Cold Weather Ops Flashcards
(208 cards)
1
Q
What are the procedures designed for?
A
To assist in initial systems operations after prolonged cold soak conditions.
2
Q
What should be done to the nose and main landing gear tires before departure from a warm location?
A
Serviced beyond normal recommended pressures.
3
Q
How is cockpit and cabin heating accomplished?
A
Using APU bleed air.
4
Q
What can expedite heating in the cockpit and cabin?
A
Closing the main, internal baggage, and external baggage doors.
5
Q
What is a method to assist in closing the main door?
A
Pulling inboard on the upper airstair or pushing on the door exterior.
6
Q
When should the airplane be refueled when departing from a cold weather airport?
A
The day of departure.
7
Q
What should be added to the waste tank to preclude ice formation during long flights?
A
Two gallons of lavatory antifreeze (Cryotech Glacier E36, or BioTHERM Fluids RV).
8
Q
What is the effect of adding antifreeze to the waste tank?
A
Reduces usable waste tank capacity approximately 18%.
9
Q
For icing procedures, which chapter should be referred to?
A
AFM Chapter 1 Limitations, Ice and Rain Protection.
10
Q
What should be referred to for a summary of cold weather checklist?
A
Table 1. Cold Weather Checklist Summary.
11
Q
Fill in the blank: Heating can be expedited by closing the _______.
A
main, internal baggage, and external baggage doors.
12
Q
True or False: It is not necessary to service tires before cold weather operations.
A
False.
13
Q
What is the purpose of using APU bleed air in cold weather operations?
A
To heat the cockpit and cabin.
14
Q
What should the flight crew be alert for during preflight preparation?
A
Inspect areas where surface snow or frost could change or affect normal system operations
15
Q
What is the first step in the supplemental preflight checks?
A
Ensure all protective covers and plugs are removed
16
Q
Why should main landing gear wheels have chocks in place?
A
To prevent movement, but be aware that chocks may not hold on slippery surfaces unless sanded
17
Q
What position should the parking brake handle be in before leaving the cockpit?
A
Released (OFF) position
18
Q
What should be done with the SMC circuit breakers before leaving the cockpit?
A
Pull (open) the SMC circuit breakers (POP, C-3 and CPOP, C-3)
19
Q
When should the SMC circuit breakers be reset?
A
When cockpit and cabin temperatures have reached approximately +65°F (+18°C)
20
Q
What areas of the wing should be checked for ice or snow?
A
Leading edges, control surfaces, balance panel cavities, wing trailing edge, flight control actuators, cable runs, and push rods
21
Q
What should be done if ice or snow is removed from the wing?
A
Recheck control balance cavities for drainage to prevent puddled water from refreezing
22
Q
What should be ensured about the APU inlet?
A
It is clear of impacted ice or snow
23
Q
What should be checked regarding the engine inlets?
A
They should be clear of internal ice or snow and the LP compressor should rotate freely
24
Q
What should be ensured about fuel tank vents?
A
They are clear of all traces of ice or snow
25
What can cause erroneous static readings even if static ports are clear?
Water rundown from snow removal may refreeze forward of static ports
26
What should be ensured about landing gear doors?
They are unobstructed and free of impacted ice or snow
27
What should be done to brakes, wheels, and wheel wells?
Ensure they are clear of snow, slush, or ice and clean as necessary
28
What is the recommended method to thaw frozen brakes?
Use hot air
29
What should be added to the waste tank to preclude ice formation during long flights?
2 gallons of Cryotech Glacier E36 Lavatory Antifreeze
30
What is an alternate fluid for lavatory antifreeze?
BioTHERM Fluids RV Antifreeze
31
Fill in the blank: The parking brake handle should be in the _______ position before leaving the cockpit.
released (OFF)
32
True or False: Chocks will always hold on slippery surfaces.
False
33
What is the effect of additional antifreeze on waste tank capacity?
