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Flashcards in Cold War Part 1 Deck (274)
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1
Q

(WWII: a deadly affair) … killed worldwide; … graduates from BHS

A

60 million; 72

2
Q

(WWII: a deadly affair) nations with highest military losses:

A

soviet union, germany, china, japan

3
Q

(WWII: a deadly affair) nations with highest civilian losses:

A

soviet union=china, germany, japan

4
Q

(war time conferences) yalta conference- feb 1945: … of Germany/ … trials

A

de-nazification; war crime

5
Q

(war time conferences) yalta conference-feb 1945: …. in germany

A

allied zones of occupation

6
Q

(war time conferences) yalta conference- feb 1945: free … in poland, bulgaria, romania (promise would be broken by …)

A

elections; soviets

7
Q

(war time conferences) yalta conference-feb 1945: new … for poland

A

borders

8
Q

(war time conferences) yalta conference-feb 1945: soviets would join war against Japan ….

A

3 months after German surrender

9
Q

(war time conferences) yalta conference-feb 1945: soviet joining against japan: soviets to receive … and …

A

Japanese Kurile Islands and Sakhalin I

10
Q

(war time conferences) potsdam conference- july 1945: Japan: … or …

A

surrender; be destroyed

11
Q

(war time conferences) potsdam conference- july 1945: finalized German/Polish ..

A

borders

12
Q

(war time conferences) potsdam conference-july 1945: recognized new soviet-established … (…)

A

government in Poland; betrayal

13
Q

(war time conferences) potsdam conference-july 1945: soviets to collect … from soviet zone in germany: .. and … equipment

A

reparations; labor; industrial

14
Q

(war time conferences) potsdam conference- july 1945: expulsion of .. outside of new … (… million)

A

germans; German borders; 12

15
Q

(Post-War Germany) germany divided into

A

four occupation zones

16
Q

(Post-War Germany) berlin divided into … as well

A

4 zones

17
Q

(A new world order) united nation: organized by …, 1st meeting in … in april …., attended by … nations

A

FDR; san francisco; 1945; 50

18
Q

(A new world order) united nations: … and .. agree to join- FDR got … before war ended

A

U.S.; soviet union; senate ok

19
Q

(united nations vs. league of nations): included a permanent …: …, …, …, .., ..

A

security council; US; Soviet Union; Britain; France; China

20
Q

(united nations vs. league of nations): each security council member given …

A

veto power

21
Q

(united nations vs. league of nations): SC veto power allayed concern of

A

losing sovereignty

22
Q

(united nations vs. league of nations): general assembly gives

A

small nations a voice

23
Q

(bretton woods conference-1944) western allies established the …. which encourages … and regulates …

A

international monetary fund (IMF); world trade; currency exchange rates

24
Q

(general agreement on tarrifs and trade (GATT)-1947) reduced … between member nations

A

trade barriers

25
Q

(general agreement on tarrifs and trade (GATT)-1947) set groundwork for the … of today

A

globalized economy

26
Q

(nuremberg trials) nov 1945 through oct 1946: military …

A

tribunals

27
Q

(nuremberg trials) … top Nazis put on trial for “..”

A

22; crimes against humanity

28
Q

(nuremberg trials) top nazis receive: .., .., … year sentences

A

death penalty; life imprisonment; 10-25

29
Q

(nuremberg trials) … more nazis in 2nd phase

A

200

30
Q

(nuremberg trials) …. more nazis tried in regular …

A

1600; military tribunals

31
Q

(alliance frays) U.S. and Britain want: … in Eastern Europe and a .., .. Germany

A

free nations; strong, united

32
Q

(alliance frays) Soviet Union wants: Soviet control of …, a .., … Germany

A

eastern europe; weak; divided

33
Q

(soviet concerns) suspicious of west: intervened in … 1917-1921, soviet union was … before WWII, long delay in … (not until 1944)

A

russian civil war; isolated by world; invading france

34
Q

(soviet concerns) invaded twice by … in ….: want a …

A

germany; last 30 years; buffer zone

35
Q

(soviet concerns) country devastated by war: … dead, … and … in ruins

A

20 million; cities; industry

36
Q

(cold war) the international rivalry between

A

the U.S. and the Soviet Union

37
Q

(cold war) marked by: …, … competition; … race (… and …), competiton for the minds and hearts of …, “… wars”– giving … to different …, no direct …

A

espionage; economic; arms; conventional; nuclear; developing nations; proxy; arms; nations/groups; military conflict

38
Q

(basis for conflict→opposing world views) soviet union: dictatorship- no … or …, communist- … economy, no …

A

free elections; dissent; state-planned; private property

39
Q

(basis for conflict→opposing world views) united states: democracy- … elections, freedom to …, capitalism: free …, …

A

free; dissent; enterprise; private property

40
Q

(superpowers) nations that are …, ., and … superior to all other nations

A

militarily; politically; economically

41
Q

(superpowers) united states: … by war, enormous … base, …

A

untouched; industrial; atomic bomb

42
Q

(superpowers) soviet union: … by war, but significant … and enormous … in .. and …

A

devastated; industry; military; europe; asia

43
Q

(iron curtain) the soviets create … in most of eastern europe: technically … but do what …- 5 million … in Eastern Europe said so!

