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aubf > Collection, Handling, & Physical Examinations > Flashcards

Collection, Handling, & Physical Examinations Flashcards

1
Q

Most common type of specimen type?

Easiest to collect

Useful for routine screening tests

A

Random Specimen

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2
Q

First voided specimen upon waking

IDEAL screening specimen (most concentrated)

A

First morning specimen

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3
Q

Avoids external contamination - may introduce infection

A

Catheterization

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4
Q

Clean external genital area

First and last stream of urine voided: midstream collected

A

Midstream clean catch specimen

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5
Q

Specimen of CHOICE for BACTERIAL CULTURE in routine circumstances

A

Midstream clean catch specimen

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6
Q

Insertion of CATHETER directly into bladder via URETHRA

A

Catheterization

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7
Q

Sterile, plastic collection bag placed over genital area with adhesive

A

Pediatric specimen

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8
Q

Pediatric specimen bag should be checked every?

A

Every 15 minutes

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9
Q

Many sources of contamination

A

Pediatric specimen

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10
Q

Insert NEEDLE through suprapubic abdominal area directly into bladder

A

Suprapubic aspiration

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11
Q

FAVOURABLE specimen for bacterial culture: INVASIVE procedure

A

Suprapubic aspiration

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12
Q

Collected over 24-hour period

A

24 Hour urine

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13
Q

Urine should be analyzed for:

A

within 1 hour

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14
Q

Used for quantitative urine studies

A

24 Hour urine

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15
Q

First specimen discarded while all others collected

A

24 hour urine

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16
Q

What increases when prolonged sitting of specimens at room temperature?

A

↑ INCREASED ↑

▪ Nitirite
▪ pH
▪ Turbidity

T-P-N

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17
Q

Completeness of collection of 24 hour urine is monitored by

A

Creatinine levels

> 1.0 mg/dL

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18
Q

Changes in urine color is due to?

A

▪ Oxidation
▪ Reduction of metabolites

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19
Q

What decreases when prolonged sitting of specimens at room temperature?

A

↓ DECREASED ↓

▪ Glucose
▪ Ketones
▪ Bilirubin
▪ Urobilinogen
▪ Cells and casts

B-U-C-K-G

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20
Q

Prolonged sitting of urine in RT increases this chemical and GROWS BACTERIA

A

Nitrite

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21
Q

Prolonged sitting of urine in RT increases this chemical and bacterial growth, red or white cells, or AMORPHOUS MATERIAL

A

Turbidity

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22
Q

Prolonged sitting of urine in RT increases this chemical and UREA CONVERTED TO AMMONIA

A

pH

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23
Q

Prolonged sitting of urine in RT decreases this chemical and VOLLATILIZATION - exposure to air

A

Ketones

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24
Q

Prolonged sitting of urine in RT decreases this chemical and GLYCOLYSIS due to BACTERIA AND YEAST

A

Glucose

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25
Prolonged sitting of urine in RT decreases this chemical and exposure to LIGHT
Bilirubin
26
Prolonged sitting of urine in RT decreases this chemical and lysis
Cells and casts
27
Preservation method of choice
Refrigeration
28
Prolonged sitting of urine in RT decreases this chemical and OXIDIZED TO UROBILIN
Urobilinogen
29
This could result in precipitation of AMORPHOUS CRYSTALS
Refrigeration
30
How many hours for refrigeration?
24 hours
31
What to do after removing the specimen from the ref?
Let it return to ROOM TEMPERATURE BEFORE testing
32
How long to let it sit in ROOM TEMP after removing it in the ref?
approx. 15 minutes
33
Not evaluated, but may provide clue to constituents
Odor
34
What is associated when urine smells MOUSY?
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
34
What is associated when urine smells FRUITY?
Ketones
34
What is associated when urine smells AMMONIA?
Old urine
35
What is associated when urine smells MAPPLE SYRUP?
Maple syrup disease
35
What is the COLOR of normal urine?
Pale yellow (STRAW) to Yellow
35
What makes the urine cloudy?
Cells Casts Crystals Bacteria
35
What is the CLARITY of normal urine?
Clear
36
pH of normal urine
slightly acid pH 6.0
37
It gives the urine its normal color
Urochrome
38
Sample that is 2 hours after eating
Postprandial sample
38
pH of random urine
4.5 - 8.0
39
This sample may be alkaline
Postprandial sample
40
Abnormal colors of Urine:
▪ Red ▪ Red- Brown ▪ Yellow - Brown ▪ Amber-Yellow-Green ▪ Yellow Orange ▪ Bright Yellow ▪ Dark Yellow ▪ Brown-Black ▪ Blue ▪ Green/Blue-Green ▪ Port Wine
41
What color with a substance of: ▪ Hemoglobin ▪ Red blood cells ▪ Myoglobin ▪ Porphyrin ▪ Uroerythrin
Red
42
What color with a substance of: ▪ Hemoglobin ▪ RBC's ▪ Myoglobin
Red-Brown
42
What color with a substance of: ▪ Bilirubin ▪ Biliverdin
Yellow-Brown Amber-Yellow-Green
43
What color with a substance of: ▪ Bilirubin ▪ Urobilin ▪ PYRIDIUM (drug)
Yellow-Orange
44
What color with a substance of: ▪ Vitamin C
Bright Yellow
44
What color with a substance of: ▪ Concentrated specimen ▪ Bilirubin ▪ Urobilin
Dark-Yellow
45
What color with a substance of: ▪ Methemoglobin ▪ Homogentisic acid ▪ Melanin
Brown-Black
46
What color with a substance of: ▪ Indican (Tryptophane metabolic disorder)
Blue
47
What color with a substance of: ▪ Old urine ▪ Pseudomonas
Green Blue-Green
48
What color with a substance of: ▪ Porphyrin
Port wine
49
What happens when urine stands at room temperature for some time?
Becomes ALKALINE
50
What happens to urine when it becomes metabolic or respiratory acidosis, high protein diet, or cranberry juice
Acidic
51
Vegetarian
Alkaline
52
Offers the simplest way to check the concentration and dilution function of the kidney tubules
Specific Gravity (SG)
53
Normal SG of urine:
1.002 - 1.035
54
SG of urine which is the highest in kidney that can concentrate
1.040
55
TRUE OR FALSE The higher the SG, the deeper the color
TRUE
56
A pale colored urine with high SG is probably due to?
Glucose
57
Defect: ↓ Insulin Polyuria: + Polydipsia: + SG: ↑ Glu: ↑ Ketones: ↑
Diabete Mellitus
58
Defect: ↓ ADH/AVP Polyuria: + Polydipsia: + SG: ↓ Glu: Normal Ket: Normal
Diabetes Insipidus
59
pKa change of electrolytes
Reagent strip
60
Reagent strip is measured?
Indirect - Colorimetric
61
No temperature corrections Correct for large amount of PROTEIN ( - 0.003 for each gram) and GLUCOSE (- 0.004 for each gram)
Refractometer -TS
62
Refractometer is measured?
Refractive index

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