Cold War Flashcards

Question

why did the cold war develop?

Answer 1

-arms race -communist/capitalists have ideological differences -division of Germany -placement of Berlin in terms of how Germany was split- it was in the Soviet zone -Berlin Blockade Stalin feeling threatened by West -Buffer zone creation

Answer 2

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation an organisation to prevent soviet expansion , which stalin Saw as aggressive. NATO’s purpose is to guarantee the freedom and security of its members through political and military means.

Answer 3

to protect Western Europe from a potential Soviet attack to resist the spread of Communism to Western Europe to provide for a system of collective security to strengthen the American military presence in Europe to ensure that smaller member countries would be less vulnerable to Soviet influence or attack to make good on the Truman doctrine, which stated that the US would resist the spread of Communism the Berlin blockade seemed to indicate a new aggressive intent from the Soviets and NATO was established to try and counter this

Answer 4

The US committed to defending Western Europe. Stalin believed it was against the Soviet Union. Intensifies the arms race The Soviets created the Warsaw Pact 1955- military treaty of Soviet states. The US set up missile bases in Western Europe-including the UK.

Answer 5

Eastern version of NATO, the communists against the West (capitalists)

Answer 6

Arms race (to build missiles) causes competition NATO/Warsaw pact created 2 alliance systems Events in Korea the country is split into communist half and capitalist half Events in China - the fall into communism in 49, meaning that Asia is turning communist, the Soviets now have a powerful ally McCarthyism,

Answer 7

McCarthyism, hunting out suspected communists in America to stop spread of communism

Answer 8

China fell into communist hands it was now a very powerful ally on the Soviet side (east) its fall contributed to the spread of communism in Asia, which was also a threat to the West.

Answer 9

after ww2 korea was split in two, by the Soviet Union and the US made the capitalist West more aware of the spread of communism.

Answer 10

the tension at the split caused North Korean Peoples army to invade south korea. they were confident they could take over south korea they wanted to communize all of korea

Answer 11

in July 1953, the Korean War came to an end & an armistice agreed to.

Answer 12

Western clothes were not allowed Small things were seen as threats to the communists Hungary’s economy was dying They spent all their money on armaments People didn't have a lot of freedom Propaganda was put out to say that people weren't struggling when they actually were.

Answer 13

The Soviet Union has invaded Hungary because it drove the Nazi forces back to Germany. Soviet troops continued to occupy Hungary even after the war was over. The government forcibly became communist.

Answer 14

Matyas Rakosi became PM and imposed Soviet Rule. Rakosi kept control through brute force, purging people who disagree with him and imprisoning political opponents. The secret police spied on the common people and religion and religious education was banned.

Answer 15

The Hungarian economy was controlled by the Soviets, Hungary couldn't trade with the West or receive Marshall Aid. Hungary now had to trade unevenly and unfairly with the Soviet Union, meaning the exports were not priced fairly. Living standards fell.

Answer 16

7000 soviets killed 3,000 Hungarians killed 200,000 Hungarians fled to Austria USA and Britain condemned the attack Soviets remained in control of Hungary Sent a message to all other warsaw pact countries

Answer 17

1. a new East German labour law, which stopped workers from going on strike, had led to growing unrest in the factories. 2. Agriculture reforms had led to higher prices and food shortages. 3. Mass exodus of refugees fleeing to the West. (In the six months up to June 1961,103,000 East Germans had fled through Berlin.) 4. in June 1961 Khrushchev raised tensions by threatening to end the existing Four power agreements guaranteeing American, British, and French rights to access West Berlin. 5. President Kennedy asked Congress for an additional $3 billion to increase America’s armed forces. 6. The Soviets accused the West of using West Berlin to spy on them. 7. In August 1961 the East German government took the decision to close the border between East and West Berlin. 8. East German troops and workers had begun to tear up streets running alongside the barrier to make them impassable to most vehicles, and to install barbed wire entanglements and fences around the three western sectors 9. East Germans then started building a wall to separate the east and west of the city.

Answer 18

It was very hard for people to escape from east to west germany. Lots of people lost their lives by the dangerous ways that they tried to escape; tunnelling, climbing, jumping out of windows. Families on different sides of the wall were split up and it was hard to visit due to the travel and entry restrictions.

Answer 19

The Soviets were being threatened by the US, and in turn threatened the US back. This created a real possibility of conflict for the Soviets and it was only avoided by Kennedy’s efforts to reconcile the US and the USSR.

Answer 20

There was a lot of tension created. The sides did various tactical moves that provoked the other side, such as placing tanks, and protesting the placement of Soviet guards on patrol by the wall.

