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History GCSE > Cold War > Flashcards

Cold War Flashcards

1
Q

What was agreed at the Tehran Conference in 1943?

A
  1. The USA and Britain would invade Nazi controlled Europe.
  2. The Soviet Union would declare war on Japan when Germany was defeated.
  3. The boundaries of Poland would be moved westwards and some territory given to the Soviet Union.
  4. An international body would be set up to help settle disputes between countries (UN).
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2
Q

What was agreed at the Yalta conference in 1945?

A
  1. Germany would be reduced in size, demilitarised and forced to pay reparations.
  2. Europe would be rebuilt along the lines of the Atlantic Charter.
  3. The UN would be set up.
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3
Q

What was agreed at the Potsdam conference in 1945?

A
  1. A council of foreign ministers would be set up to help rebuild Europe.
  2. The Nazi party was banned and war criminals were prosecuted,
  3. Germany would be run by Britain, France, the US and the Soviet Union.
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4
Q

What was the order of the 3 conferences at the beginning of the Cold War?

A

Tehran, Yalta, Potsdam.

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5
Q

Who were the leaders of the Grand Alliance at the start of the Cold War?

A

Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin.

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6
Q

What did the US do in August 1945?

A

They dropped atomic bombs on Japan.

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7
Q

Who was the new American president by the time of Potsdam?

A

Truman.

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8
Q

Why did Truman distrust Stalin at Potsdam and why did he feel able to push him around?

A

Stalin had broken his promises over Poland made at Yalta. The US felt more powerful because of the atomic bombs. This increased tensions.

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9
Q

What were the 2 main reasons for early tensions between the Soviet Union and the USA?

A

Ideological differences and the US’s possession of nuclear weapons.

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10
Q

At Yalta, what did the Soviet Union promise elections would be in countries in their sphere of influence and what did they end up doing?

A

They promised it would be free, but when countries didn’t vote for communism the fixed elections.

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11
Q

What were the countries near the Soviet Union that they turned communist known as?

A

Satellite states.

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12
Q

How did America see the communist takeover of Eastern Europe?

A

It was seen as a breach of trust.

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13
Q

What did America do in response to the creation of satellite states?

A

They created the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan.

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14
Q

What did the Truman Doctrine state?

A

That the US would provide military and financial aid to stop the spread of communism.

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15
Q

What did the Marshall Plan state?

A

That America would give $13billion to help rebuild Europe. This was in the hope that people wouldn’t turn to communism as long as they had a stake in the capitalist system.

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16
Q

What did the Soviet Union see the Marshall Plan as?

A

Bribery.

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17
Q

What were the reasons for the Marshall Plan and the Truman Doctrine?

A
  1. Communism was attractive to the affected countries after WW2.
  2. Many countries had been freed by the Soviet Union and so may have loyalties to them.
  3. Many Eastern European countries had already had communism forced upon them.
  4. Some countries like Turkey or Greece were too poor to combat a communist takeover.
  5. The theory of the domino effect.
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18
Q

Who created comniform and what was its purpose?

A

Stalin set it up in 1947. It organised all the communist parties in Europe so that they would do what Moscow told them to.

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19
Q

What did comniform do?

A
  1. Got rid of any opposition to the Soviet Union’s control in satellite states.
  2. Encouraged communist parties to block Marshall Plan assistance.
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20
Q

Who created comecon and what was its purpose?

A

It was created by Stalin in 1949 and it was the Soviet Union’s opposition to the Marshall Plan.

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21
Q

What did comecon do?

A
  1. Built up trade links between comecon countries.

2. Prevented comecon countries from signing up to the Marshall Plan.

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22
Q

What are 8 countries who were in comecon?

A

The Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Albania, the German Democratic Republic.

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23
Q

When was NATO created and what was its purpose?

A

It was created in 1949 and was a military alliance based around the principle of collective security, especially from an attack by the Soviet Union.

24
Q

What countries were originally in NATO?

A

US, Britain, Canada, Holland, Belgium, France, Denmark and Norway. West Germany joined in 1955.

25
Q

What was the significance of NATO?

A
  1. It showed that Western Europe was prepared for Soviet agression.
  2. It resulted in the formation of the Warsaw Pact,
26
Q

Why was Bizonia/West Germany unpopular with Stalin?

A

He was not consulted and felt it went against the agreements made at Potsdam.

27
Q

What was the Berlin Blockade?

A

Stalin knew that West Germany relied on food from East Germany, and blocked all passages into West Berlin to try to make British, French and US troops leave their zone.

28
Q

How did Western powers respond to the Berlin Blockade?

