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American History > Cold War > Flashcards

Cold War Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 countries were involved in the cold war?

A

US and Soviet Union/USSR

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2
Q

Why was it called the cold war?

A

War never happened and there was no action.

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3
Q

What big 3 countries were in the Yalta Conference?

A

US, Britain, and Soviet Union

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4
Q

What is the Yalta Conference?

A

The big 3 countries split up Germany and each took a section and was responsible for their section.

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5
Q

What was the United Nations preventing or stopping?

A

Another World War occuring

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6
Q

Who were the 5 permanent members of the United Nations?

A

Great Britain, China, France, US, and USSR.

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7
Q

Who came up with the name Iron Curtain for the establishment?

A

Churchill

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8
Q

What is the Iron Curtain?

A

The Iron Curtain is the military, political, and ideological barrier established between the Soviet bloc and western Europe.

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9
Q

What policy did the US use to protect itself from communism?

A

Containment policy

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10
Q

What is the containment policy?

A

A policy directed at blocking soviet influence and stopping the expansion of communism.

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11
Q

What is the Truman Doctrine?

A

Provided support for any nation rejecting communism. $400 million in aid.

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12
Q

The Truman Doctrine was sparked by which 2 countries?

A

Turkey and Greece

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13
Q

What did the Marshall plan provide?

A

Provided food, machinery, and other materials to rebuild Western Europe.

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14
Q

What was the Marshall plan sparked by?

A

Communist seizure of Czechoslovakia.

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15
Q

What was the Soviet Union and the US trying to prove?

A

Prove who was the best.

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16
Q

When did the Iron Curtain begin and end?

A

1945-1990

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17
Q

What is the NATO?

A

The military alliance in Western Europe.

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18
Q

What country’s side did NATO take?

A

US

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19
Q

What type of government did Western Europe have?

A

Democracy

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20
Q

What is the Warsaw Pact?

A

The military alliance in Eastern Europe.

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21
Q

What country’s side did the Warsaw Pact take?

A

Soviet Union

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22
Q

What 2 types of government did Eastern Europe have?

A

Communism and Totalitarian

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23
Q

Why was the Berlin wall built?

A

To divide East and West Berlin.

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24
Q

Why did citizens want to escape East Berlin?

A

They didn’t like the government and if they escaped that proved the US was better.

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25
Q

What were East Berlin’s economy problems?

A

Less people were working and buying stuff. They didn’t support the economy.

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26
Q

How many people escaped the Berlin Wall each month?

A

10,000

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27
Q

Who were the CCP and KMT in China?

A

CCP: Communists
KMT: Non- Communists

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28
Q

What Chinese group was government at the time in China?

A

KMT

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29
Q

Why did the Chinese want CCP government?

A

A lot of Chinese people were poor and wanted to be equal because that would give them more than what they had already.

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30
Q

Who was the leader of the KMT?

A

Chiang Kai-Shek

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31
Q

Who was the leader of the CCP?

A

Mao Zhedong

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32
Q

What Chinese group wins in 1949?

A

CCP

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33
Q

What happened when the KMT lost?

A

KMT (millions of Chinese mainly the rich) fled to Taiwan. Soon developed their own government.

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34
Q

What did the Berlin War symbolize?

A

A divided world

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35
Q

What does ICBM stand for?

A

Intercontinental Ballistic Missile

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36
Q

What is Sputnik?

A

The first unmanned satellite

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37
Q

What are U-2s?

A

CIA secret high attitude spy planes.

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38
Q

What is the U-2 incident?

A

Pilot Gary Powers was captured after being shot down during a U-2 mission.

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39
Q

During WW2 what country did Japan take over?

A

China

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40
Q

What is an Armistice?

A

An agreement to stop fighting

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41
Q

What parallel did Korea divide at?

A

38th

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42
Q

North Korea had what 2 types of government?

A

Communism and Collectivism

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43
Q

South Korea got a lot of money and traded with what country?

A

US

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44
Q

Who was Ho Chi Minh?

A

Vietnamese nationalist who led the Indochinese communist party.

