Cold war 3

Question 1

What does Detente mean?

Answer 1

Relaxation of tensions

Question 2

When was Detente?

Answer 2

1960s and 1970s

Question 3

What was SALT 1?

Answer 3

The superpowers limited the amount of nuclear weapons.

Question 4

When was SALT 1?

Answer 4

1972

Question 5

What was some agreements in SALT 1? (3)

Answer 5

1. No further production of short - range; lightweight missiles. 2. No new nuclear missile launchers. 3. Anti - ballistic missile (ABM) treaty only allowed 2 ABM deployment areas.

Question 6

Why was SALT 1 significant? (3)

Answer 6

1. It slowed down the arms race by placing limits on weapons. 2. Led to further negotiations in SALT 2 (1979). 3. Disadvantage: didn’t cover intermediate nuclear weapons which both superpowers deployed in Europe.

Question 7

When was the Helsinki conference?

Answer 7

1975

Question 8

Where was the Helsinki conference?

Answer 8

Finland

Question 9

Who signed the Helsinki agreements?

Answer 9

All European countries except Albania and Andorra + USA and USSR and Canada.

Question 10

Why was the Helsinki agreements important? (3)

Answer 10

1. Helped build a stable relationship between USSR and USA. 2. USSR and USA collaborated on: –> Apollo - Soyuz Test Project 1975 –> Trade agreements - wheat from USA, oil from USSR. 3 Represented the highest point of Detente.

Question 11

What were some of the Helsinki agreements? (6)

Answer 11

1. Strict border between East and West Germany. 2. Disputes settled peacefully thought the UN. 3. No country to interfere in another’s internal affairs. 4. Trade cooperation from superpowers. 5. Sharing of scientific knowledge. 6. Countries must respect HR.

Question 12

Why had USSR already broken the Helsinki agreements?

Answer 12

They didn’t respect HR.

Question 13

What were some limits to the Helsinki agreements? (3)

Answer 13

1. USSR continued to be harsh on the Eastern bloc and apply the Brezhnev Doctrine. 2. USSR treated protesters harshly. 3. USA prioritised its interests elsewhere e.g. Chile.

Question 14

When was SALT 2?

Answer 14

1979

Question 15

What were some agreements in SALT 2? (2)

Answer 15

1. Each superpower limited to 2250 warheads. 2. Imposed limits on new launch systems.

Question 16

Who signed SALT 2?

Answer 16

Carter and Brezhnev

Question 17

Why did SALT 2 fail? (3)

Answer 17

1) West German politicians opposed the treaty as they thought it weakened the defense of West Germany and that USA would not use nuclear weapons to defend West Germany if USSR attacked them. 2) Some American politicians thought the treaty made too many concessions to the Soviet Union. 3) The treaty was never ratified (agreed) by the US Senate because the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan.

Question 18

When did Reagan become president?

Answer 18

1981 - 89

Question 19

When did Gorbachev lead USSR?

Answer 19

1985 - 91

Question 20

What did Reagan call USSR?

Answer 20

An evil empire

Question 21

Why did Reagan ruin Detente? (4)

Answer 21

1. Called USSR an Evil empire. 2. Kick - started the arms race. 3. USA technology improved so quickly in the 80s. 4. USA put more money into developing new missile technology

Question 22

Why was there a crisis in USSR?

Answer 22

It could not keep up with USA in the arms race.

Question 23

How was USSR struggling? (5)

Answer 23

1. Economy in a poor shape because of the huge spending on weapons. 2. Living standards were low around the Eastern Bloc. 3. Draining resources in the war in Afghanistan. 4. Did not have USA’s computing expertise. 5. USSR couldn’t keep up with USA’s missile technology.

Question 24

What happened in the Geneva conference?

Answer 24

1985 Gorbachev and Reagan met up and got on well together.

Question 25

What was the significance of Gorbachev's and Reagan's changing attitudes?

