Cold War Chapter 3

Question 1

In what year was Nixon elected?

Answer 1

1968

Question 2

When was Brandt elected Chancellor of West Germany?

Answer 2

1969

Question 3

What year was SALT 1

Answer 3

1972

Question 4

What year did Brezhnev visit Washington?

Answer 4

1973

Question 5

When were the Helsinki accords?

Answer 5

1975

Question 6

What year was SALT 2?

Answer 6

1979

Question 7

What is the definition of Détente?

Answer 7

A period of peace between two groups that were previously at war, or hostile to each other.

Question 8

What would a policy of détente allow the USA to do?

Answer 8

It would allow the USA to spend less money on weapons and more on trying to solve the social problems in their country.

Question 9

Why did the USSR want détente?

Answer 9

They were facing economic problems and wanted to devote more resources to improving living standards and updating its economy.

Question 10

What was Willy Brandt’s policy of ‘Ostpolitik’?

Answer 10

It involved building better relations between East and West Germany. Other European nations followed his lead and established better relations with eastern european countries.

Question 11

What did the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty state?

Answer 11

ABMs were only allowed at two sites, each site should have a maximum of 100 missiles.

Question 12

What did the Interim treaty do?

Answer 12

It placed restrictions on the number of ICBMs and SLBMs each country could have.

Question 13

Under the interim treaty how many ICBMs and SLBMs was the USA allowed?

Answer 13

1,054 ICBMs

740 SLBMs

Question 14

Under the interim treaty how many ICBMs and SLBMs was the Soviet Union allowed?

Answer 14

1,618 ICBMs and 740 SLBMs

Question 15

What did The Basic Principles Agreement say?

Answer 15

It laid down rules for the conduct of nuclear warfare. And set out steps for avoiding Nuclear warfare

Question 16

What were the weaknesses of SALT 1?

Answer 16

• It was unrealistic to expect war could be avoided by an agreement on paper.
• It didn’t cover the latest technological development.

Question 17

What was the impact of SALT 1 on international relations?

Answer 17

It showed that both countries wanted to reach agreement and they wanted to demonstrate their better relations.

Question 18

When did negotiations for SALT 2 begin?

Answer 18

1974

Question 19

What did the first basket of the Helsinki Accords cover?

Answer 19

European borders - Borders are inviolable, they cannot be altered by force.

Question 20

What did the second basket at the Helsinki Accords cover?

Answer 20

International cooperation - We will continue to work for closer relations between Western and Soviet-controlled countries. This will include trade agreements, technology exchanges and a joint Space mission.

Question 21

What did the third basket at the Helsinki Accords cover?

Answer 21

Human rights - We will respect human rights and individual freedoms such as free speech, religion, and free movement across Europe.

Question 22

Which baskets was Brezhnev pleased with?

Answer 22

1 & 2

Question 23

Which basket were the USA pleased with?

Answer 23

3

Question 24

What brought détente to an end?

Answer 24

The soviet invasion of Afghanistan

Question 25

When did Islamic militants capture the American embassy in Tehran?

Answer 25

November 1979, held hostages for 444 days.

Question 26

Why was SALT 2 withdrawn from the senate?

Answer 26

Carter felt he could no longer support it

Question 27

When was the Carter Doctrine?

Answer 27

1980

Question 28

When was the US boycott of the Moscow olympics?

Answer 28

1980

Question 29

When was Reagan elected?

Answer 29

1980

Question 30

When did Brezhnev die?

Answer 30

1982

Question 31

When was SDI announced?

Answer 31

1983

Question 32

When did the USSR boycott the LA olympics?

Answer 32

1984

Question 33

Why did the Soviets invade Afghanistan?

Answer 33

They were determined not to let muslim fundamentalism spread across their border and they wanted to ensure there was a pro-Soviet government in Afghanistan.

Question 34

When did the Soviet invade afghan?

Answer 34

24 December 1979

Question 35

When was Amin assassinated?

Answer 35

27 December, almost certainly by Soviet commandos

Question 36

What was the Carter doctrine?

