cold war

Question 1

Cold War

Answer 1

An ideological war never fought on Us or Soviet territory

Question 2

Iron Curtain

Answer 2

border between soviet controlled countries and the west

Reinforced the divide between East and West creating opposing alliances

Question 3

Truman Doctrine

Answer 3

USA announced that it would send money equipment, and advice to any country threatened by a communist takeover (officially started in greece)

stalin was supportive of the spread of communism while USA was actively giving resources to prevent it

Question 4

Capitalism

Answer 4

Means of production are in the hands of private ownership (free mareket)

Question 5

Marshall Plan

Answer 5

finanicial plan (loan) to restore Europe’s economy (and create a market for american products). this was created due to the idea that poverty leads to communism

the US was giving money to rebuild Europe (and fight communism) but the USSR was receiving anything (they refused the money)

Question 6

Satellite States

Answer 6

A country that is formally independent but under heavy political, economic, and military influence from another country.

USA disliked influence that USSR had over several states, which created a buffer between USSR and USA.

states acted as a buffer for countries in eastern europe, protecting USSR

Question 7

Berlin Blockade (1948-49)

Answer 7

stalin blocked all movement of products, resources, people, etc from west berlin due to the secret conference in london without ussr and the currency reform.

Allies decided to do an airlift: every 90 seconds, allied planes brought food + resources to west berlin

blockade was peacefully resolved in the end

Question 8

Communism

Answer 8

Means of production are in the hands of the people (the state). It is a classless society.

Marxism is implemented through communism through violence

Question 9

NATO

Answer 9

north atlantic treaty organization

set up for western powers to work together in the case of a war between usa and ussr

created tension as it excluded the ussr and openly declared that if war were to happen, several countries would be against the ussr

Question 10

Arms race

Answer 10

a competition between the usa and ussr for supremacy in nuclear warfare

Question 11

Warsaw Pact

Answer 11

military pact made by eastern countries and ussr in response to the formation of nato

Question 12

Berlin Wall

Answer 12

wall built by Khrushchev to separate west and east berlin (prevent movement of people) at the height of the conflict.

ussr needed their workers, wanted to limit exposure to west, etc

Question 13

Containment

Answer 13

stopping the spread of an opposing ideology

Question 14

Domino Theory

Answer 14

when one country turns communist, others will follow

ex. vietnam –> laos, cambodia

Question 15

Roosevelt

Answer 15

president during ww2, present during yalta and potsdam conferences

Question 16

Truman

Answer 16

president after roosevelt, anti communist, truman doctrine, marshall plan, berlin blockade/airlift plan, creation of nato, korean war

Question 17

Eisenhower

Answer 17

arms race, space race, ended the korean war with the armistice.

Question 18

Churchill

Answer 18

a part of the big three, negotiated the end of ww2,

Question 19

Johnson

Answer 19

continued/escalated the vietnam war, domino theory, nuclear arms race continued,

Question 20

Stalin

Answer 20

created satellite states in eastern europe, in yalta and potsdam conferences he wanted harsh reparations and more influence, berlin blockade, warsaw pact, nuclear arms race, korean war

Question 21

Nixon

Answer 21

ended vietnam war “peace with honor”

Question 22

Khrushchev

Answer 22

de-stalinization, berlin wall, cuban missile crisis, space race, nuclear race, vietnam war,

Question 23

JFK

Answer 23

cuban missile crisis, berlin wall, space race, bay of pigs, started the vietnam war.

Question 24

Castro

Answer 24

communist dictator that took over from batista after coup. he was involved in the cuban missile crisis

Question 25

order of presidents (all)

Answer 25

roosevelt, truman, eisenhower, kennedy, johnson, nixon stalin, khrushchev churchill (when truman was president) Castro (when kennedy was president)

Question 26

Yalta and Potsdam Conferences

Answer 26

wartime conferences (1945) that were held to determine the future of europe. yalta - tension because stalin wanted to move ussr border into polands territory but churchill and roosevelt disagreed (they still let it happen) potsdam - tension because by this time, stalin had implemented communist governments in eastern countries, usa had the atomic bomb, and truman was now president (much more anti communist). countries disagreed about consequences, reparations, and soviet control (usa extreme left, uk middle, ussr right)

Question 27

Korean War

Answer 27

- north korea (comunist) invaded south korea (anti communist) . USA appealed to UN and supported the south, while ussr and china supported the north. after years of fighting, peace talks occurred and finally an armistice was signed in 1953. - truman was president at the time. He was very anti communist and was happy to send as much support as needed to contain it. His right hand man was mcarthur who wanted to use nuclear weapons. Eventually eisenhower was elected and the war ended. - armistce was achieved but countries remained divded (to this day). containment was half success half failure.