Answer 25

1. It represented an easing of Cold War tensions. 2. Led to greater cooperation between USA and USSR. 3. Led to arms control agreements like INF treaty

Question 26

What was the INF treaty?

Answer 26

It was better than SALT 1 and got rid of lots of missiles specifically in Europe.

Question 27

What happened in 1980 which worsened relations?

Answer 27

End of SALT 2. USA built up nuclear weapons which sped up arms race again.

Question 28

When was the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?

Answer 28

1979

Question 29

Why did USSR want to invade Afghanistan?

Answer 29

Brezhnev was determined to not let Islam spread across its borders especially as there were already Muslims in USSR. He was protecting his interests like Czechoslovakia

Question 30

Who was Amin?

Answer 30

The leader of Afghanistan who toppled the OG Soviet government. He was assassinated on 27th December almost certainly by Soviet forces.

Question 31

Who were the Mujahedeen?

Answer 31

The Afghanis who fought against USSR.

Question 32

How long did USSR stay in Afghanistan?

Answer 32

Almost 10 years.

Question 33

What was the American reaction to the invasion of Afghanistan?

Answer 33

President Carter said they were spreading communism abroad and it posed a threat to world peace since WW2. Carter doctrine introduced.

Question 34

When was the Carter Doctrine?

Answer 34

Jan 1980

Question 35

What was the Carter Doctrine?

Answer 35

USA would use force if USSR was going to take control of the Persian Gulf. USA imposed sanctions - no trade. Secretly funded the Mujahideen.

Question 36

What were some consequences of the Afghani invasion for USA?

Answer 36

1. Americans were persuaded that USSR couldn't be trusted. 2. Helped the election of Reagan in 1980 because he was an anti - communist.

Question 37

What were some consequences of the Afghani invasion for USSR?

Answer 37

1. Troops were under attack by Mujahideen in Afghanistan. 2. Pressure was put on USSR to end the unpopular war.

Question 38

What did USA boycott in Moscow?

Answer 38

The 1980 Olympics in Moscow. Over 60 countries boycotted it.

Question 39

What happened in 1984?

Answer 39

Boycott of Los Angeles with 15 other communist countries.

Question 40

How did Reagan increase spending on arms and weapons?

Answer 40

13% more in 1982 8% more in 1983 and 1984. New weapons like Trident submarines.and stealth bombers were developed.

Question 41

What did Reagan introduce in 1983?

Answer 41

Announced Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) or star wars. Satellites would carry lasers and be put in space to 🔫 Soviet missiles. This increased arms race and USSR was losing. People argue it started the second cold war.

Question 42

When did Gorbachev become the Soviet leader?

Answer 42

1985 - 1991.

Question 43

Why did Gorbachev have new thinking? (3)

Answer 43

1. Huge sums were spent on the arms race so economy was low. 2. Low standards of living and lack of human rights in satellite states. 3. Suffered from lots of poor leadership with bad health.

Question 44

What were 2 parts of Gorbachev's new thinking?

Answer 44

Perestroika - state and economy reformed with some capitalist practices. Glasnost - more openness and less corruption in government.

Question 45

What else did Gorbachev do in his new thinking? (3)

Answer 45

Removed Brezhnev Doctrine. Less spending on arms and defence. Removal from Afghanistan.

Question 46

What was the American response?

Answer 46

Reagan was hostile until Gorbachev wanted to reform USSR.

Question 47

Due to the end of the Brezhnev Doctrine, how many communist countries left WP?

Answer 47

7 including East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia "velvet revolution" and bloody Romania.

Question 48

When did the Berlin wall fall?

Answer 48

November 1989

Question 49

Why was the fall of the Berlin wall significant? (3)

Answer 49

1. It removed a divide in Europe. 2. End of Warsaw Pact. 3. Satellite states regained their independence.

Question 50

Why did USSR lose the cold war? (3)

Answer 50

1. Propaganda selling communism didn't work. 2. Arms race was impossible to keep up with. 3. Afghan war.

Question 51

When did Gorbachev resign?

Answer 51

25th December 1991