Reduces usable waste tank capacity approximately 18 percent
## Footnote
This is important for maintaining operational efficiency.
34
What can happen to the nose landing gear shock strut in extremely cold temperatures?
May fully compress (bottom out) during heavy braking
## Footnote
Refer to AMM 12-10-01 for servicing recommendations.
35
What temperature is considered extremely cold for nose landing gear operations?
At or less than 0°F (-17.8°C)
## Footnote
This temperature requires special servicing procedures.
36
What should be verified regarding air conditioning inlets and exits before engine start?
Clear of ice or snow
## Footnote
Ensures proper air flow and prevents system malfunctions.
37
What must be ensured about the outflow and pressure relief valves?
Free of impacted ice or snow and unobstructed
## Footnote
This is crucial for safe aircraft operation.
38
If the APU is operating with APU AIR selected to ON, what must be checked?
Outflow valve and pressure relief valve are fully open
## Footnote
This prevents pressure issues in the cabin.
39
What should be done if main airplane batteries are to be exposed to temperatures below -20°C?
Batteries should be removed and stored in a warmer area
## Footnote
This prevents damage and ensures starting capability.
40
What is the recommended storage temperature range for nickel-cadmium batteries?
Warmer than -20°C (-4°F) but below 40°C (104°F)
## Footnote
This balance is necessary to maintain battery health.
41
What must be done with the EBHA battery before engine start in cold temperatures?
Ensure it is reinstalled and connected
## Footnote
Proper installation is critical for flight control functionality.
42
What should be done if the EBHA battery will be exposed to temperatures below -20°C?
Remove and store in a warmer area
## Footnote
This helps avoid potential battery failure during operations.
43
What effect does exposure to extreme cold have on battery efficiency?
Decreases battery efficiency and adversely affects battery charging capacity
## Footnote
Battery performance can be significantly reduced in cold temperatures, impacting operational readiness.
44
What is the function of the APU MASTER switch when turned ON?
Powers the APU Electronic Control Unit (ECU) and initiates a Built-In-Test (BIT)
## Footnote
The ECU ensures that all parameters are acceptable for APU start.
45
True or False: The APU starting process is inhibited when the READY light is not illuminated.
False
## Footnote
The flight crew can still proceed with APU start even if the READY light is not illuminated.
46
What must be verified before attempting an APU start in the absence of the READY light?
The APU air inlet door must be verified to be open
## Footnote
Ensuring the inlet door is open is crucial for safe APU operation.
47
What temperatures may cause the APU EGT and RPM displays to be unreadable?
+5°F (-15°C) or colder
## Footnote
Low temperatures can affect the readability of critical APU operational data.
48
What might cause a slower-than-normal APU start?
Ambient temperature and condition of the batteries
## Footnote
Battery performance may degrade in cold conditions, impacting APU starting time.
49
What are the adverse effects on APU operation caused by ice?
Ice accumulations in the APU inlet and ingestion of ice or foreign materials
## Footnote
Ice can lead to higher than normal EGT indications and reduced duct pressure.
50
How can airplane heating be expedited during APU operation?
By closing both main entry and baggage compartment doors
## Footnote
This helps in retaining heat within the aircraft.
51
At what temperature should cockpit systems power up be delayed until?
+65°F (+18°C)
## Footnote
Delaying power-up helps prevent distorted symbology and operational delays.
52
What systems should be delayed in powering up until cockpit, cabin, and EER temperatures reach approximately +65°F?
Display Units (DUs), Standby Multifunction Controllers (SMCs), and Inertial Reference Systems (IRSs)
## Footnote
Ensuring appropriate temperatures helps maintain system integrity.
53
What can extreme cold soaking cause in the Crew Advisory System (CAS)?
Spurious failure messages and indications
## Footnote
This occurs until the core temperature of control units reaches normal operating temperatures.
54
What should be done once temperatures reach approximately +65°F?
Reset the SMC circuit breakers and turn on the IRSs
## Footnote
This is part of the standard pre-flight checklist to ensure system readiness.
