collision of cultures Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
when may have the first people come to America
A
40,000 years ago
2
Q
Migrants from Asia may of crossed a land bridge from where
A
Siberia and Alaska (bering strait)
3
Q
who where the first Europeans to explore America
A
Spanish, Portuguese, English, French, and Dutch
4
Q
what is the estiment of people living in North America during 15 and 16th century
A
30 to 100 million people
5
Q
What was the main food source of the settlements
A
hunting/ gathering, fishing, farming
6
Q
What were the Anasazi known for?
A
villages along high cliffs in southwest
7
Q
very nomadic tribes
A
great plains
8
Q
what were the Great Plains know for
A
Sioux and pawnee followed buffalo
9
Q
what were the natives tied to
A
the importance of nature (animist)
10
Q
what were the Natives different mechanisms
A
clans, tribes, nations, confederacies
11
Q
how many people lived in semi permanent settlements
A
300 people each
12
Q
semi settlements were a
A
self governing communities
13
Q
What was the role of men in settlements
A
hunting and tool making
14
Q
what was the role of women in settlements
A
farming and child care
15
Q
What were Mississippians known for
A
woodlands east of Mississippi River, small self governing tribes
16
Q
Nez Perce
A
men exercised political authority
17
Q
large tribes with complex cultures
A
Pueblo and Iroquois
18
Q
the Pueblo was know for
A
multistoried buildings and irrigation
19
Q
The Iroquios were know for
A
political confederacy resisted europeans and often had conflicts with neighboring Native groups
20
Q
Natives had no common
A
language or culture
21
Q
What did Natives not see themselves as
A
belonging to a single civilization
22
Q
What did Natives find important
A
no individual ownership, just usage
23
Q
what dose matrilineal means
A
political leaders may be male, but they were picked by women
24
Q
Natives were more elaborate than South American becuase
A
They started to from conferrations when there populations was diminishing
25
Population of South America
around 25 million
26
what are the south americas developed what complex civilizations
empires, extensive trade, cities, calendars, highly organized societies
27
Where are the Mayas located
rainforest of Yucatán peninsula
28
Where were the Aztecs located
Central Mexico (capital Tenochtitlan)
29
Where were the Incas located
Peru
30
What was during the 1500 exploration
population growth, religious missions, united governments, desire trade
31
What were the vikings
(AD 1000) first explores, Greenland and America, few records
32
What was the renaissance
rebirth of classical learning and artistic and scientific discovery
33
When was the Renaissance most prominent
14th-17th were the height of the renaissance
34
Who increased the scientific and technological change
Copernicus, Galilio, Newton
35
Where did gunpowder come from
The Chinese
36
What were some major improvements in the renaissance
shipbuilding (caravel), navigation(compass and astrolabe) and mapmaking
37
When did they start using Gutenberg's pricing press more
1450
38
The marriage of queen Isabelle(Castille) and King Ferdinand (Aragon) did what
United Spain
39
What was the Protestant Reformation
It resulted in religious wars between protestants and Catholics and end of religious unity, strengthened civil authority and encouragement of education so people can read the Bible
40
What did Martin Luther (b 1483) do?
95 Thesis in 1517, protested sale of indulgnces
41
What did John Calvin ( b 1509) do?
