cold environments

Question 1

trans-alaska pipeline

Answer 1

• built to transport oil from Prudhoe Bay to the north coast in 1969
• raised pipelines: caribou can migrate under, avoid melting permafrost, minimise damage on landscapes such as rivers
• can slide and is supported in case it leaks due to an earthquake

Question 2

US government

Answer 2

• national environmental policy act ensures companies involved with oil extraction respect the natural environment and rights of Alaskan people
• creation of the Western arctic reserve: protects 9 million hectares of wildlife, and oil drilling kept away from sensitive areas