55
What is the minimum oil temperature for starting an engine?
-40°C
## Footnote
This is the threshold temperature below which special procedures are required for engine start.
56
What should be engaged prior to starting the engine when the oil temperature is -10°C or colder?
Parking brake (ON)
## Footnote
Ensuring the parking brake is engaged is critical for safety during engine start.
57
What should be done to the left and right generator switches before engine start?
Select L GEN / R GEN to OFF
## Footnote
This allows the IDG oil to warm without load, preventing nuisance trips.
58
What action should be taken if L-R Generator Fail or L-R AC Power Fail messages are observed after engine start?
Select the affected GEN switch to OFF for 15 seconds, then back to ON
## Footnote
This is necessary to reset the generators after a failure indication.
59
How many crank cycles are allowed for engine starting?
3 crank cycles
## Footnote
Each crank cycle must not exceed 3 minutes, with a 15-second delay between cycles.
60
What is the recommended action if preheating facilities are not available for cold-soak engine starts?
Attempt engine start even if oil temperature is in the red range
## Footnote
The FADEC allows engine start under these conditions, although it is not ideal.
61
What should be done to ensure engines are ready for start after prolonged cold-soak?
Run each engine through a crank cycle
## Footnote
Follow the specified steps to ensure the engine is primed for starting.
62
What action should be taken if the Starter Air Valve (SAV) does not open or no rotation is achieved during the crank cycle?
Discontinue the crank cycle
## Footnote
This indicates a potential issue that needs to be addressed before further attempts.
63
Fill in the blank: The Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC) will not restrict the duration of the _______.
Starter operation
## Footnote
Pilots must adhere to specified starter duty cycles to avoid damage.
64
True or False: The pilot can operate the starter motor continuously without any restrictions.
False
## Footnote
There are specific duty cycles and limitations for starter operation.
65
What should be done if the SAV does not open?
The valve should be manually overridden.
## Footnote
See the Aircraft Maintenance Manual (AMM) for procedures on manually overriding the starter air valve.
66
What is the first step in the starting procedure before dispatch?
Start each engine using the Normal Engine Ground Start checklist with modifications.
## Footnote
Modifications include allowing each engine to achieve maximum LP and HP rotation before selecting the Fuel Control switch to ON.
67
How long should each engine stabilize before proceeding with the start?
Forty-five (45) seconds.
## Footnote
An outside observer should confirm positive LP rotation.
68
What happens if the Turbine Gas Temperature (TGT) exceeds start limits?
FADEC will automatically abort the start.
## Footnote
The maximum TGT allowed prior to start is 150°C.
69
What is the minimum dry crank duration before further start attempts?
A minimum of 30 seconds.
## Footnote
This should be followed by a start in accordance with normal procedures.
70
What should be completed after both engines are started?
The After Engine Start checklist.
## Footnote
It is recommended that all engine parameters achieve normal range values prior to flight.
71
What is the minimum oil temperature to accelerate engines for taxi power?
-30°C.
72
What is the minimum oil temperature for takeoff thrust?
+20°C.
73
What should be verified shortly after reaching idle speed during engine start?
Engine instruments should indicate approximately normal.
## Footnote
This verification is part of the After Engine Start procedure.
74
What may occur during cold weather starts regarding oil pressure?
Oil pressure may temporarily exceed maximum pressure limits.
## Footnote
This will happen until oil temperature rises.
75
Fill in the blank: The start fuel schedule increases initial fuel flow following _______ exposure to cold weather.
extended
76
True or False: A crank cycle can be used to reduce TGT prior to the next start attempt.
True.
77
What should be checked during the After Engine Start checklist?
Engine oil pressure.
## Footnote
High oil pressure may temporarily occur during cold weather starts.
78
What action should be taken if takeoff pressure limits are exceeded?
Takeoff should be delayed until pressure drops below maximum limits.
79
When must COWL / WING ANTI ICE be turned ON?
