Collectivisation

Question 1

Effect of Stalin’s Great Turn on agriculture

Answer 1

Moved it to collective farming

Question 2

Types of grain requisitioning that hadn’t worked

Answer 2

Ural-Siberain method and voluntary collectivisation

Question 3

Percentage of collective farms in 1929

Answer 3

5%

Question 4

Class which Stalin blamed for the grain requisitioning problems

Answer 4

Kulaks

Question 5

Stalin’s quote about getting rid of the Kulaks

Answer 5

‘Annihilate the Kulaks as a class’

Question 6

Date when Stalin did his war against Kulaks speech

Answer 6

1929

Question 7

Date when voluntary collectivisation reintroduced

Answer 7

1930

Question 8

Date when MTS launched

Answer 8

1930

Question 9

Date of the start of the famine in Ukraine

Answer 9

1932

Question 10

Date of the mass famine in Ukraine, Kazakhstan and North Casucasus

Answer 10

1933

Question 11

People who drove peasants into collectives

Answer 11

Local party members

Question 12

Groups used to identify kulaks

Answer 12

The Red Army and OGPU

Question 13

Percentage estimated to be kulaks

Answer 13

4% of peasant households

Question 14

Percentage of peasant households that were destroyed

Answer 14

15%

Question 15

Number of peasants forced to migrate north and east to poorer land

Answer 15

150,000

Question 16

Methods used by peasants to try to not be labelled as Kulaks

Answer 16

Killed their livestock and destroyed crops

Question 17

Stalin’s goal for collectivisation in 1930

Answer 17

25% of grain farming areas

Question 18

Percentage of peasants households collectivised by March 1930

Answer 18

58%

Question 19

Stalin quote for party worker’s collectivisation methods

Answer 19

‘Dizzy with success’

Question 20

Reason for turning back to voluntary collectivisation in 1930

Answer 20

Methods used had been too rigorous and confrontational

Question 21

Percentage of collectives by October 1930 because of voluntary collectivisation

Answer 21

20%

Question 22

% of collectivised households in 1931

Answer 22

50%

Question 23

% of collectivised households in 1934

Answer 23

70%

Question 24

% of collectives households in 1935

Answer 24

75%

Question 25

% of collectivised households in 1937

Answer 25

90%

Question 26

% of collectivised households in 1941

Answer 26

100%

Question 27

Number of party activists sent to the countryside in November 1929

Answer 27

25,000

Question 28

Reason behind sending party activist to help with collectivisation

Answer 28

Identified kulaks and searched of hidden grain rather than helped provide technical help

Question 29

Motives of the poorer peasants to help with dekulakisation

Answer 29

They were rewarded with being able to use the richer peasants' land, livestock and equipment and share with the collective harvests

Question 30

Kolkhoz

Answer 30

A combination of individual farms into a collective structure

Question 31

Number of families in a Kolkhoz

Answer 31

75

Question 32

Layout of Kolkhoz farms

Answer 32

A single village whereby peasants lived in the same houses as before and had they own plot of land as well as communal fields

Question 33

People who controlled the Kolkhoz

Answer 33

A Communist Party member who acted as the chairman of the collective

Question 34

Quotas set on Kolkhoz farms

Answer 34

Set high up to 40% of crops, and the farm was not paid if they failed to meet the quotas

Question 35

Profit sharing in the Kolkhoz

Answer 35

Shared out according to the number of labour days done

Question 36

Price for the quotas in collective farms

Answer 36

Was set low so that the state could make big profits, and could feed industrial workers cheaply

Question 37

Sovkhoz

Answer 37

State run farms

Question 38

Difference in size between kolkhoz and sovkhoz

Answer 38

Sovkhoz much larger

Question 39

Function of the sovkhoz

Answer 39

Large scale production

Question 40

Opposition which forced Stalin to permit most farms to be kolkhoz

Answer 40

Peasants opposed becoming wage labourers

Question 41

Long term vision of kolkhoz

Answer 41

Would be turned into sovkhoz

Question 42

Classification of Sovkhoz members

Answer 42

Labelled workers rather than peasants

Question 43

Machine Tractor Stations

Answer 43

Set up in 1931 to provide seed and hire out tractors/machinery to kolkhoz and sovkhoz farms

Question 44

Benefit to industry by increasing machinery in agriculture

Answer 44

It decreased the demand for peasants so they could move to industrial cities

Question 45

Number of MTS set up

Answer 45

2,500

Question 46

Which farms received the better machinery

Answer 46

Sovkhoz, as they were state farms

Question 47

Experts sent to the countryside to goes advice

Answer 47

Veterinary surgeons, surveyors and technicians

Question 48

% of ploughing carried out by machine in 1938

Answer 48

72%

Question 49

Types of manual work still carried out in 1938

Answer 49

Grain still had to be bound by hand, and weeding was still common

Question 50

Number of lorries in Soviet agriculture compared to the US in 1938

Answer 50

196,000 lorries in Soviet Union compared to a million in the US

Question 51

MTS benefit to the Party

Answer 51

Acted as a party prop in rural areas, with officials ensuring that quotas were being met and the correct propaganda messages were ebbing conveyed

Question 52

Areas which were particularly hostile to collectivisation

Answer 52

Fertile areas like Ukraine

Question 53

Methods by the armed forces to deal with the unrest

Answer 53

Burnt down whole villages

Question 54

Places where peasants who resisted were deported

Answer 54

Siberia, where labour camps were located

Question 55

Issue with dekulakisation

Answer 55

Removed the most skilful and successful farmers from the countryside

Question 56

Number of peasants who died as a result of resistance

Answer 56

10 million

Question 57

Number of peasants who had migrated to towns by 1939

Answer 57

19 million (every 1 out of 3 peasants)

Question 58

What did the peasants regard collective farms as

Answer 58

'A new serfdom'

Question 59

Law of August 1932

Answer 59

Anyone who was caught stealing from a collective could be jailed for 10 years

Question 60

Internal passports

Answer 60

Introduced to stop peasants leaving the collectives

Question 61

Issue with profits in collective farms

Answer 61

Quotas were set so high that profits weren't made, so there was less incentive for hard work

Question 62

Date when peasants could sell their produce in the market place

Answer 62

1935

Question 63

Percentage of meat produced by peasants privately selling it on the market

Answer 63

70%

Question 64

Period of the famine

Answer 64

1932-34

Question 65

Reasons why the famine was caused

Answer 65

Drought hit in October, and kulak deportations

Question 66

Reason why the government can be blamed for the deaths during the famine

Answer 66

The state continued to demand its requisitions despite the drop in grain production

Question 67

Economic success of collectivisation

Answer 67

Industrial workforce was fed and grew, and exports of grain increased

Question 68

Economic failures of collectivisation

Answer 68

During the period of peasant opposition, agricultural production fell dramatically

Question 69

Political success of collectivisation

Answer 69

First time the Soviet regime had extended their control over the countryside with the introduction of party officials

Question 70

How did the political success of collectivisation improve Stalin's position in the party

Answer 70

The right which opposed collectivisation (Bukharin and Rykov) lost power

Question 71

Social success of collectivisation

Answer 71

Class differences in the countryside were destroyed and any signs of capitalism had been abolished

Question 72

Death toll of the famine

Answer 72

6-8 million

Question 73

% of harvesting carried out by machine in 1938

Answer 73

48%