A

puppet communist governments; independent; soviets tell them; veteran Soviet troops

44
Q

(containment) george F. Kennan: U.S. ambassador to …, expert on ..

A

soviets; soviets

45
Q

(containment) kennan published an article july 1947: “The main element of any U.S. policy toward the Soviet Union must be that of long-term, patient but firm and vigilant … of Russian …

A

containment; expansive tendencies

46
Q

(containment) containment: policy of keeping … within its existing borders

A

communism contained

47
Q

(containment) involves: … not required, support …. governments, wait soviets out and they will …

A

direct conflict; friendly; fail

48
Q

(containment) this is not a policy to

A

convert communist nations

49
Q

(Truman Doctrine-1947) Civil War in Greece: … vs …

A

pro-democracy; pro-communist

50
Q

(Truman Doctrine-1947) turkey under pressure from the USSR for

A

concessions in the Dardanelles

51
Q

(Truman Doctrine-1947) “The US should support … throughout the world who were resisting takeovers by armed minorities or otside pressures…we must assist free peoples to work out their own … in their own way.”

A

free peoples; destinies

52
Q

(Truman Doctrine-1947) truman doctrine: promised to help governments resist …: give .. and …-not …

A

communist threats; money; materials; troops

53
Q

(Truman Doctrine-1947) the U.S. gave Greece & Turkey … in aid

A

$400 million

54
Q

(Marshall plan-1948) economic aid provided to Europe to provide … and …

A

direct relief; rebuild the economy

55
Q

(Marshall plan-1948) $13 billion of US aid: … and …, rebuild …, …, …/…

A

food; fuel; cities; businesses; roads/bridges

56
Q

(Marshall plan-1948) why? prosperous europe will…, buy U.S. ../U.S needs …, Soviet Union & puppets offered aid but …

A

reject Communism;goods; trading partners; stalin said no

57
Q

(Marshall plan-1948) … george marshall

A

secretary of state

58
Q

post war germany divided into

A

occupation zones

59
Q

(berlin blockade) june 1948- stalin cuts off all … to West Berlin- … million people

A

land access; 2

60
Q

(berlin blockade) options: U.S. & allies can use … to force supplies through→result would be …-U.S. would be …

A

military; WWIII; blamed;

61
Q

(berlin blockade) options: supply by …→soviets could …, but then Soviets blamed for …

A

air; shoot planes down; WWIII

62
Q

(berlin blockade & airlift) … and stalin gave in

A

11 months

63
Q

(the federal republic of germany-west germany) created in 1949 with the capital at …

A

bonn

64
Q

(the federal republic of germany-west germany) its army limited to … (275,000)

A

12 divisions

65
Q

(the federal republic of germany-west germany) konrad adenauer→1st …

A

president

66
Q

(the federal republic of germany-west germany) Adenauer: … foreign policy, helped oversee German “…“→2017-4th largest ..

A

pro-western; economic miracle; economy

67
Q

(North Atlantic Treaty Organization-1949) …, .., …, and other … form a defensive alliance-NATO

A

U.S.; Canada; Britain; Western European democracies

68
Q

(North Atlantic Treaty Organization-1949) pledge than an attack on one is an …, aimed to meet ..

A

attack on all; soviet threat

69
Q

(North Atlantic Treaty Organization-1949) still exists: expanded to include many former …, mission is now to serve as a … in the world

A

Soviet puppet states; stabilizing force

70
Q

(Warsaw Pact-1955) soviets eventually respond with their own … that includes … of Eastern Europe

A

defensive alliance; puppet states

71
Q

(Warsaw Pact-1955) theoretically, meant to defend against …, but actually served to keep

A

NATO; puppets in line

72
Q

(Harry Truman: “Give ‘em Hell Harry”) became president when FDR died in …, …

A

april 1945; unpopular

73
Q

(Harry Truman: “Give ‘em Hell Harry”) some said too .. with soviets, others said too …

A

aggressive; soft

74
Q

(Harry Truman: “Give ‘em Hell Harry”) … the military in 1948 by …

A

desegregated; executive order

75
Q

(election of 1948) Truman (democrat) vs. … (republican)

