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Cold war Flashcards

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1
Q

Why does the Cold War exist

A

USA and Russia have opposing views, or capitalism and communism do not mix (quote by Stalin)

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2
Q

When is the Yalta Conference and where

A

February 1945 in Yalta, USSR

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3
Q

What are the major points of the Yalta Conference

A

What are the allies going to do with germany and buffer zone

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4
Q

When is the UN created

A

June 1945

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5
Q

Who is at the Yalta conference

A

Stalin, Churchill, roosevelt

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6
Q

What is a buffer zone

A

If people want to attack USSR, Stalin can prepare because attackers have to go through other countries first

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7
Q

What are the satellite nations

A

Eastern European countries in the buffer zone

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8
Q

When and where is the Potsdam conference

A

July-August 1945 in Germany

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9
Q

Who is at the Potsdam conference and what is discussed

A

Leaders of UK, USA, USSR, and France. They divide parts of Germany between themselves

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10
Q

Which countries did Stalin occupy and what happened to their governments

A

Bulgaria, Poland, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary. The governments of these countries turned communist

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11
Q

Why did the Cold War start

A

The US wants to stop the spread of communism and instead spread democracy

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12
Q

What famous quote is said by Churchill

A

“An iron curtain has descended across the continent”

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13
Q

Iron curtain

A

A division in Europe between USSR and other countries

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14
Q

When is the Truman doctrine and what does it state

A

1947, it states that US will support countries that reject communism by giving them money so those countries continue to reject communism

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15
Q

East vs West europe

A

East is communist and west is democratic or non-communist

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16
Q

Containment

A

US wants to contain communism wherever it is and do everything in their power to not let it spread

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17
Q

What is the US’ biggest fear about communism

A

That it will spread to them

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18
Q

What are the types of countries that might turn to communism

A

Struggling, lower class, bad economic state

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19
Q

What is the Marshall plan

A

Created by the US to help EUROPEAN nations with anything they need so they continue to reject communism

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20
Q

What is the first major event of the Cold War and when

A

The Berlin Blockade 1948/49

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21
Q

Why is the Berlin blockade created

A

Stalin creates the Berlin blockade by shutting down Berlin so supplies from the Allies cannot get in

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22
Q

What does NATO stand for

A

North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 1949

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23
Q

What does NATO defense alliance say

A

If a NATO country is attacked, other NATO countries will aid them

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24
Q

Who is the Allied commander during the Korean War

A

Douglas MacArthur

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25
What is the political division between Korea
The north has soviet influence and the south has American influence
26
Where is Korea divided at
The 38 degree north latitude line
27
Who controls North Korea during the Korean war
Kim Il Sung
28
What does Kim Il Sung do to South Korea
He invades it
29
Who helps South Korea
UN and US and sends soldiers
30
How far does Douglas MacArthur push North Korea
To china’s border
31
Who is the leader of communist china
Mao Zedong
32
Why does China get involved in the Korean War
They feel threatened by the American troops
33
What does the Korean War turn into
A fight between China and US
34
How long does the Korean War last
1950-1953
35
What does Eisenhower do to MacArthur at the end of the Korean War
He fires him because MacArthur was warned about China but did not listen
36
When does Stalin die
1953
37
Who succeeds Stalin
Nikita Khrushchev
38
What major changes does Khrushchev do to the USSR
Secret police under control of party, destalinization, and closed down forced labor camps
39
Destalinization
Trying to take away Stalin’s ideologies and policies in the Soviet Union
40
Why is rule by an absolute dictator over in USSR
Many powerful leaders needed each other as allies
41
Which two satellite nations cause problems for the Soviet Union
East Germany and Hungary. EG rioted for their hatred of the government and Hungary had a reform movement
42
Politburo
Ruling body of USSR that controls the government and can take the leader out of power at any time
43
Stasi
German secret police who got people to spy for them
44
Why do the satellite nations want change in their countries
they see the Marshall plan in western europe
45
Why is the Berlin Wall created and how
It was a wall around West Berlin so no east berliners could go in (1961)
46
Death strip
Houses destroyed, watchtowers and tanks, and a bare strip of land with sand and gravel was put in place to detect East berliners trying to escape. Even if east berliners were feet away from the border, west Berliners did not help them in fear of being shot
47
Checkpoint charlie
The only gateway were east Germany allowed allied diplomats, military personnel, and tourists. Most popular place was eagle cafe
48
Who escaped by hot air balloon
Peter Stretcyzk, Gunter Wetzel, and their wives and kids escaped near Naila
49
Why did Khrushchev and Ulbricht disagree
They disagreed about building the Berlin wall
50
Escape by tunnel
A group of students built a tunnel to help friends and family escape. The code word was Tokyo and it was later called Tunnel 57 because 57 people escaped in 2 nights
51
Escape by tank
Wolfgang Engels was an East German soldier who stole an APC tank and drove it through the wall. It didn’t fully go through so he was shot twice while trying to free himself but he was saved by west Berliners and recovered in a hospital
52
Escape by convertible
Meixner meets an east Berlin woman and they fall in love. He rented a convertible to help her and her family escape. When he reached the wall, he gave the German soldiers his passport and floored his accelerator, ducked, and was able to make it into west berlin
53
First world countries
USA and allies
54
Second world countries
USSR, NK and allies
55
Third world countries
Developing nations that are not aligned with either superpower
56
Who is the Cuban leader in the 1950s
Fulgencio Batista
57
What is the relationship between US and Cuba during Batista’s leadership
They are close with one another because US had lots of money in sugar from Cuba
58
What is the relationship between Batista and his people
Cubans don’t like him because he’s a bad leader
59
When is the Cuban Revolution
1959
60
Who takes over after Batista
Fidel Castro
61
What happens to Cuba when Castro takes over
The government controls industry and Cuba no longer has a close relationship with the US
62
When and what is the Bay of Pigs
1961, it was a counter-revolution to kick Castro out and put Batista back in
63
Why did the US think the Bay of Pigs would be successful
They had just put the Shah back in in Iran
64
Who does Castro team up with
USSR
65
Who is the president during the Bay of Pigs
JFK
66
When is the Cuban Missile Crisis
1962
67
How does the US find out about Cuba’s 42 missile sites
They flew a U2 over Cuba
68
Why does JFK panic about the missile sites
They were placed by the Soviets and the soviets could attack any states that were east of the Mississippi river
69
What does JFK create around Cuba
A naval blockade
70
What is the 13 day missile crisis
Everyone thinks there will be nuclear war, at the end JFK and Khrushchev stand down
71
What is MAD
Mutually assured destruction
72
What condition does Khrushchev have to follow at the end of the Cuban missile crisis
He has to take down all missiles in Cuba so the US is no longer threatened
73
What condition does JFK have to follow at the end of the Cuban missile crisis
He has to take down missiles in Turkey and promise to never invade Cuba again
74
Khruschev’s problem in rift between USSR and communist China
Politburo saw Khrushchev as weak because he did not make a relationship with Mao Zedong
75
Khruschev’s problem in handling of trouble in satellite nations
Politburo saw Khrushchev as weak when East Germany and Hungary revolted
76
Khruschev’s problem in the Cuban missile crisis
Politburo sees Khrushchev as weak for talking and handling the Cuban missile crisis with Kennedy

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