During all ground and flight operations when icing conditions exist or are anticipated.
80
What may happen to vibration levels during icing conditions?
Vibration levels may rise and fall as spontaneous ice shedding occurs.
81
What temperature condition requires a specific taxiing procedure in icing conditions?
Temperature less than plus 1°C (34°F).
82
What is the warning associated with the ice shedding procedure?
Ensure the area behind the engines is clear to prevent damage to other aircraft or structures.
83
What should be done when taxiing or holding on the ground at low power in icing conditions?
Accelerate the engine at defined time intervals and settings according to manufacturer guidelines.
84
What is recommended just prior to takeoff in icing conditions?
Accelerate the engine according to manufacturer's guidelines and AFM Limitations.
85
What procedure is recommended when operating in snowing conditions with visibility of one statute mile or less?
Slowly accelerate engine to 70% LP, pause for one minute, then either resume idle or accelerate to takeoff thrust.
86
What should be done if engine inlets could not be thoroughly inspected before engine start?
Slowly accelerate engine to 70% LP, pause for one minute, then resume idle operation.
87
What may occur during acceleration and deceleration in heavy icing conditions?
Momentary increases in vibration may occur but should subside after icing has ceased.
88
What should be done to prevent damage to other airplanes or structures during takeoff?
Ensure the area behind the engines is clear
89
What is the first step to take just prior to takeoff?
Accelerate the engine to 40 percent LP RPM, pause to check normal engine operation, then select takeoff thrust
90
How often should the engine be accelerated to 40 percent LP RPM during operations?
At intervals of not more than 60 minutes
91
What should be done during the 10-second pause after accelerating the engine?
Check for normal engine operation
92
What may be disregarded during acceleration and deceleration?
Any momentary increase in vibration noted
93
In what conditions might intermittent increases in vibration occur?
During heavy icing conditions
94
What is the procedure for checking wing flaps before taxi?
Check wing flaps for normal operations and leave flaps in retracted position
95
What should be done if airplane de-icing is required?
Refer to 03-00-200: Ground De-Icing / Anti-Icing Procedures
96
What caution should be taken during de-icing operations?
Ensure engine bleeds are off and doors and outflow valve are closed
97
What should be avoided while taxiing?
Puddles and slush
98
Fill in the blank: Taxi as soon as possible after _______.
engine start
99
What is the minimum brake temperature that should be achieved to aid in dissipating moisture?
100°C
100
What pressure should be used during several brake applications when stopped?
3000 psi
101
True or False: It is advisable to set the parking brake for any length of time.
False
102
What is a potential issue with nose wheel steering if used carelessly?
Nose wheel skidding
103
When entering turns during taxi, what should be the speed and rate of steering input?
Low taxi speeds and moderate rates of steering input
104
Fill in the blank: Brake effectiveness is reduced on ______ surfaces.
contaminated
105
What should be maintained between airplanes when taxiing on ice or snow-covered taxiways?
Increased separation
106
What is the risk of using idle reverse thrust during taxi on snow or slush-covered taxiways?
Foreign Object Damage (FOD)
107
Why should taxiing be done with flaps up in slush or standing water?
To prevent snow and slush accumulation on flaps and flap actuators
108
What should be conducted within 5 minutes of takeoff?
Pre-takeoff final inspection
109
What must the pilot do if there is doubt about the airplane's condition?
Conduct a hands-on inspection or have the airplane de-iced again
110
What are signs of loss of effectiveness of de-icing fluid or contamination of airplane surfaces?
* Progressive surface freezing
* Snow accumulation
111
What is the effect of random snow accumulation on surface reflectiveness?
Dulling of surface reflectiveness (loss of gloss) caused by gradual deterioration of the de-icing/anti-icing fluid to slush.
## Footnote
This can impact the aircraft's performance and safety during operations.
112
What should be monitored closely when operating the wing flaps during low?
Positive movement.