Question 28

Cuban Missile Crisis

Answer 28

- castro (communist) overthrew american backed dicator so usa supplied arms + resources to an anti castro group of exiles, but plan failed miserably, and they were all killed/taken captive. (Bay of Pigs) ussr began sending arms to cuba and soon thousands of missils were being stored there. kennedy decided to do a blockade and recieves a personal letter from khrushchev with a deal that if usa removes missiles from turkey, ussr will remove them from cuba. he agrees and publicises it as a victory (even tho it was a compromise) - president kennedy against castro containment not a success since cuba remained communist. success in the fact that usa wasn't obliterated.

Question 29

Vietnam War

Answer 29

- vietnam was ruled by france, but wanted its freedom (when the first vietnam war happened) the french lost and vietnam was divided. Elections were to be held but the usa interfered out of fear that the communists would win. USA supported south vietnam (diem) against the vietcong. it was a brutal war with tunnel systems, booby traps, and chemical warfare. Plus everything was being recorded. in the end, due to usa weakness, vietcong preserverance, and lack of support, the usa withdrew troops and tried to prepare the southerners to continue fighting, but vietnam fell to communism eisenhower, kennedy, johnson, nixon containment was an absolute fail as communism was not contained and spread to cambodia and loas as well

Question 30

Why did the Cold War start after WWII?

Answer 30

1. nazi soviet pact caused tension and mistrust between usa and ussr 2. ussr accused usa of opening western front in france too late 3. ussr didn't want to let go of the countries they had liberated (and put communist governments in) 4. usa and ussr became the new global superpowers meaning increase in competition

Question 31

How did Stalin’s death impact the Korean War?

Answer 31

everyone wanted the war to end and now that stalin was dead, the new ussr leader could go through with it.

Question 32

How dangerous was the Cuban Missile Crisis?

Answer 32

very dangerous. tensions were very high, the u2 plane was shot down during this time and both sides were spying on each other. russia now had the ability to destroy the usa between 10 - 20 min rather than in over 30 min.

Question 33

What two ideologies dominated the Cold War and why were they significant?

Answer 33

capitalism and communism significant because they were the two main ideologies at the time and practically split the world in west and east. they played a significant role in politics capitalism (democracy) communism (one party state). they were the reason for numerous conflicts (vietnam, cuba, afghanistan, korea, etc)

Question 34

Place the following events in the proper order. - Construction of the Iron Curtain - Implementation of the Truman Doctrine - Implementation of the Marshall Plan - Berlin Blockade - Creation of NATO - Creation of Warsaw Pact - Yalta and Potsdam Conferences - The Korean War - The Cuban Missile Crisis - The Vietnam War

Answer 34

Yalta and Potsdam Conferences Yalta: February 1945 Potsdam: July–August 1945 (Allied leaders met to decide post-WWII Europe’s future.) Construction of the Iron Curtain (figurative, not physical) March 1946 (Winston Churchill gave his famous "Iron Curtain" speech, symbolizing the division of East and West Europe.) Implementation of the Truman Doctrine March 1947 (U.S. pledged to support nations resisting communism—initially Greece and Turkey.) Implementation of the Marshall Plan June 1947 (U.S. economic aid program to rebuild Europe and prevent the spread of communism.) Berlin Blockade June 1948 – May 1949 (Soviets blocked Allied access to West Berlin; U.S. and allies responded with the Berlin Airlift.) Creation of NATO April 1949 (North Atlantic Treaty Organization formed as a Western military alliance.) The Korean War June 1950 – July 1953 (War between North (communist) and South (anti-communist) Korea, with U.S. and UN supporting the South.) Creation of Warsaw Pact May 1955 (Soviet-led military alliance in response to NATO.) The Cuban Missile Crisis October 1962 (13-day standoff over Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba; nearly triggered nuclear war.) Vietnam War U.S. involvement escalated: 1964–1973 (main phase) (Communist North Vietnam vs. U.S.-backed South Vietnam; a major Cold War proxy conflict.)

Question 35

reasons for cold war tension (15)

Answer 35

atomic bomb on japan - intimidation marshall aid/doctrine - disrespect roosevelt to truman - anti communist western front - betrayal russian civil war - usa involvement (wrong side) containment - anti communist arms race - intimidation currency reform in berlin - threat nato - alliances in the case of war nazi soviet pact - betrayal satellite states - control reparations from germany - disagree berlin blockade - response to reforms cominform - unify the communists warsaw pact - in response to nato

Question 36

reasons that usa and ussr didnt like each other (4)

Answer 36

contrasting beliefs expansion of influence financial moves by usa one ideology doesnt want the other to expand its sphere of influence (containment policy). Each country wants their own ideology to spread