A

thomas dewey

76
Q

(election of 1948) dewey: popular …

A

governor of New York

77
Q

(election of 1948) truman wins both

A

popular and electoral

78
Q

(Japan) New Constittion-1947: … runs government- … influence is purged

A

prime minister; military

79
Q

(Japan) emperor is …

A

figurehead

80
Q

(Japan) renounced war as a …, military for … only

A

policy; defense

81
Q

(Japan) pro-western foreign policy- strong U.S. …→japanese “…”, 2016-world’s 3rd largest …

A

ally; economic miracle; largest economy

82
Q

(tokyo trials) april 1946 through nov 1946: military …

A

tribunals

83
Q

(tokyo trials) 28 top military and gov’t officials put on trial for “…..” and “….”

A

conspiring to plot and wage war; crimes against humanity

84
Q

(tokyo trials) penalties included: … (for 7 including …); ….;… year sentences

A

death penalty; tojo; life imprisonment; 10-25

85
Q

(tokyo trials) … others tried for lesser crimes: mostly …

A

5,700; prisoner abuse

86
Q

(Soviets in Asia-1945) soviets invaded … aug 9

A

japanese-held lands

87
Q

(chinese civil war: 1945-49-proxy war) … vs …: Chiang Kai-Sheik vs. Mao Zedong

A

nationalists; communists

88
Q

(chinese civil war: 1945-49-proxy war) nationalists: supported by … through .. and …, BUT …, put money in own pockets

A

U.S.; money; weapons; corrupt

89
Q

(chinese civil war: 1945-49-proxy war) communists: supported by … through … and …, popular with …: gave them … and promised …

A

soviets; money; weapons; people; good; communist paradise

90
Q

(chinese civil war: 1945-49-proxy war) … win

A

communists

91
Q

(chinese civil war: 1945-49-proxy war) nationalists flee to …

A

taiwan

92
Q

(chinese civil war: 1945-49-proxy war) taiwan protection guaranteed by …

A

U.S.

93
Q

(chinese civil war: 1945-49-proxy war) still a problem between U.S. and China today: china considers taiwan …, wants it back but U.S. …

A

breakaway province; defending taiwain

94
Q

(chinese civil war: 1945-49-proxy war) a 2nd great

A

communist power

95
Q

(Korean War-1950-53) Kim il Sung: … Korea- …/…

A

north; dictator/communist

96
Q

(Korean War-1950-53) syngman rhee: … korea-…./…

A

south; dictator/capitalist

97
Q

(Korean War-1950-53) stage 1: jun 1950: north korea… and … s.korea/US to .. perimeter (north winning)

A

invades; reduces; pusan perimeter

98
Q

(Korean War-1950-53) stage 1: US never declared …: truman sought action through …, congress not ….,

A

war; United Nations; involved

99
Q

(Korean War-1950-53) stage 1: U.S troops the majority of … forces: soviets didn’t overturn because they were boycotting UN due to …

A

U.N.; lack of recognition of China

100
Q

(Korean War-1950-53) stage 2: sept 1950: inchon landing pushes north up to … near … (south winning)

A

yalu river; chinese border

101
Q

(Korean War-1950-53) stage 2: inchon landing was a daring maneuver planned by …- the hero of …

A

general macarthur; wwii

102
Q

(Korean War-1950-53) stage 3: oct 1950-300,000 chinese “volunteers” … and U.S. forces pushed below … (north winning)

A

invade; original border

103
Q

(Korean War-1950-53) stage 3: china felt …, wanted to help communist “…”

A

threatened; little buddy

104
Q

(Korean War-1950-53) macarthur: wanted a …, invade …, blockade …, use … troops

A

total war; china; coast of China; taiwanese

105
Q

(Korean War-1950-53) truman: wanted …, a war with …. in this case- keep south korea …, macarthur was … by truman

A

limited war; specific goals; independent; fired

106
Q

(Korean War-1950-53) stage 4: jan 1951- south …. and pushes up to … (south winning)

A

counterattacks; original border

107
Q

(Korean War-1950-53) stage 5: july 1951-july 1953: … along original border

A

stalemate

108
Q

(Korean War-1950-53) ceasefire: july 1953-present: no … to this day; … americans killed, … from BHS

A

peace treaty; 38,000; 25

109
Q

(Korean War-1950-53) significance for US history: … in action, birth of … as a US policy, expanded powers for .. (de facto)

A

containment; limited war; president

110
Q

(Korean War-1950-53) significance for world today: north/south korean border- “most … in world”: … u.s troops stilll in south korea

A

dangerous place; 30,000

111
Q

(Korean War-1950-53) significance for world today: north trying to develop …, north’s supreme leader Kim Jong Un only … ears old- grandson of …