## Footnote
If the flaps or stabilizer stop, action must be taken immediately.
113
What should be done if the flaps have been retracted for taxi?
Extend the flaps to the desired takeoff setting.
## Footnote
This is crucial for ensuring proper takeoff configuration.
114
When should Wing Anti-Ice be selected for takeoff?
When operating with Type II, Type III, or Type IV fluids applied.
## Footnote
This helps prevent ice accumulation on the wings.
115
What is the maximum cumulative time for using Wing Anti-Ice with specific fluids?
20 minutes.
## Footnote
Exceeding this limit requires cleaning the fluid off the leading edges.
116
How should fluid residue be removed from the wing leading edges?
By physically wiping it off with a cloth or chamois, potentially using warm water if conditions permit.
## Footnote
Additional applications of de-ice or anti-ice fluid are not effective for cleaning.
117
What must be accomplished before brake release during takeoff?
An engine run-up to as high thrust as possible and check for STABLE engine operation.
## Footnote
This ensures engine reliability for takeoff.
118
What are the takeoff and accelerate-stop distances based on?
Smooth, dry, hard surface runways with no credit for reverse thrust.
## Footnote
This information is critical for flight planning and safety.
119
True or False: Reduced (FLEX) thrust should be used for takeoff.
False.
## Footnote
Full thrust is required for safe takeoff performance.
120
What checklist should be completed to assure the airplane is configured for takeoff?
Before Takeoff checklist.
## Footnote
This checklist includes all necessary procedures to ensure safety before takeoff.
121
What happens to stopping distance on slippery runways?
Stopping distance increases on slippery runways
## Footnote
Minimum allowable Vy speed should be used.
122
What caution should be taken during takeoffs on slippery runways?
Caution should be used for takeoffs with high crosswinds, slush, or wet snow
## Footnote
Slush and water bow wave forms in front of landing gear wheels.
123
What occurs during takeoff in slush?
A slush and water bow wave forms in front of the landing gear wheels
## Footnote
Acceleration rate during low speed is normal but may deteriorate at high speed.
124
What should be selected for takeoff in conditions with slush or water?
WING ANTI ICE should be selected to ON for takeoff
## Footnote
This helps prevent ice accumulation on the leading edge during climb.
125
What should be verified after setting rated takeoff Engine Pressure Ratio (EPR)?
Verify LP RPM and other engine indications are normal by 60 kts
## Footnote
Engine display page indicating needles all at approximately 'nine o'clock' position or higher.
126
What actions should be taken if a takeoff is rejected on a slick runway?
Deploy ground spoilers, use maximum reverse thrust, and maximum anti-skid braking
## Footnote
Resist the temptation to release brakes during anti-skid braking.
127
What should be used for directional control below 50 kts?
Use the rudder primarily for directional control down to 50 kts
## Footnote
The anti-skid system will provide the minimum stopping distance for the runway condition.
128
What should be done if a loss of directional control develops?
Reduce reverse thrust to idle reverse and use rudder pedal steering
## Footnote
Nose steering wheel, rudder, and differential braking may also be used.
129
At what speed should the aircraft rotate to normal takeoff attitude?
Rotate to normal takeoff attitude at VR - NOT BEFORE
## Footnote
VR is the reference speed for rotation.
130
What is the procedure for gear retraction after takeoff?
Delay gear retraction if practical to allow slush and snow to be slung off
## Footnote
Cycling the gear may further reduce accumulations.
131
What happens to WING ANTI ICE after climbing above 1,500 ft AGL?
WING ANTI ICE will automatically be selected to ON if ice is detected
## Footnote
This vents warm air into the wheel well area to assist in melting ice.
132
What is recommended for pilots when flying in icing conditions?
The autopilot be periodically disengaged and the pilot hand fly the airplane to check airplane trim and flying qualities.
133
What is the recommended minimum maneuvering speed for Flaps 0°?
200 KCAS
134
What is the recommended minimum maneuvering speed for Flaps 10°?
