two people would have the same ADAPTIVE memory)
61
Both memory B and T cells are easier to activate in subsequent attacks. T/F?
True
62
Which memory cells are inactive?
Memory T cells
63
During the course of an attack, B cells can change the class of antibodies they produce? T/F?
True, especially with T cell help (class switching)
64
Innate memory is primarily based on what?
Pattern recognition receptors
65
People who are prone to allergies and asthma typically have what type of Th bias?
Th2

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