A

nuclear weapons; 33; Kim il sung

112
Q

(arms race) premier nikita khrushchev: new …, stalind died …: “history is on our side. we will …” (message to …)

A

soviet leader; 1953; bury you; capitalists

113
Q

(arms race-nuclear age) soviets detonated their atomic bomb in …, had stolen many …

A

sept 1949; nuclear secrets

114
Q

(arms race-nuclear age) truman ordered the development of the …, an atomic weapon that used different ..-… more powerful than Hiroshima bomb

A

hydrogen bomb; detonation technology; 100x

115
Q

(arms race-nuclear age) u.s. successfully tested H-bomb in …

A

1952

116
Q

(arms race-nuclear age) soviets followed (h-bomb) in …

A

1953

117
Q

(arms race-nuclear age) arms race: the contest in which nations compete to build ever more

A

powerful weapons

118
Q

(M.A.D) why did the cold war remain cold?→Mutually Assured Destruction (M.A.D): the policy in which the U.S. and Soviets hoped to deter nuclear war by building enough nuclear weapons to

A

completely destroy each other

119
Q

Doomsday Clock: after the soviets tested their H-bomb in 1953: the clock was moved to

A

2 minutes to midnight

120
Q

Eisenhower: wins presidential election of … (republican)

A

192

121
Q

Eisenhower: agreed with …, disliked conflicts like …-too …, installed policy of …

A

containment policy; korea; costly; massive retaliation

122
Q

massive retaliation: the U.S. would respond to aggression with … including …

A

massive force; nuclear weapons

123
Q

massive retaliation: inability to help the 1956 hungarian uprising revealed … of this strategy: was hungary worth nuclear war?

A

shortcomings

124
Q

(space race) oct 1957: soviets launch …, 1st space …, …

A

sputnik; satellite; unmanned

125
Q

(space race) us feared soviets could drop

A

nuclear bombs from space

126
Q

(space race) u.s. actions: national aeronautics and space administration (NASA): to coordinate the space-related efforts of … and the ….

A

scientists; military

127
Q

(space race) national defense education act: … dedicated to promote …

A

$1 billlion; science education

128
Q

(arms race) by the end of the 1950s, nuclear weapons could be delivered by: …, … from …(intercontinental ballistic missiles-ICBMs), … from …

A

plane; missiles; land; missiles; submarines

129
Q

(arms race) by 1960: us had … nuclear warheads, soviets had … nuclear warheads: … bombs for every US. state

A

20,000; 1,600; 32

130
Q

(other efforts) the central intelligence agency-CIA: established in 1947 by Truman as an

A

intelligence-gathering organization

131
Q

(other efforts) eisenhower adds second mission to CIA-

A

secret operations

132
Q

(other efforts) in 1953, the CIA helped overthrow an unfriendly but popular government in …: re-installs U.S. ally- “….”

A

iran; the shah

133
Q

(other efforts) in 1979, a popular revolt overthrows the

A

shah

134
Q

(early developments) truman created the loyalty review board via executive order 9835 (1947): 3 million federal workers investigated for …, 3,000 … or … without formal …

A

communist sympathies; resigned; dismissed; indictment

135
Q

(early developments) motive of loyalty review board: truman wanted to quiet critics who said he was …, but put in precautions to avoid a “…”

A

soft on communism; witch hunt

136
Q

(early developments) mcCarran Internal Security Act-1950: authorized the president to … and … suspicious person during an “….”

A

arrest; detain; internal security emergency

137
Q

(early developments) mccarran internal security act: communists had to register with the ..

A

us. attorney general

138
Q

(early developments) mccarran internal security act: banned picketing outside …

A

federal courthouses

139
Q

(early developments) mccarran internal security act: passed over truman’s …, “the greatest danger to freedom of speech, press, and assembly since the alien and sedition laws of 1798” “ a mockery of the bill of rights” “a long step toward totalitarianism”

A

veto

140
Q

(ethel and Julius Rosenberg) communists in the

A

1930s

141
Q

(ethel and Julius Rosenberg) julius worked at fort monmoth, NJ for the … as an … during WWII

A

army; engineer

142
Q

(ethel and Julius Rosenberg) ethel’s brother (david greenglass) worked on the … in los alamos, NM

A

manhattan project

143
Q

(ethel and Julius Rosenberg) julius and greenglass recruited as … by … during WWII

A

spies; soviets

144
Q

(ethel and Julius Rosenberg) arrested in

A

june 1950

145
Q

(ethel and Julius Rosenberg) greengalss had passed … to julius rosenbert who passed these on to the …

A

atomic secrets; soviets

146
Q

(ethel and Julius Rosenberg) greenglass cooperated and testified that his sister ethel was