180 KCAS
135
What is the recommended minimum maneuvering speed for Flaps 20°?
150 KCAS
136
What is the recommended minimum maneuvering speed for Flaps 39°?
VREF +5 knots
137
How can large glaze ice formations be shed during takeoff or departure?
By accelerating the airplane at low altitude to raise the airplane skin temperature several degrees above freezing.
138
What temperature rise may be affected by a 100 KCAS increase?
A 15°F temperature rise.
139
What limits the ability to affect temperature rise below 10,000 feet MSL?
The 250 knot speed limit.
140
What does the intensity of icing describe?
Trace, light, moderate, and severe.
141
What factors affect ice accretion on an airfoil?
Extent of ice accretion, shape, roughness, and height.
142
What are operational descriptors of ice that may not adequately convey hazards?
Rime, clear, or mixed ice.
143
Where does ice tend to accumulate on an airfoil at low AOA?
More on the upper surface.
144
Where does ice tend to accumulate on an airfoil at higher AOA?
More on the lower surface.
145
What are normal icing cues?
Temperature below freezing combined with visible moisture and ice on the winglets and/or wing leading edges.
146
Fill in the blank: Ice tends to accumulate more on the upper surface at low AOA associated with _______.
higher speeds or flap extension.
147
What triggers a mental warning that ice has accumulated on an aircraft?
Tactile cues such as vibration, buffet, or changes in handling characteristics
## Footnote
These cues become more prominent as ice increases in thickness.
148
What can ice accumulation lead to in terms of wing performance?
Partial or total wing stall followed by roll, aileron snatch, or reduced aileron effectiveness
## Footnote
Wing stall is a common consequence of ice accretion.
149
What is the typical height of roughness elements formed by ice from freezing drizzle on the wing?
Approximately 5 to 10 mm high
## Footnote
These elements can cover 30 to 50 percent of the wing lower surface.
150
What should be done to minimize the potential for wing stall due to ice?
Maintain proper airspeed control
## Footnote
Correcting for ice accumulation requires increased power, increased AOA, or both.
151
What action should a pilot take if actual stall is encountered?
Lower the nose (decrease AOA) and accept any altitude loss required to recover from the stall
## Footnote
After recovery, increase power and return to previously assigned altitude.
152
What has not been experienced in a Gulfstream airplane but can occur in icing conditions?
Tailplane stall
## Footnote
Tailplane stall can be identified by a pitch down.
153
What is the recommended action if a tailplane stall occurs?
Retract flaps to the previous position and raise the nose to increase AOA
## Footnote
Also, slow airspeed to minimum maneuvering speed for the current flap setting.
154
What is perhaps the most dangerous situation regarding ice on an aircraft?
Loss of roll control effectiveness
## Footnote
Flow disruption over the wing ahead of the ailerons causes this issue.
155
When experiencing reduced or lost aileron control effectiveness due to ice, what may happen?
Pilot's efforts to correct roll attitude may be defeated
## Footnote
This can occur even if there are abnormally light control forces.
156
What should be done to recover from partial stall due to ice?
Lower pitch (decrease AOA), increase airspeed, and roll wings level
## Footnote
After recovery, increase power and return to previously assigned altitude.
157
What must be done before entering icing conditions?
The engine and wing anti-icing systems should be turned on
## Footnote
These systems must be activated before ice buildup occurs.
158
What should be avoided during flight in icing conditions?
Flight in freezing rain or freezing drizzle should be avoided
## Footnote
These conditions can significantly increase the risk of ice accumulation.
159
At what ambient temperature can engine icing occur?
Below 8°C
## Footnote
Engine icing can occur even without wing icing in this temperature range.
160
What causes engine icing?
Temperature drop associated with pressure reduction
## Footnote
Moisture condenses into droplets that freeze upon striking metal parts.
161
What happens to droplets in the jet engine during icing conditions?