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45
Q

Who did the Indochinese communist party revolt against?

A

The french

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46
Q

What happened to Ho?

A

Got arrested and sentenced to death but fled to exile in Mexico.

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47
Q

When Ho returned what country had seized control of China?

A

Japan

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48
Q

Ho was a founder of what league?

A

Vietminh Independence League

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49
Q

What year did Ho find the Vietminh Independence League?

A

1941

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50
Q

Who was in war with Vietnam?

A

The French

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51
Q

What country did Eisenhower support?

A

France

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52
Q

After the Dien Bien Phu, President Eisenhower fears what theory?

A

Domino Theory

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53
Q

What was the Dien Bien Phu?

A

The longest and most furious battle of the French Expeditionary Corps in the Far East.

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54
Q

What is the Domino theory?

A

That if other regions or countries were communists that the domino effect would happen and communism would spread.

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55
Q

Vietnam was divided at what parallel?

A

17th

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56
Q

Who is Fidel Castro?

A

Dictator of Cuba

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57
Q

Why is the US worried when Cuba becomes a communist country?

A

US will think that communism will spread into the states because Cuba is only 90 miles away.

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58
Q

What is the Bay of Pigs?

A

US tries to overthrow Castro by flying to Cuba and having the rich revolt and try to overthrow Castro.

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59
Q

Did the Bay of Pigs fail or succeed?

A

Fail

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60
Q

Why did the Soviets put nuclear missiles in Cuba to attack the US?

A

Cuba is close and has more access.

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61
Q

The US demanded the missiles to be removed. If they haven’t been removed what would have happened?

A

A real war would have started

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62
Q

JFK promised to leave Cuba alone if what was removed and who agreed?

A

Missiles and the Soviets

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63
Q

WW2 ends and what does Ho think about Vietnam?

A

Ho thinks Vietnam will gain independence.

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64
Q

The Vietnam War is the Vietnamese fighting what country?

A

France

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65
Q

Who did Eisenberg support in the Vietnamese war?

A

The French

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66
Q

What parallel was Vietnam divided at?

A

17th

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67
Q

Diem ruled as what?

A

Dicatator

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68
Q

What is the Gulf of Tonkin?

A

Congress allowed president to send troops.

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69
Q

What year did the Gulf of Tonkin begin?

A

1964

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70
Q

How many US soldiers were in combat in 1965?

A

185,000 US soldiers.

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71
Q

US soldiers were fighting a what type of war?

A

Guerrilla

72
Q

In what time period did war become unpopular?

A

The 1960s

73
Q

What did the 1969 Vietnamization allow?

A

Allowed US troops to gradually pull out Nixon

74
Q

What year did we get nuclear weapons?

A

1945

75
Q

What year did the Soviets develop their first nuclear weapon?

A

1949

76
Q

By 1950 both US and USSR developed what bomb?

A

Hydrogen

77
Q

What does MAD stand for?

A

Mutually Assured Destruction

78
Q

What is Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)?

A

Each side has the ability to wipe each other out.

79
Q

The US became so scared of getting bombed what precautions did they take?

A

Made bomb shelters in all new buildings and had bomb drills.

80
Q

BONUS What was the most powerful bomb?

A

Tsarbomba

81
Q

BONUS How powerful is the Tsarbomba (compare to war equipment)?

A

All war equipment combined times 10 in one Tsarbomba.

82
Q

How many bombs has there been since 1945?

A

2053

83
Q

How many bombs total could wipe out life on earth?

A

15,000 bombs

84
Q

Who overthrows the Batista government?

A

Fidel Castro

85
Q

What country did we put nuclear missiles to attack the Soviet Union?

A

Turkey

86
Q

How long did the missile crisis last?

A

13 days

87
Q

Afghanistan was controlled by who and why?

A

Soviets and Afghanistan was close

88
Q

Why were Islamic leaders mad?

A

Communism says religion is evil and fake. USSR (Communists) were camping out in Afghanistan.

89
Q

What rebels did the US help out?