A

aware of the affair

147
Q

(ethel and Julius Rosenberg) greenglass received … years in prison

A

15

148
Q

(House Un-American Activities Committee-HUAC) 1938-1975: originally inteded to root out

A

nazi sympathizers

149
Q

(House Un-American Activities Committee-HUAC) from 1945: focused on rooting out

A

communists

150
Q

(House Un-American Activities Committee-HUAC) republican …, from California, one of leading congressmen

A

richard m. nixon

151
Q

(House Un-American Activities Committee-HUAC) whittaker chambers-foregn desk editor of …: caught as a … in 1948

A

time magazine; soviet spy

152
Q

(House Un-American Activities Committee-HUAC) chambers named …, a …, as a soviet spy

A

alger hiss; state department official

153
Q

(House Un-American Activities Committee-HUAC) hiss denied the charges and no

A

evidence was produced

154
Q

(House Un-American Activities Committee-HUAC) hiss lied in his testimony before HUAC and convicted of …: served .. years in prison

A

perjury; 3.5

155
Q

(House Un-American Activities Committee-HUAC) significance: puts .. in headlines: moved up to …, Ike’s … in 1952, future …

A

Nixon; Senate; VP; POTUS

156
Q

(House Un-American Activities Committee-HUAC) significane: nixon using committee to promote himself as

A

anti-communist crusader

157
Q

(hollywood blacklist) hundreds of movie industry professionals were …: stars, directors, screenwriters, musicians, etc.

A

haulted before the HUAC

158
Q

(hollywood blacklist) asked about … or past involvement with the …

A

communist sympathies; communist party

159
Q

(hollywood blacklist) ten people cited their …

A

1st amendment rights to free speech

160
Q

(hollywood blacklist) result: ten artists were “blacklisted”– banned from …., including … “Johnny Got His Gun”

A

working in the industry; dalton trumbo

161
Q

(hollywood blacklist) hundreds of others later affected- had to/wanted to …:
… - “War of the World” radio broadcaster/”Citizen Kane”
….-wrote “Brother Can You Spare a Dime”
….- “The Tramp” of the Silent Era of Film

A

leave the US; Orson Welles; YIP Harbargh; Charlie Chaplin

162
Q

(hollywood blacklist) “The most … thing in the country”- 1959: former president .. regarding …

A

un-American; Truman; HUAC

163
Q

(McCarthyism: 1950-54) Sen Joseph McCarthy: republican from ….

A

wisconsin

164
Q

(McCarthyism: 1950-54) mccarthy claimed secretary of state Dean Acheson “knowingly employs ….” but when pressed, backed off and said it was really … but he had a …, would not share it publicly

A

203 communists; 57; list

165
Q

(McCarthyism: 1950-54) mcCarthy’s “reign of terror” lasted 1950-54: moderate voices “cowed” out of fear of being …, had de facto power over ….-purges cost state department many …

A

labeled a communist; state department appointments; valuable personnel

166
Q

(McCarthy’s downfall) in 1954, McCarthy went after the …, described former Army Chieff of Staff (WWII) and Secretary of State George C. Marshall as “part of a conspiracy so immense and an infamy so black as to dwarf any previous venture in the history of man”

A

United States Army

167
Q

(McCarthy’s downfall) Army-McCarthy Hearings-Spring 1954: … days of hearings, …

A

35 days; televised

168
Q

(McCarthy’s downfall) mcCarthy’s brutish methods …, the public …, officially … by the senate by …, died of … at age 48 in 1957

A

exposed; turned against him; censured; vote; alcoholism

169
Q

(mcCarthyism today?) sen. ted cruz accused the harvard law school of “harboring a dozen … on its faculty when I studied there” from 1992 until 1995, grilled secretary of defense nominee chuck hagel in 2012, implying that hagel took money from …

A

communists; North Korea

170
Q

(the economy) post-war blues: GDP fell by … in 1946, flat in 1947, prices rose .. in 1947

A

10%; 33%

171
Q

(the economy) employment act of 1946: codified offical government policy to maximize: …, …, … (…)

A

employment; production; purchasing power (inflation)

172
Q

(the economy) employment act of 1946: truman created …. attached to the white house

A

council of economic advisors

173
Q

(the economy) significance of employment act: solidified new deal expectation that the federal government should

A

be involved in the economy

174
Q

(the economy) millions of young men leaving the military after the war: most had little or no

A

work experience

175
Q

(the economy) the servicemen’s readjustment act of 1944: commonly called the … (courtesy of FDR)

A

G.I. Bill

176
Q

(the economy) G.I. Bill: … per week for … weeks after discharge, free … for college or vocational/technical school: … million took advantage, gov’t guaranteed low interest loans for …, .., and …

A

$20; 52 weeks; tuition; 8; home; farms; businesses

177
Q

(post-war boom: 1950-1970) sustained … growth, national income … in 1950s, nearly … again in 1960s

A

GDP; doubled; doubled

178
Q

(post-war boom: 1950-1970) americans were … of world population yet owned … of the world’s wealth

A

6%; 40%

179
Q

(post-war boom: 1950-1970) the middle class doubled from … (1920s) to …

A

30%; 60%

180
Q

(post-war boom: 1950-1970) union membership peaked at … of workers in 1954

A

35%

181
Q

(post-war boom: 1950-1970) taft-hartley act (1947) weakened ..