Answer 21

When Castro took over a communist government was set up The missiles in cuba could hit any city Americans refused to buy Cuban sugar, so Soviets bought it instead. The failure of the Bay Of Pigs left the communists in power The missiles would be fully active by November. Kennedy was a new and inexperienced president. (so Kruschev thought it was a good time to act)

Answer 22

the us trained exiled cubans to try and take down castro it failed because the Cubans already knew about the invasion before it started so they knew to stop it

Answer 23

meant that the Cubans were struggling to survive. They needed a new trading partner and Castro feared a new attack from the USA. He looked to the USSR, who were willing to provide assistance.

Answer 24

invasion of Cuba blockade of Cuba to stop more deliveries from the USSR airstrikes against the missile bases no action

Answer 25

there was a desire to improve relations between the USA and USSR because of how close the world had come to nuclear war during the Cuban Missile Crisis The U.S. missiles were removed from turkey Khrushchev was removed from power as he appeared to have achieved nothing

Answer 26

North Vietnam was a communist republic led by Ho Chi Minh. South Vietnam was a capitalist republic led by Ngo Dinh Diem.

Answer 27

Valuable resources trade would be lost Truman doctrine Domino theory Attack on the Maddox Weakness of South Vietnam (Diem) / civil war Geneva Agreement- split Vietnam in two

Answer 28

tin, rubber & petroleum They would lose the trade with Vietnam if it was communist.

Answer 29

south vietnam (communist) was trying to take over north vietnam and this would cause more spread of communism

Answer 30

the Treaty of Geneva (1954) agreed that the French would leave Vietnam and the country would be split until elections could be held. The elections were never held and the country remained divided: North Vietnam was a communist republic led by Ho Chi Minh. South Vietnam was a capitalist republic led by Ngo Dinh Diem.

Answer 31

Many of the South Vietnamese people supported Ho Chi Minh as they were unhappy with Ngo Dinh Diem. War broke out between the North and South. From 1958 onwards, the South came under increasing attacks from communists in South Vietnam itself. They were called the National Liberation Front (NLF).

Answer 32

The US claimed that their warship was fired on by communists from North Vietnam they used it as an excuse to send troops into Vietnam.

Answer 33

the belief that if one country fell to communism, it was likely that the neighbouring one would also fall The USA was afraid that communism would spread to South Vietnam and then the rest of Asia. It decided to send money, supplies and military advisers to help the South Vietnamese Government.

Answer 34

in the Truman doctrine the us had stated that they would try to contain communism so they had to follow through.

Answer 35

-strategic hamlet -operation rolling thunder -chemical attacks - Napalm/Agent Orange -search and destroy -vietnamisation

Answer 36

The Vietnamese Communists, or Vietcong, were the military branch of the National Liberation Front (NLF) and were trying to make all of vietnam communist

Answer 37

U.S troops fortified Vietnamese villages. This was to stop the peasants from helping the Vietcong.

Answer 38

B52 Bombers were used to drop bombs on targets in North Vietnam. First they targeted military sites and then towns and cities. The operation was due to last only 8 weeks but it instead went on for 3 and a half years. Many in the north turned against the Americans for this bombing campaign.

Answer 39

Napalm - a highly explosive bomb filled with a gelling agent that would explode at temperatures up to 80 degrees celsius. Would cause burns penetrating to the bone Agent orange - Weed Killer that planes would spray down to defoliate the jungle and flush out the Vietcong. This then got into the soil in the water and caused the deformation of many Vietnamese children.

Answer 40

Also known as zippo raids. General Westmoreland was in charge of these. Us soldiers were helicopters into particular villages. They would search for Vietcong, and after they would burn the villages to the ground to stop any Vietcong from returning.

Answer 41

The gradual withdrawal of US troops from South Vietnam. An increase in the number of South Vietnamese troops to replace the US forces. The Nixon Doctrine, which was a promise to supply US military equipment to support the South Vietnamese troops.

Answer 42

-guerilla warfare -support from peasants -tunnels and traps -ho chi minh trail as transport

Answer 43

-retreating when the enemy attacked -raiding enemy camps -attacking when the enemy tires -pursuing the enemy when they retreat -using knowledge of the landscape -avoiding pitch battle

Answer 44

the peasants helped the vietcong as they opposed the us's harsh tactics (chemical attacks, aerial warfare)

Answer 45

It was difficult for American troops to know who was a Vietcong and who was not. peasants would hide and protect the vietcong from the us soldiers

Answer 46

These tunnel systems could hide thousands of Vietcong they had hidden storage hidden hospitals helped them avoid pitch battle

Answer 47

the americans had brute weapons that were no use against the traps the tunnels were ooby trapped and the US soldiers trying to sneak in wouldnt know where the traps were, catching the off guard.

Answer 48

Trail went from the north through Laos & Cambodia into South Vietnam. Trail could be used to infiltrate the south. The Vietcong could use the trail to move from north to south. Also send supplies along the route Hard for the US to attack as it went through two other countries.