Answer 36

The USA would repel by force, if necessary, any threats to american interests in the Persian Gulf.

Question 37

How did the Americans see the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?

Answer 37

They saw it as an example of the Soviets trying to spread communism abroad.

Question 38

How did the Americans react to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?

Answer 38

- Withdrew SALT 2 - Imposed economic sanctions - Funded and supplied the mujahideen

Question 39

How many civilian deaths were there during the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?

Answer 39

1.5 million

Question 40

How much did the war cost the USSR per year?

Answer 40

$8 billion

Question 41

How many nations supported the US during their boycott of the Olympics?

Answer 41

Over 60 nations

Question 42

How many communist countries joined the Soviet boycott?

Answer 42

15

Question 43

How did Reagan describe the Soviet Union?

Answer 43

An 'evil empire'

Question 44

How much more more money was spent on the US armed forces in 1982?

Answer 44

13% more, with a further 8% in 1983 and 1984

Question 45

What was the Reagan doctrine?

Answer 45

The USA would support anti-communist governments and anti-communist groups trying to overthrow communist governments.

Question 46

What did SDI stand for?

Answer 46

Strategic Defense Initiative

Question 47

When did Gorbachev become leader?

Answer 47

1985

Question 48

Why did authorities declare martial law in Poland in 1981?

Answer 48

There was unrest due to lack of human rights, the trade union 'Solidarity' posed a threat.

Question 49

What was perestroika?

Answer 49

A proposal that the soviet state and economy should be reformed to include some of the practices that made capitalism successful.

Question 50

What was Glasnost?

Answer 50

There should be more openess and less corruption in the government, it would allow opposition to the government.

Question 51

What other things did Gorbachev include in his reforms?

Answer 51

- The brezhnev doctrine would be dropped. | - Reduce spending on arms and defence and withdraw from Afghan.

Question 52

How did Reagan see Gorbachev's reforms?

Answer 52

He saw that there was a real oppurtunity to end the Cold War, and to adopt a more open approach to the soviet union.

Question 53

What changes were made in Gorbachev's first 4 years?

Answer 53

Further limitations on nuclear weapons

Question 54

What was the outcome of the Geneva summit?

Answer 54

No formal agreements but Gorbachev and Reagan established a good working relationship. They had a mutual desire to improve relations.

Question 55

What did Gorbachev propose at the Reykjavik Summit?

Answer 55

Phasing out nuclear weapons if the Americans gave up their SDI program.

Question 56

What was the outcome of the Reykjavik summit?

Answer 56

No formal agreement but an improvement in relations

Question 57

What was the outcome of the Washington summit?

Answer 57

Intermediate-Range Nuclear Force (INF) treaty

Question 58

What was the INF treaty?

Answer 58

Abolish all land based missiles with a range of 500-5,500km

Question 59

What happened at the Moscow summit?

Answer 59

Complex detail related to INF treaty resolved.

Question 60

What was the outcome of the Malta summit?

Answer 60

No new agreements were made, but both the USA and the Soviet Union saw this meeting as marking the end of the Cold War.

Question 61

What was the impact of removing the Brezhnev doctrine on the Satellite states?

Answer 61

They could choose how they were governed

Question 62

How many East Germans leave for the west on the 11th of September?

Answer 62

125,000

Question 63

When did the Berlin wall fall?

Answer 63

November 1989

Question 64

What did the destruction of the Berlin Wall symbolise?

Answer 64

It became the symbol of the end of Soviet control and the end of the Cold War

Question 65

When was the Warsaw Pact dissolved?

Answer 65

July 1991

Question 66

What did the break up of the Warsaw pact indicate?

Answer 66

The division between the democratic west and communist east was gone.

Question 67

Why did Gorbachev resign?

Answer 67

A coup severely damaged his authority.

Question 68

When did Gorbachev resign?

Answer 68

25 December 1991

Question 69

What immediately followed Gorbachev's resignation?

Answer 69

The break-up of the Soviet Union