Cold War Flashcards
(43 cards)
Main parts about Tehran 1943 (Nov-Dec)
- Agreed about spheres of influence after the war
- Western allies agreed to launch attack on Germany from the West (D-Day)
Main parts about Yalta 1945 (Feb)
-Mostly agreements to do with what happens after the war
-Russia to help US defeat Japan
Work for ‘democracy’ in Europe. Set up UN
-Disagreed about definition of democracy
Main parts about Potsdam 1945 (Jul-Aug)
- Mostly agreements to do with Germany Ban -Nazi party and prosecute war criminals
- Reduce size of Germany
- Divide Germany and Berlin into 4 zones (USSR, Britain, France, USA)
What were the key features of the marshall plan?
- The USA gave $13 billion in ‘Marshall aid’ to 16 Western European countries
- The USSR criticised the Marshall Plan as an attack on them
What were the key features about the Truman doctrine?
-USA had to stop the spread of Communism
-To do this it should provide troops and money
to countries in danger of communist takeovers
What was the effects of trizonia?
- Led to the formation of East and West Germany
- Led to the Berlin Blockade
What were the key features of the Berlin Blockade 1948-49?
- The USSR blocked all supplies to Berlin to show it had the power to stop Germany from working
- The USA, couldn’t pull out of Berlin or it would look weak so instead it responded with an airlift
What was the aim of cominform?
To control Communist Parties and ensure loyalty of Eastern European governments
What was the aim of comecon (1949)?
To encourage economic development of Eastern Europe (Stalin’s answer to the Marshall Plan)
What was the impact of the Berlin blockade on the USA?
- Made US look peaceful and generous
- US took more agressive stance against USSR
What was the impact of the Berlin Blockade on the USSR?
- Made USSR look agressive and threatening
- Problem of western presence in Berlin not solved.
What was the ‘Iron Curtain’ (1946) speech and its effects?
- Churchill implies Communism is a threat to Europe
- Greater tensions between West and the East.
What was the effect of the Long and Noviak telegrams (1946)?
Confirmed distrust between the West and the East
What is NATO?
NATO is a defensive alliance set up between Western Countries in 1949 to counter Soviet millitary threat.
What was the Warsaw pact?
In response to West Germany joining NATO the Warsaw pact was set up in 1955. It consisted of the USSR and other E.European countries.
What was De-Stalinistation?
Stalin died in 1953 and Russia’s new leader Khrushchev promised a more liberal and less oppressive approach to ruling USSR
What caused the Hungarian uprising(1956)?
De-Stalinisation and Khrushchev’s ‘Secret Speech’ gave Hungarians hope that there would be reform in Hungary.
What were the key features of the Hungarian uprising(1956)?
- Khrushchev made Imre Nagy Prime Minister,
- Nagy then announced he wanted to leave the Warsaw Pact
- This led to Khrushchev sending in 200,000 troops and 1,000 tanks.
What were the effects of the Hungarian Uprising(1956)?
- USA condemned the invasion.
- Showed West wouldn’t get involved with helping satellite states break free.
- Sent strong message to countries that were thinking of leaving.
What was the cause of the Berlin wall?
It was to stop the Refugee crisis where people of high inteligence would move to west Germany.
How was the Berlin wall a sucess to Khrushchev?
- It allowed Khrushchev to avoid war with the USA but still look strong.
- Stopped refugee crisis.
How was the Berlin wall unsuccessful to Khrushchev?
- Unable to force the West out of Berlin.
- Humiliation to the soviets
How was the Berlin wall a sucess to Kennedy?
- Avoided war
- Propaganda victory
How was the Berlin wall unsuccessful to Kennedy?
- Limited freedom to the American people looked a bit weak.