A

Islamic rebels. Which now we are currently in trouble because we sent them supplies and now they are trying to terrorize us.

90
Q

What country lost and got dropped out of the war?

A

Soviets

91
Q

This war did what to the Soviet’s economy?

A

Put them in debt

92
Q

Who was the new Soviet Union leader in 1985?

A

Mikhail Gorbachev

93
Q

What were some of the problems Mikhail Gorbachev had to solve?

A

War in Afghanistan, too much spent on military and failures of communist economic system.

94
Q

Who in the USSR wanted independence (don’t like communism which means rebellions)

A

Non-Russians

95
Q

What were Mikhail’s 2 ideas?

A

1) Perestroika: Economic challenge (allows 9 little of capitalism to exist in the USSR) saying the system has failed and needed to recover with capitalism.
2) Glasnost: Give some people SOME freedom.

96
Q

USSR was weak and Eastern Europe finds it a perfect time to do what?

A

Rebel

97
Q

What country was first to get rid of communism?

A

Poland

98
Q

Did Poland getting rid of communism as a country leave a domino effect?

A

Yes

99
Q

What year was the Berlin Wall torn down?

A

1989

100
Q

What year is Germany unified as one country?

A

1990

101
Q

Who did the USSR blame for their problems?

A

Gorbachev

102
Q

What happened to Gorbachev in 1991?

A

August 1991 a group kidnapped Gorbachev and tries to replace him but they were loosing and released him.

103
Q

When does Gorbachev resign?

A

December 1991

104
Q

When Gorbachev resigns what else was brought to an end?

A

The USSR government being communists

105
Q

USSR separates into how many nations?

A

15

106
Q

What year does the Cold War end?

A

1991

107
Q

How many years of war was there?

A

almost 46

108
Q

What country wins the Cold War?

A

US

109
Q

What was the Federal Highway Act in 1956?

A

Congress passed the largest public works program in US history. 10 years, 40,000 miles of interstate

110
Q

Average income of Americans tripled from what years?

A

1940-1955

111
Q

What led to a growing number of white-collar and blue-collar industry?

A

New technology

112
Q

What is a white-collar?

A

Business man (wear white collars such as suits)

113
Q

What is a blue-collar?

A

Working man. (denim is blue and thats what they would wear)

114
Q

Early 50s rise in multinational corporations. What are multinational corporations?

A

Increase in corporate profit by moving location and employing cheaper labor pool. Competitive business on the rise.

115
Q

What is conformity?

A

Obsession with winning approval of others. All the same.

116
Q

What is a suburban?

A

Cities and rural mix

117
Q

What town was one of the earliest new suburbs?

A

Levittown, New York

118
Q

Who was the driving force behind planned residential communities?

A

Bill Levittown

119
Q

What became increasingly popular throughout the 1950s?

A

suburbs

120
Q

What percent did the suburbs account for new home construction?

A

85%

121
Q

Many considered suburbs to be a sign of American tendency?

A

Conformity

122
Q

When was the baby boom?

A

From 1945-1961

123
Q

How many children were born during the baby boom in the US?

A

65 million

124
Q

What was a factor of the baby boom?

A

Veterans returning from was and wanted to start families quickly.

125
Q

What did popular culture celebrate?

A

Pregnancy, parenthood, and large families.

126
Q

What was the assumption of a good mother?

A

Stays at home and to take care of children and the house.

127
Q

What was there a mass production of?

A

Antibiotics

128
Q

What did Jonas Salk develop?

A

An injectable vaccine preventing polio which had been running rampant.

129
Q

In 1946, scientists working under a US army contract developed one of the nations first what?

A

Computers

130
Q

What was the average annual salary?

A

$3,800 (Modern: $26,364)

131
Q

What was the minimum wage per hour?

A

75 cents per hour (Modern: $7.25)

132
Q

How many TVs were in 1946 in the US?

A

7,000-8,000

133
Q

By 1957 there were only how many TVs?

A

40 million

134
Q

What percent of families had televisions?

A

80%

135
Q

What is the generation gap?