Institute's on the Christian religion, simple worship practices, severity of god
42
John Konx (b 1505)
took Calvinism to Scotland
43
What was Henry VIII known for
English Reformation, divorced his wife Catherine to re-marry. He run for political reason not religious reasons
44
What was Elizabeth I know for
Began the church of england(Anglicans)
45
When did the expansion of trades happpen
During Crusades
46
What were the tales of Marco Polo
Traveled the court of Kublai Khan in China (1271-95)
47
What did the Ottomans seized and Blocked
They blocked the land route and seized control of Constantinople in 1453 which resulted in search for water routes
48
What did the Portuguese do first
They were to first to launch long oceans voyages of exploration
49
Who was prince Henry the navigator
financed series of voyages that went round Africa's cape of good hope (tales of gold trade)
50
What did Vaso Da Gama do (1498 Portuguese )
First European to reach India
51
What did Columbus do (1492 Spain)
Already said west to America
52
What was the development of nation-states
monarchs gaining power and unifying there countries
53
What did nation-sates such as Spain, Portugal, France, England and the Netherlands depend on
Trade to bring in revenues
54
What did Thomas Hobbes support in his writings
Divine right (absolutism)
55
What is divine right (absolutism)
King is ruled by god authority as his early representative, Obedience to the king is obedience to god, the king can do no wrong
56
What is the period for the early history of humans In America
Archaic period
57
What is the Olmec
First truly complex society in America
58
Who had Maize/Corn
Mayan and Aztecs
59
Who had potatoes
The Incas
60
Some complex Societies in North America did what
disappeared before Columbus arrived (reasons unknown)
61
What hindered Natives Americans response to europeans colonist
political and linguistics
62
What are some southwest settlements
Dry region, Hokoam and Anasazi and Pueblo
63
Pacific coast natives (California to Alaska) where known as
Chinook
64
Chinook housing were known as
Permanent dwellings (long houses and plank houses)
65
Chinook diet includes
Rich diets (salmon fishing, hunting, nuts and Berrys
66
What was one way the Chinook perceived history
carving totem poles to preserve stories, legends myths
67
Great Plains natives were mostly what?
Sedentary people who framed and traded
68
What did the Great Plains natives live in
Teepees and earth lodges
69
What did the great plains natives raised
Corn, beans, and squash
70
The Great Plains natives did not have what until 17th century
Horses (from the Spanish)
71
Sioux and the pawnee became what
Skilled horsemen and moved from farming to hunting
72
The Apache migrated from where
From Canada to Texas (tribes often split apart)
73
Mississippians prospered what
Most abundant food supply
74
Adena-Hopewell (Ohio) culture
Famous for earthen mounds sometimes 300 feet long
75
Cahokia (St. Louis)
One of the largest trading centers with more than 300,000 inhabitants
76
Who were the descendants of Adena - Hopewell culture
Algonquin and Huron tribes
77
What did the Adena Hopewell descendants do?
Spread from the Ohio valley to New York fishing but quickly exploited the land and moved on
78
Pre-columbian tribes east of the Mississippi river had what
a common language and common linguistic roots
79
What was the Iroquois confederation
Five tribes in Mohawk valley of New York, Seneca, Cayuga, Onodaga, Mohawk
80
Northeast natives lived in what
multiple families lived in longhouses up to 200 feet long
81
The most powerful and important natives did what
They battled rival natives and europeans
82
People on the coastal plains were descendants of what
Woodland mount builders (Powhatan in Virgina)
83
Southwest Natives include
Atlantic Ocean to trinity river (Texas) And from the Gulf of Mexico to modern day Missouri, Kentucky and West Virginia
84
Southwest tribes includes
Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek and seminole
85
What was Reconquista
Defeat of the Moors, New leadership and powers for Catholics within Spain
86
Who was prince Henry the navigator
Financed a series of voyages around Africa
87
Motives for europeans expansion were
Wealth, Religious persecution, missionary work, search for new "Utopia"
88
What is " Line of Demarcation"
The pope Drew line and divided the non-christian world not two parts (east for Portugal and west for Spain)
89
What resulted in the Treaty of Tordesillas
Portugal had a stronger Navy and line favored Spain
90
How was The treaty of Lordssillas lined
Portuguese had Brazil and the Spanish had Latin America
91
How did other colonizing nations feel about the treaty of Lordsillas
They ignored it
92
What are the Spanish claims
Goal was to dominate exploration of the new world in 16th century
93
Who did the Spanish try to conquer
Spanish monarchs used armies led by powerful Spanish adventures
94
What are conquistadors
Spanish conquerors who were looking for wealth
95
Why did the Spanish want to conquer
They wanted to show there supremacy over Portugal as a seafaring nation and to spread Christianity
96
What did the Spanish exhibited
Both Bravery and brutality ( God, glory, and gold)
97
What did the Spanish bring to the mainlands
The brought firearms, armor, horses, cows and diseases
98
Who is Vasco Nunez e Balboa
corssed the isthmus of Panama and was the first European to see the pacific ocean
99
Who was Ferdinand Magellan
sailed around America and crossed the Pacific