A

union requirements

182
Q

(post-war boom: 1950-1970) union membership at … in 2014

A

11%

183
Q

(post-war boom: 1950-1970) reason for boom: U.S. … by war, cheap …: u.s. and british oil companies exploited …, … spending (10% of GDP), worker … increases: more … population, …, …, ..

A

unravaged; energy; oil producing nations; defense; productivity; educated; technology; transistors; computers

184
Q

(baby boomers) … million babies born 1946-1964, …-….% of current U.S. population

A

75; 20-25%

185
Q

(baby boomers) why? returning soldiers wanted to “…” and have a “…” after horrors of war ; remember their own tough … childhood; … and … in post-war economy

A

settle down; nice family; depression-era; optimism; opportunity

186
Q

fertility rate: 1958- …, 2014-…

A

3.6, 1.88

187
Q

(generations) the greatest generation (1901-1927)(1915-27): childhood/youth/young adults: ….
fought in …
parents in the …/….

A

great depression; wwii; 1950s/1960s

188
Q

(generations) the silent generation (1927-1945): teenagers of …, … war

A

1950s; korean

189
Q

(generations) baby boomers (1946-1964): grade school in …, teenagers/college kids of … (hippies)

A

1950s/1960s; 1960s/70s

190
Q

(generations) generation X:

A

1965-1980)

191
Q

(generations) generation Y: (…) (1981-2001)

A

millenials

192
Q

(generations) generation Z (….)

A

2002-?

193
Q

(the suburbs) millions moved ot the suburbs in pursuit of the “…”: own your own …, more space for …, a yard, grass, trees, white picket fence

A

american dream; home; growing families

194
Q

(the suburbs) who? …, … workers, skilled …-overwhelmingly …

A

war vets; white-collar; blue collar workers; white

195
Q

(the suburbs) redlining: discriminatory practice in which banks, insurance companies, etc, refuse someone because they live in areas that are considered to be of

A

financial risk

196
Q

(the suburbs) how? generous federal loans for .., small …/…

A

vets; down payment; low interest

197
Q

(the suburbs) “white flight” to suburbs left lower income people in cities which led to …; poor … and …

A

urban decay; whites; african-americans

198
Q

(the suburbs) movie representing plights of americans:

A

the man in the gray flannel suit

199
Q

(the suburbs) tract housing- uniform/similar houses built by a

A

developer and sold on speculation

200
Q

(the suburbs) tract housing: levitt brothers were …, used efficient … developed during WW2 in field of …:
levittown NY, Levittown NJ, Levittown PA

A

pioneers; assembly line techniques; house construction

201
Q

(sun belt) millions started moving to the sun belt for: …, …, low ..,

A

jobs; climate; taxes

202
Q

(sun belt) rust belt today:

A

michigan throgh western PA

203
Q

(interstate system) federal highway act of 1956: $27 billion to build … miles of wide, fast …

A

42,000; motorways

204
Q

(interstate system) ike inspired by

A

german autobahns

205
Q

(interstate system) primary purpose to move …

A

troops easily in case of Soviet attack

206
Q

(interstate system) impact: facilitated migration to … and …:, but: hurt … industry/ increased … and ..

A

suburbs; sun belt; passenger train; energy use; pollution

207
Q

(television) no real television broadcasts in 1930s and early 1940s due to

A

depressiona nd war

208
Q

(television) late 1940s: rich people’s

A

novelty

209
Q

(television) 1946: … tv stations/ 1956: … stations

A

6; 442

210
Q

(television) … million sold in 1951

A

7

211
Q

(television) by 1960, virtually all american homes had one, color tvs spread in the

A

1960s

212
Q

(television) family shows:

A

“father knows best”

“leave it to Beaver”

213
Q

(television) comedy shows:

A

“I Love Lucy”

“The Honeymooners”

214
Q

(television) variety shows

A

the ed sullivan show

215
Q

(television) game shows:

A

what’s my line?