They strike metal parts and freeze
## Footnote
This occurs because the droplets cannot follow the airflow around the fan blades.
162
What effect does ice buildup on the cowling leading edge have?
Little effect on engine performance unless more than ½ inch accumulates
## Footnote
Excessive ice can lead to engine stall and compressor damage.
163
What technique can reduce vibration levels during icing conditions?
Retard one power lever to idle for 5 seconds and then push to 90 percent LP RPM
## Footnote
This helps in ice shedding and reduces vibration indications.
164
What is the purpose of anti-ice heating for the air data system probes?
To prevent probe icing in moderate and severe icing conditions
## Footnote
Each probe is equipped with adequate heating to combat icing.
165
What should be done if a heating element malfunctions in any of the probes?
Immediate action should be taken to exit icing conditions
## Footnote
This is crucial to maintain safe flight operations.
166
True or False: Engine icing can occur in clear air.
True
## Footnote
Engine icing can happen if the temperature is near freezing and humidity is high.
167
What is the effect of a probe heating failure?
It can affect airspeed, AOA or other air data dependent systems.
## Footnote
AOA refers to Angle of Attack, which is critical for determining the aircraft's performance.
168
What does the WINDSHIELD HEAT system do?
Provides satisfactory anti-icing and defogging of the windshield.
## Footnote
This system is essential for maintaining visibility during adverse weather conditions.
169
What happens to the radome during flight in icing conditions?
Ice can build up on the radome, deteriorating the radar picture.
## Footnote
The radome is the protective structure that houses the radar antenna.
170
How does the wing anti-icing system operate?
It is a hot leading edge system that distributes hot air to the wing's leading edge to prevent ice formation.
## Footnote
The system utilizes hot compressed air from the bleed air manifold.
171
What is the regulated temperature in the wing plenum for the wing anti-icing system?
Approximately 130°F.
## Footnote
Maintaining this temperature is crucial for preventing ice accumulation.
172
What should be done before ground starting either engine regarding the wing anti-icing system?
The system must be selected to OFF.
## Footnote
This precaution is necessary to prevent excessive demand on the bleed air manifold.
173
When should COWL / WING ANTI ICE be selected ON or AUTO?
During flight operations when icing conditions exist or are anticipated.
## Footnote
This selection is crucial for ensuring safety in icy conditions.
174
What is recommended regarding WING ANTI ICE during descent after departing from a contaminated runway?
It is highly recommended that WING ANTI ICE be selected ON.
## Footnote
This helps to mitigate the risk of ice accumulation during descent.
175
What does the warm exhaust air from the wing anti-ice system do?
It is directed aft through the wheel well, across the wheels, and then vents overboard.
## Footnote
This process helps to warm the wheel and brake assemblies, benefiting their performance.
176
What is the recommendation for landing gear extension?
It is recommended that landing gear be extended earlier than normal.
## Footnote
This practice can enhance safety in landing operations.
177
What is the effect of a probe heating failure?
It can affect airspeed, AOA or other air data dependent systems.
## Footnote
AOA refers to Angle of Attack, which is critical for determining the aircraft's performance.
178
What does the WINDSHIELD HEAT system do?
Provides satisfactory anti-icing and defogging of the windshield.
## Footnote
This system is essential for maintaining visibility during adverse weather conditions.
179
What happens to the radome during flight in icing conditions?
Ice can build up on the radome, deteriorating the radar picture.
## Footnote
The radome is the protective structure that houses the radar antenna.
180
How does the wing anti-icing system operate?
It is a hot leading edge system that distributes hot air to the wing's leading edge to prevent ice formation.
## Footnote
The system utilizes hot compressed air from the bleed air manifold.
181
What is the regulated temperature in the wing plenum for the wing anti-icing system?
Approximately 130°F.
## Footnote
Maintaining this temperature is crucial for preventing ice accumulation.
182
What should be done before ground starting either engine regarding the wing anti-icing system?
The system must be selected to OFF.
