Cold War 13 Flashcards
End of the Cold War (42 cards)
When did Gorbachev become the leader of the USSR?
March 1985
What was the USSR’s budget deficit in 1988?
13%
In 1982 what percentage of Soviet spending was on the military?
25%
In 1982 what percentage of American spending was on the military?
7%
What was the economic cost of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster for the USSR?
$235 billion
What was Gorbachev’s policy of perestroika?
Allowing social and economic development
When did Gorbachev end state price controls?
1986
When was the Law on Joint Ventures and what did it do?
1987 - allowed for up to a 49% foreign ownership of businesses in the USSR
What was Gorbachev’s policy of glastnost?
Allowing residents of the USSR to voice their opinions on politics
What was included in Glastnost?
1) Relaxed censorship
2) Political dissident Andrei Sakharov was allowed to return to
Moscow in 1986
3) Congress of People debates broadcast with members criticising
the KGB and past Soviet leaders
When did Afghanistan end?
1989
What were the effects of Afghanistan on the USSR?
A $70 billion loss and 15,000 dead soldiers
When was the second Geneva Summit?
November 1985
What happened at the 1985 Geneva Summit?
1) A general agreement the US and USSR would cut nuclear weapons
by 50%
2) Discussed further ending of nuclear proliferation
3) SDI still a major issue
When was the Reykjavik Summit?
October 1986
What happened at the 1986 Reykjavik Summit?
1) No concrete agreements on arms reductions
2) Gorbachev urged Reagan to drop SDI
3) Reagan refused to drop SDI
4) Positive relationship maintained
When was the Washington Summit?
December 1987
What happened at the 1987 Washington Summit?
1) INF treaty signed (ended use of all ICBMs and Cruise missiles)
2) Allowed each side to verify destruction of nuclear arms
3) Gorbachev would withdraw troops from Afghanistan
How many nukes were destroyed as a result of the 1987 INF Treaty?
The US destroyed 846 - The USSR destroyed 1846
When was the Moscow Summit?
May - June 1988
What happened at the Moscow Summit?
1) 7 agreements signed focusing on cultural exchange and human
rights (including fishing rights and student exchange)
2) Goal to agree START
3) Failed to agree on START
4) Clear relationship had greatly improved
When was George H.W. Bush elected?
November 1988
Who was George Schultz?
US Secretary of State and framer of the IMF Treaty
Who was Eduard Shevardnadze?
Soviet foreign minister