The $64,000 question

216
Q

(television) kid shows:

A

the howdy doody show

the mickey mouse club

217
Q

(nixon on tv) the checkers speech: sen. richard nixon had been chosen to be eisenhower’s running mate on the republican presidential ticket in …, but in Sept, reports of an … slush fund put together by … came to light

A

1952; $18,000; nixon supporters

218
Q

(nixon on tv) the republican nat’l committee bought … minutes of airtime on national tv: significance- saved nixon’s spot as …, first use of tv by politician to make …

A

30 ; VP; direct appeal to the public

219
Q

(1950s movies) cold war fears reflected in …: …, …

A

science fiction: Body Snatchers, The Day the Earth Stood Still

220
Q

(Teens of the 1950s:) The silent generation (1928-1945): first generation of teens that had …, no child … (outlawed 1937), most not …, no “…” war, … economy

A

leisure time; labor; farmers; hot; prosperous

221
Q

(music) the parents (greatest generation): loved …- continuation of …, popular with many … too

A

frank sinatra; jazz age; teens

222
Q

(music) frank sinatra sang from the ….: tunes written …: geoge gershwin, irving berlin, johnny mercer, cole porter, rogers and hart; sung by …

A

Great American Songbook; 1920-1960; many artists

223
Q

(early rock and roll) many african-americans listened to “…” (roy brown–…)

A

Rhythm & blues; good rockin’ at midnight

224
Q

(early rock and roll) Rhythm and blues: … oriented, yet with … more prominent; music, like american society, was …: most americans (…%) …, or not …

A

jazz; guitar; segregated; 91; unaware; interested

225
Q

(early rock and roll) the electric guitar was invented in …: acoustic guitar hard to hear amongst …

A

1931; Big Bands

226
Q

(early rock and roll) by early 1950s, white southerners start to pick up on this “…” they had been playing guitar for …

A

sound; country music

227
Q

(early rock and roll) bill haley and the comets: former country band performed “….”: featured as oppening song to “….” film

A

Rock Around the Clock; Blackboard Jungle

228
Q

(early rock and roll) bill haley and the comets: kicked off national interest in music now known as “….” 1955

A

rock and roll

229
Q

(early rock and roll) teens wanted a … of their own and wanted to rebel against …

A

music; rigid social norms

230
Q

(early rock and roll) alan freed- a…in cleveland: noticed white teenagers were buying “…” rhythm and blues records

A

radio host; black

231
Q

(early rock and roll) freed promoted these songs on the …, dubbed the music “….”, organized … and …

A

air; rock and roll; tours; films

232
Q

(early rock and roll) elvis presley: … years old, from Tupelo, Mississippi, recorded regional hit “….” 1954, elvis sang in the manner of … artists but was …, and …, which made him instantly appealing to millions of .. (guys wanted to be him)

A

19; That’s Alright Mama; African-American rhythm and blues; white; handsome; teenage girls

233
Q

(chuck berry) guitar …, wrote … and … about …, …,and …; signifiacne: established the guitar as the …

A

virtuoso; music; lyrics; girls; cars; school; core instrument of rock and roll

234
Q

(john f. kennedy) election of 1960: john f. kennedy: democrat, us. … from …

A

senator; massachusetts

235
Q

(john f. kennedy) election of 1960: richard m. nixon: republican, eisenhower’s …, former senator from …

A

vp; california

236
Q

(john f. kennedy) election of 1960: landmark election: 1st time both candidates born in …

A

20th century

237
Q

(john f. kennedy) kennedy’s religion was an issue: he was a …, u.s. never had a … president: many feared he would take orders from the …

A

roman catholic; catholic; pope

238
Q

(john f. kennedy) first televised …: tv only about .. years old, TV … played a decisive role in the …

A

presidential debates; 10; debates; outcome

239
Q

(john f. kennedy) JFK offered america a “…”, visited … on Sept 12, 1960

A

new frontier; newark

240
Q

(john f. kennedy) when MLK in jail, Senator JFK convinced local authorities to: take mlk out of …, given access to … and …

A

solitary confinement; lawyers; wife

241
Q

(john f. kennedy) visited big city bosses to “….”

A

get out the vote

242
Q

(john f. kennedy) Nixon: dissipated his energies by …, emphasized his …

A

campaigning in all 50 states; experience

243
Q

(john f. kennedy) popular vote: only … vote difference but Kennedy wins!

A

120,000

244
Q

(john f. kennedy) only a few thousand votes in … and … gave JFK the victory: evidence Kennedy campaign greased money from the … and the … in Chicago

A

illinois; texas; mafia; teamster union

245
Q

(john f. kennedy) lyndon johnson (JFK running mate): senator from … (helped JFK get votes in …)

A

texas; south

246
Q

(kennedy’s agenda) peace corps: goal: to promoe … and ….