## Footnote
This precaution is necessary to prevent excessive demand on the bleed air manifold.
183
When should COWL / WING ANTI ICE be selected ON or AUTO?
During flight operations when icing conditions exist or are anticipated.
## Footnote
This selection is crucial for ensuring safety in icy conditions.
184
What is recommended regarding WING ANTI ICE during descent after departing from a contaminated runway?
It is highly recommended that WING ANTI ICE be selected ON.
## Footnote
This helps to mitigate the risk of ice accumulation during descent.
185
What does the warm exhaust air from the wing anti-ice system do?
It is directed aft through the wheel well, across the wheels, and then vents overboard.
## Footnote
This process helps to warm the wheel and brake assemblies, benefiting their performance.
186
What is the recommendation for landing gear extension?
It is recommended that landing gear be extended earlier than normal.
## Footnote
This practice can enhance safety in landing operations.
187
What is the expected temperature of the landing gear after landing?
The temperature of the landing gear will equal that of the surrounding total air temperature within three to five minutes.
188
What should be done to ensure ground spoilers are ready for deployment?
Ensure ground spoilers are armed (GND SPLR switch selected to ARMED).
189
What is the recommended procedure for touchdown on icy runways?
Perform firm touchdown to reduce strength of ice bond on brakes.
190
What should happen at main gear contact with the runway?
Ground spoilers should deploy automatically.
191
What is a recommended backup procedure for deploying speed brakes?
Manual speed brake deployment.
192
What action should be taken immediately after main gear contact?
Lower nose wheel to the runway immediately as the ground spoilers and thrust reversers are being deployed.
193
How should brakes be applied after landing on icy runways?
Apply brakes smoothly and symmetrically with moderate-to-firm pressure until a safe stop is assured.
194
What should be done if the anti-skid is 'releasing'?
Maintain constant brake pedal pressure and do not attempt to cycle brake pedal pressure.
195
What should not be used on icy or slippery runways?
DO NOT use asymmetric reverse thrust.
196
What should pilots be prepared for when using reverse thrust on slippery runways?
Possible downwind drift on slippery runways with a crosswind.
197
When is it safe to turn off the runway after landing?
DO NOT attempt to turn off the runway until attaining a safe, very slow, taxi speed.
198
What caution should be taken regarding flap retraction with ice?
FLAP RETRACTION WITH ACCRETED ICE ON THE LEADING EDGE OF THE FLAPS MAY CAUSE DAMAGE TO FLAPS AND ADJACENT COMPONENTS.
199
What is the maximum angle to raise flaps when ice is present on the leading edge?
Do not raise flaps above 10 degrees until leading edge of flaps can be verified clear of ice.
200
What should be used when taxiing on ice?
Extreme caution
## Footnote
Excessive speed or high crosswinds may start a skid.
201
What should be done if severe icing conditions are present?
COWL ANTI ICE should remain ON
## Footnote
This is critical for maintaining aircraft safety in icing conditions.
202
What action can be performed during prolonged ground operation to reduce ice buildup?
Periodic engine run-up to 40% LP
## Footnote
This is dependent on runway/taxi surface conditions and the proximity of other airplanes.
203
What should be avoided when taxiing in icy conditions?
Puddles and slush
## Footnote
These can create hazardous conditions for taxiing.
204
What should be ensured before parking the airplane?
Wheel chocks are in place and the parking brake is released
## Footnote
Properly securing the airplane is vital to prevent movement.
205
What is the recommended action if hangar space is available?
Hangar the airplane as soon as possible
## Footnote
This protects the aircraft from adverse weather conditions.
206
Fill in the blank: Excessive speed or high crosswinds may start a _______.
skid
207
True or False: It is safe to taxi at high speeds on covered runways or taxiways.
False
## Footnote
High speeds on these surfaces increase the risk of skidding.
208
What condition is critical to monitor while taxiing in icy conditions?
Speed and crosswinds
## Footnote
Both factors significantly affect safety.
