Colour Perception

Question 1

What is perceptual segregation?

Answer 1

Aids in discriminating objects from background

Question 2

What is crypsis?

Answer 2

Camouflage, concealment, or disruption with respect to the surrounding environment

Question 3

What is concealing coloration?

Answer 3

Animal has the same colour as its environment

Question 4

What is disruptive coloration?

Answer 4

Pattern breaks up outline so one individual doesn’t stand out

Question 5

What is mimesis?

Answer 5

Camouflage or concealment by imitation of another object

Question 6

What is a disguise?

Answer 6

Animal that looks like another, unimportant object to predator or prey

Question 7

What is mimicry?

Answer 7

Animal that looks like other distasteful or dangerous animals

Question 8

What are spectral colours?

Answer 8

Those found in the rainbow

Question 9

What are the 3 physical dimensions of colour?

Answer 9

Wavelength
Purity
Intensity

Question 10

What are the 3 psychological dimensions of colour?

Answer 10

Hue
Saturation
Brightness

Question 11

What is the colour spindle?

Answer 11

Describes all colours we can see
Slice = colour circle

Question 12

What is the problem with the colour spindle?

Answer 12

Some hues saturate before others

Question 13

How many colours can we discriminate between?

Answer 13

2 million

Question 14

What is represented in a language with only two colour terms?

Answer 14

Light and dark

Question 15

What is represented in a language with 3 colour terms?

Answer 15

Light, warm, and dark

Question 16

Are warm or cool colours split first?

Answer 16

Warms (red and yellow) are split before grue is split into blue and green

Question 17

How many basic colour terms are there?

Answer 17

11

Question 18

What are the basic colour terms?

Answer 18

Black, white, red, green or yellow, blue, brown, orange, pink, purple, grey

Question 19

What colour is light with a single wavelength at 570 nm?

Answer 19

Yellow

Question 20

What colour are green (500 nm) and red (650 nm) lights?

Answer 20

Yellow

Question 21

What are metamers?

Answer 21

Two lights with different wavelength distributions, but appearing identical in colour
must produce identical neural activation

Question 22

What is an additive colour mixture?

Answer 22

Mix light of different wavelengths
Mixing all colours = white

Question 23

What is a subtractive colour mixture?

Answer 23

mix paint of different pigments
Mixing all colours = black

Question 24

What are complementary colours?

Answer 24

Colours on opposite sides of the colour circle which, when added, produce greyish-white

Question 25

What are primaries?

Answer 25

Three wavelengths that, when mixed in certain proportions, can match any other hue

Question 26

What do primaries define?

Answer 26

The colour triangle

Question 27

What does spectral yellow require?

Answer 27

Negative primary

Question 28

What is trichromatic theory?

Answer 28

Only three different types of receptors are needed, each sensitive to a different wavelength

Question 29

What is evidence for trichromatic theory?

Answer 29

You can match a given colour by combining the proportions of the 3 primaries together 3 different types of cones were found on the retina

Question 30

What is the eryhthrolabe cone?

Answer 30

Red-catching, long wavelengths

Question 31

What is the chlorolabe cone?

Answer 31

Green-catching, medium wavelengths

Question 32

What is the cyanolabe cone?

Answer 32

Blue-catching, short wavelengths

Question 33

What is opponent-process theory?

Answer 33

Proposes that basic colours come in opposing pairs

Question 34

What is the evidence for opponent-process theory?

Answer 34

Afterimage = visual sensation appearing after adapting to a stimulus, produces opposite colour Simultaneous colour contrast = surrounding an area with a colour changes the appearance of the surrounded area Habituation = infants get bored of looking at the same thing Center-surround cells have opposing receptive field regions of bright and dark

Question 35

What is two-stage theory?

Answer 35

Opponent process obtains a difference function for the associated pair of wavelengths

Question 36

What is rod monochromacy?

Answer 36

No cones

Question 37

What is cone monochromacy?

Answer 37

One type of cone only

Question 38

What is dichromacy?

Answer 38

Two types of cones only

Question 39

What is protanopia?

Answer 39

Long wavelength cone deficient Perceives spectrum as blue-yellow Impaired in ability to distinguish red and green

Question 40

What is deuteranopia?

Answer 40

Medium wavelength cone deficient Perceives spectrum as blue-yellow Impaired ability to distinguish red and green

Question 41

What is tritanopia?

Answer 41

Short wavelength cone deficient Perceives spectrum as turquoise-red Impaired ability to perceive blue and yellow

Question 42

What is anomalous trichromacy?

Answer 42

Have all types of cones but one is abnormal Poor at discriminating hues

Question 43

What is colour constancy?

Answer 43

Perception of an object's colour remains constant, despite variations in the quality of illumination

Question 44

What is colour constancy disrupted by?

Answer 44

Chromatic adaptation Memory colour

Question 45

What is chromatic adaptation?

Answer 45

Prolonged exposure to a particular wavelength causes cones to be less sensitive to it

Question 46

What is memory colour?

Answer 46

Characteristic colour of a familiar object may influence colour perception

Question 47

What is lightness constancy?

Answer 47

Perception of an object's lightness remains constant, despite changes in illumination

Question 48

What is the equation for retinal luminance?

Answer 48

Illumination x reflectance

Question 49

What is the ratio principle?

Answer 49

Percentage of light reflected from an object determines perception of lightness

Question 50

What is the McCollough effect?

Answer 50

Fatigue of cortical coloured-line detecting cells after looks at vertical black and green stripes for 5 minutes Afterimages last weeks

Question 51

What is absolute identification of colour?

Answer 51

It is difficult to identify unidimensional stimuli Poor performance on colour recognition test

Question 52

What is relative identification of colour?

Answer 52

The task is easier if a comparison scale is provideed

Question 53

What is redundant coding of colour?

Answer 53

Coding colours with thing like patterns accommodates those with visual deficiencies