A

world peace; friendship

247
Q

(kennedy’s agenda) peace corps: how? volunteers work in … countries- … assistance, …, … services

A

third world; technical; education; health

248
Q

(kennedy’s agenda) peace corps: committed resoures to …: set 1970 as the goal for an american …, introduced … legislation

A

space exploration; on the moon; Civil Rights

249
Q

(bay of pigs invasion) background: cuba went … in 1959 under …: u.s. businesses lost … in the revolution, a soviet ally only … from florida

A

communist; fidel castro; millions; 90 miles

250
Q

(bay of pigs invasion) pres. eisenhower and CIA plotted to train …. to … Cuba and … Castro

A

Cuban exiles; invade; otherthrow

251
Q

(bay of pigs invasion) kennedy inherited this plan, and the CIA convinced him to launch it; april 1961: 1,400 CIA trained Cuban exiles invade Cuba at the …, a massive …: … are … or …

A

Bay of Pigs; failure; 1100; killed; captured

252
Q

(bay of pigs invasion) why a failure? kennedy called off U.S. … at last minute out of concern for …, in reality, … and … on many levels

A

air support; angering the soviets; ill-conceived; poorly planned

253
Q

(berlin crisis) west berlin was a … and … oasis in a Communist East Germany: … million East Germans had escaped to the … by 1961

A

free; prosperous; 3.5; west

254
Q

(berlin crisis) bberlin wall erected in ..: significantly increased …, JFK visited West Berlin in June 1963 to demonstrate …

A

aug 1961; cold war tensions; u.s. support for west germany

255
Q

(cuban missile crisis) in oct 1962, U.S. aerial reconnaissance photos revealed that the Soviets had secretly placed

A

nuclear missiles on Cuba

256
Q

(cuban missile crisis) missiles launched from Cuba would hit washington, D.C. in

A

10 minutes

257
Q

(cuban missile crisis) after jfk speech, on oct 22: … days of high tension negotiations: …in effect/ U.S. poised to …. Cuba and Soviet Union- U.S. plane …, U.S. Navy attacks a Soviet ..

A

6; blockade; attack; shot down submarine

258
Q

(cuban missile crisis) oct 27: JFK sends last offer to …, u.s. ready to ….on …

A

Khrushchev/Soviets; invade; 10/28

259
Q

(cuban missile crisis) khrushchev …. kennedy’s offer

A

accepts

260
Q

(cuban missile crisis) the deal: U.S. promises to …, soviets will remove their ….

A

never invade Cuba; nuclear missiles from Cuba

261
Q

(cuban missile crisis) secret part of the deal: U.S. agrees to remove nuclear missiles from …. and …

A

Turkey; Italy

262
Q

(cuban missile crisis) who won? the world: A …. established in 1963, above ground …. signed in 1963

A

washington-moscow hotline; nuclear test ban

263
Q

(cuban missile crisis) Kennedy/U.S.: Soviet missiles were …, U.S. missiles in Turkey/Italy were a secret
JFK’s approval rating went from … to …

A

removed; 66%; 77%

264
Q

(cuban missile crisis) khrushchev removed from power

A

2 years later

265
Q

(JFK goes to Dallas) prime reason was to smooth over internal …. before 1964 re-election, also went to promote the

A

Democratic Party politics; space program

266
Q

(cuban missile crisis) map shows Kennedy’s … through dallas the next day- nov 22

A

motorcade route

267
Q

(JFK assassination) JFK was president for … years, … months, … days

A

2; 10; 2

268
Q

(JFK assassination) november 22, 1963: JFK was in dallas, tx on a mainly …. trip
JFK was … while travelling in an … through …

A

political; shot; open car; Dealey Plaza

269
Q

(JFK assassination) Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested 1 hr. later- after ….- and was the main suspect in the assassination

A

shooting a Dallas police officer

270
Q

(JFK assassination) who was oswald? born in …, former …: rated a “…”
defected to the … in 1960: worked in a .., Soviets thought he was “….”
returned to the US: got a job in the … in Dallas

A

1939; U.S. Marine; sharpshooter; Soviet Union; factory; unstable; Texas Book Depository warehouse

271
Q

(JFK assassination) two days later (nov 24): … - a Dallas “businessman”: … and … Oswald in the Dallas Police Station

A

Jack Ruby; shot; killed

272
Q

(JFK assassination) JFK was buried on Nov 25 in

A

Arlington National Cemetery

273
Q

(JFK assassination) The Warren Commission: appointed by … nov 29
this panel, chaired by Chief Justice …, investigated the assassination

A

President Johnson; Earl Warren

274
Q

(JFK assassination) in sept 1964 it issued an … page report:

  • oswald … and … JFK
  • Ruby … and … Oswald
  • each acted …
A

889; shot; killed; shot; killed; alone