A

They airlifted supplies in between 26 June 1948 and 30 September 1949.

29
Q

When was the Warsaw Pact set up and who did it involve?

A

It was set up in 1955 after West Germany entered NATO. It was an opposing alliance between the Soviet Union, Poland, Hungary, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Albania and Bulgaria.

30
Q

What reforms did Nagy want to make in Hungary in 1956?

A
  1. Leave the Warsaw Pact and become a neutral country.
  2. Hold free elections.
  3. UN protection from the Soviet Union.
31
Q

Why were Nagy’s reforms a problem for the Soviet Union?

A

Other countries may follow leading to the collapse of the Warsaw Pact.

32
Q

Why was Nagy appointed?

A

People in Hungary had begun to turn against communist control so Krushchev appointed a more relaxed leader.

33
Q

What were 4 consequences of the Soviet invasion of Hungary?

A
  1. Over 5000 Hungarians were killed.
  2. Nagy and his government were disposed.
  3. Nagy was executed.
  4. Kadar was appointed.
34
Q

How many refugees did the US accept from Hungary?

A

80,000.

35
Q

How many East Germans crossed into West Germany between 1949 and 1961?

A

2.7 million.

36
Q

What were the outcomes of the Geneva summit, Camp David summit, Paris summit and Vienna conference?

A

Geneva (1959)- No solution.
Camp David (1959)-No solution.
Paris (1960)-Krushchev stormed out because of a US spy plane flying over Russia.
Vienna (1961)-No solution.

37
Q

What was the problem with Fidel Castro?

A

The US did not want a communist country so near to them.

38
Q

Why did the US fail at the Bay of Pigs in 1961?

A
  1. Castro knew about the invasion and met the 1400 US-backed troops with 20,000.
  2. Most Cubans were happy with Castro’s leadership.
  3. The world knew the US was backing the invasion.
39
Q

What were Dubcek’s reforms in 1968?

A
  1. Relaxation of censorship.
  2. More democracy.
  3. The powers of the secret police were reduced,
40
Q

When was the Berlin Wall built?

A

1961.

41
Q

Why was the Berlin Wall built?

A

To solve the refugee problem.

42
Q

When did the Soviet Union invade Prague?

A

August 1968.

43
Q

What speech did Kennedy deliver to West Berlin in 1963?

A

“Ich bin ein Berliner”.

44
Q

How was the Cuban missile crisis resolved?

A

Kennedy promised not to attack Cuba again, in the condition that Russia removed their missiles. The US also secretly had to remove their missiles from Turkey.

45
Q

What did SALT 1 in 1972 state?

A
  1. No further production of SBWs.
  2. No increase in number of IBMs.
  3. No new nuclear missile launchers.
  4. The ABM treaty.
46
Q

What did the Helsinki agreements in 1975 state?

A
  1. Agreement on borders.
  2. Trade cooperation.
  3. All disputes to be settled peacefully.
  4. Sharing of scientific knowledge.
  5. No country to interfere in the international events of another country.
  6. Countries to respect human rights.
47
Q

What did SALT 2 in 1979 state?

A
  1. Each superpower limited to 2250 warheads.

2. Imposed limits on new launch systems.

48
Q

How did Ronald Reagan describe the Soviet Union?

A

An “Evil Empire”.

49
Q

What contributed to Reagan’s change of heart?

A
  1. Public opinion was against the arms race.
  2. Gorbachev was popular.
  3. Reagan liked Gorbachev.
50
Q

What happened in Reykjavik in 1986?

A
  1. Reagen and Gorbachev agreed to cut down nuclear weapons.

2. Reagen didn’t agree to end his Strategic Defence Initiative.

51
Q

What did the INF treaty state?

A
  1. It got rid of all 500-5500km range nuclear missiles.

2. Mostly applied in Europe.

52
Q

Why did Soviet troops remain in Afghanistan?

A

They felt that the government had to be communist-backed as it was bordering it.

53
Q

Who resisted the troops in Afghanistan?

A

Rebels known as the Mujahideen.

54
Q

What did the Carter Doctrine in 1980 state?

A
  1. Carter threatened to use force if the Soviet Union took control of the Persian Gulf.
  2. There would be no ore trade with the Soviet Union.
  3. Secretly provided alliance to the Mujahideen.
55
Q

What did the US do at the 1980 olympics in Moscow?

A

They boycotted it.

56
Q

What was the Strategic Defence Initiative in 1983?

A

The idea that satellites and lasers in space could destroy Soviet missiles before they reached the US.

57
Q

When was the fall of the Berlin Wall?

A

1989.

History GCSE (3 decks)

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