Answer 49

Vietcong changed tactics from their usual guerilla warfare strategy my lai massacre They took control of parts of Saigon and other cities, having most success in Vietnam's ancient capital, Hue The Vietcong did not hold onto any of the territory gained for long. They suffered many casualties and the Tet Offensive was a military defeat for them.

Answer 50

- it was a turning point -the loss of life of American soldiers -showed the vietcong's determination : many Americans thought they could not win a war against such a dedicated and widespread enemy.

Answer 51

Lieutenant Calley and his platoon wiped out the village of My Lai killing at least 347 men, women, children and babies. Some of the women had been raped first. The US military tried to keep news of the massacre quiet.

Answer 52

My Lai shocked US public opinion. It was the clearest evidence that the war was going wrong

Answer 53

media coverage Opposition to support for the South Vietnamese Government Opposition to the 'Draft' Opposition from Civil Rights Movement feeling unwanted

Answer 54

This was the first televised war. It was vividly reported by journalists many Americans were horrified and turned against the war.

Answer 55

The South Vietnamese Government, which the Americans were committed to defending was revealed as corrupt and anti–democratic. Many Americans questioned how the American Government could justify standing up for this oppressive regime.

Answer 56

The 'Draft' was the conscription of American men into the US army and lasted from 1954-1975. people began to question whether it was worth it. Draft Law hit African Americans hardest.

Answer 57

there was opposition to the war from civil rights activists, who were fighting for more rights for African-Americans in the USA. Many African-Americans were drafted and because they were new recruits, they were often given the worst postings and assignments. Muhammad Ali had his boxing title revoked for refusing to fight in the war.

Answer 58

It became clear that the Vietnamese peasants did not welcome American troops. Many Americans questioned why their country was involved if the local population did not want them there.

Answer 59

The Cuban Missile Crisis 1962 The USA was committed to the Vietnam War The USSR and China had major political disagreements Détente was a propaganda opportunity for both sides. Détente helped the superpowers save money

Answer 60

period of the easing of Cold War tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union from 1967 to 1979.

Answer 61

emphasised to both sides the risk of not cooperating with each other. It was clear to the world how easily nuclear war could develop, even over conflicts in small countries.

Answer 62

Détente could perhaps help the Americans find a way out of Vietnam, they were losing a lot of money and could not afford to assign troops or money to other areas. Détente could perhaps help the Americans find a way out of Vietnam.

Answer 63

The USSR saw China as a threat and wanted to be friendlier with the USA/ get usa on their side

Answer 64

They each could portray themselves as peacemakers who were concerned with the safety of the world.

Answer 65

they were able to reduce the amount spent on the arms race and focus on problems in their own countries. The people of the USSR were suffering from food shortages and poor housing.

Answer 66

Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 1963 Outer-Space Treaty 1967 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 1968 Seabed Treaty 1971 SALT I 1972 Helsinki Agreement 1975 SALT II 1979

Answer 67

Banned the testing of nuclear weapons on the ground and in the atmosphere. Did not ban testing underground.

Answer 68

banned the placement of nuclear weapons in space and on the Moon. Banned the testing of weapons in space or on the Moon. Space was to remain peaceful and could be explored freely by all countries.

Answer 69

an agreement of all signatories to stop or limit the spread of nuclear capability to non-nuclear countries.

Answer 70

Banned the placement of nuclear weapons anywhere on the seabed.

Answer 71

This was the first agreement under which both superpowers put limits on the number of nuclear missiles that could be produced.

Answer 72

Both sides agreed to recognise the current borders of European countries. Both sides agreed to respect human rights and freedoms in their respective countries. Both sides agreed to help each other economically and technologically

Answer 73

There was agreement over limiting the production of long-range missiles. These agreements never came to much - the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979 and the Cold War began to escalate once more.

Answer 74

Soviet invasion of Afghanistan 1979 Ronald Reagan elected President of the USA (reagan didnt trust Brezhnev and thought detente was being misused) Continued nuclear proliferation

Answer 75

This was an attempt to be more ‘open’ in dealing with the West. Gorbachev encouraged people to be more honest when talking about politics. He encouraged more freedom of speech - he wanted communist politicians to take criticism on board, look to make changes and stamp out corruption.

Answer 76

Gorbachev wanted to modernise the USSR and improve relations with the USA. Gorbachev introduced policies of Glasnost and Perestroika in an attempt to make communism work in the USSR.

Answer 77

This was an attempt to modernise and ‘rebuild’ the Soviet state. Gorbachev realised that military spending had to be reduced. Government reports had also informed Gorbachev that if the economy was to survive, more small businesses were needed.

Answer 78

nov 9 1989

Cold War Flashcards

(105 cards)