A

The cultural separation between children and their parents.

136
Q

How did beatniks and beats live their lives?

A

Sought to live unconventional lives as fugitives from the conforming American culture they despised.

137
Q

Where does the name beatniks and beats come from?

A

The feeling among group members of being “beaten down” by American Culture.

138
Q

When did the Red Scare begin?

A

September 1945

139
Q

How did the Red Scare begin?

A

When soviet clerk Igor Gouzenko defected. He revealed a massive effort by the SU to infiltrate US government agencies to obtain info about the atomic bomb.

140
Q

What is subversion?

A

The effort to secretly weaken a society and overthrow its government.

141
Q

The Red Scare incident to a public fear of what?

A

Communist Subversion

142
Q

What was the Loyalty Review Program?

A

Was established to screen all federal employees. Rather than calming suspicion, Truman’s actions seemed to escalate/

143
Q

What did HUAC stand for?

A

House Un-American Activities Committee

144
Q

What is HAUC (House Un-American Activities Committee)?

A

FBI director Hoover urged HUAC to expose anyone engaging in “Un-American” activities. FBI wiretapped thousands of telephones.

145
Q

Who was Alger Hiss?

A

former communist

146
Q

What and what year was Project Verona?

A

In 1946, American Cryptographers cracked the soviet spy code of the time, enabling them to read messages confirming extensive soviet spying.

147
Q

Who were Julius and Ethel?

A

NY couple charged with heading a soviet spy ring in 1950. The couple denied charges, but were condemned to death for espionage and executed in 1953?

148
Q

Who was Joseph R. McCarthy?

A

A senator from Wisconsin and was the ring leader of these witch hunts. Searching for disloyalty based on flimsy evidence and irrational.

149
Q

What was McCarthyism?

A

McCarthy’s tactic of damaging reputations with vague and unfounded charges.

150
Q

What is a censure?

A

Formal disapproval

151
Q

Who was elected president in 1960?

A

John F. Kennedy

152
Q

JFK was the first president to be what?

A

Catholic

153
Q

The 1960 president debate was the first to be viewed where?

A

On TV

154
Q

What were the Camelot years?

A

The rich and glamorous years

155
Q

Who was JFK’s brother and what was his career?

A

Robert Kennedy and he was an attorney general

156
Q

JFK believes he must redefine what?

A

Nation’s nuclear strategy

157
Q

What is the Flexible Response?

A

Fight conventional wars, keep nuclear arms balanced.

158
Q

What is the Limited Test Ban Treaty?

A

bans nuclear tests in the atmosphere

159
Q

What is the New Frontier?

A

policies of the Kennedy administration

160
Q

What is a mandate?

A

clear voter support for JFK’s agenda

161
Q

By 1960, US in recession had what percent of unemployment?

A

6%

162
Q

What was the Peace Corps?

A

volunteer and assist developing nations; great sucess

163
Q

What was the Alliance for Progress?

A

economic, technical assistance to Latin America.

164
Q

What happened for the Soviet’s April 1961?

A

Soviet Cosmonaut Yuri A. Gagarin is the first man in space.

165
Q

What country had the first man to walk on the moon and when?

A

July 1969 US - Neil Armstrong

166
Q

What year does JFK begin to work on poverty, racial injustice, and civil rights?

A

1963

167
Q

Who wrote “The Other America”?

A

Michael Harrington’s

168
Q

What does “The Other America” by Michael Harrington bring attention to?

A

poverty

169
Q

When did JFK get shot and killed?

A

November 22, 1963

170
Q

Where did JFK get shot and killed?

A

Motorcade, Dallas

171
Q

Who killed JFK?

A

Oswald

172
Q

Who killed Oswald?

A

Ruby

173
Q

Who is president after JFK?

A

Johnson

174
Q

Who investigates and concludes Oswald acted alone?

A

Warren Commission

175
Q

What was Johnson’s program called?

A

Great Society

176
Q

Does the war on poverty increase or decrease?

A

Decrease

American History (8 decks)

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