Colouring Book Definitions

Question 0

What system is the brain apart of?

Answer 0

The Central Nervous System

Question 1

What is the Autonomic Nervous System and what is it’s function?

Answer 1

The Autonomic Nervous System is a large division of the Peripheral Nervous System and contributes to the regulation of the body’s internal environment.

Question 2

What is the function of the central nervous system and what organs are involved?

Answer 2

The central nervous system is the main process centre for all neural signals. It is enclosed in the brain and spinal cord.

Question 3

What are the first 7 bones in the neck region of the vertebrae called?

Answer 3

Cervical bones

Question 4

Where are dorsal roots located and what type of nerve do they carry?

Answer 4

The dorsal roots are located at the back of the spinal cord and contain the sensory nuerons.

Question 5

What is the lower region of the vertebrae before the sacral region know as?

Answer 5

The lumbar region

Question 6

What do parasympathetic nervous cells do and where are the projected from?

Answer 6

The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for returning the bodies response systems back to normal after a period of threat. It projects from the brain and sacral region of the spine

Question 7

What nervous system relays messages to and from the central nervous system?

Answer 7

The peripheral nervous system

Question 8

Where is the sacral region found on the spinal cord?

Answer 8

The sacral region or sacrum are the last 5 bones in the veterbrae

Question 9

What does the somatic nervous system do?

Answer 9

The somatic nervous system is responsible for motor functions and interactions with the external environment.

Question 10

What is the h-shaped grey area of nervous tissue on the spinal cord?

Answer 10

Spinal gray matter

Question 11

What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 11

The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for response after a threatening period by mobilising energy sources

Question 12

In what order do the spinal cord regions go from top to bottom?

Answer 12

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral

Question 13

Where are the ventral roots located on the spinal cord and what do the carry?

Answer 13

The ventral roots are anterior to the spinal cord and carry motor neurons

Question 14

What anatomical direction is the face in?

Answer 14

Anterior

Question 15

When the brain as lesions to both sides if is said to be a what lesion?

Answer 15

Bilateral

Question 16

A pathway from left to right sides of the brain are said to be a what pathway?

Answer 16

Contralateral

Question 17

What plane separates the face from the back of the head?

Answer 17

Coronal

Question 18

How is the spinal cord studied?

Answer 18

With a series of cross sections

Question 19

The dorsal position is towards the….

Answer 19

Back

Question 20

The top of the head is separated form the bottom of the head by a what section?

Answer 20

Horizontal

Question 21

The bottom of the head is know as what to the top of the head?

Answer 21

Inferior

Question 22

If a neural pathway stays on one side of the brain it is know as?

Answer 22

Ipsilateral

Question 23

What is the lateral direction in relation to the midsagittal plane?

Answer 23

Away from it, to the outside of the body

Question 24

The midsagittal plane is said to be what?

Answer 24

Medial

Question 25

What plane cuts the brain in half? (Vertically)

Answer 25

Midsagittal plane

Question 26

The back of the head in humans is what direction?

Answer 26

Posterior

Question 27

Lengthways or vertical planes that separate ear from ear are called?

Answer 27

Sagittal planes

Question 28

In primates the top of the head is what to the bottom of the head?

Answer 28

Superior

Question 29

If a lesion is unilateral where is it?

Answer 29

On one side of the brain only

Question 30

In which direction is the ventral part of the human body?

Answer 30

To the front, chest

Question 31

What are astrocytes?

Answer 31

They are star shaped glial cells that have many projections on blood vessels and neurons.

Question 32

What is the function of the axon?

Answer 32

Axons conduct neural signals to other parts of the nervous system

Question 33

What occurs adjacently to the axon hillock?

Answer 33

Action potentials

Question 34

What are the terminal endings of axon branches?

Answer 34

Axon buttons

Question 35

What is another name for the cell body and what is it's primary function?

Answer 35

Soma, metabolic centre for neuron

Question 36

What is the process of neurotransmitter release called?

Answer 36

Exocytosis

Question 37

What are the bushy fibers that branch out from the cell body?

Answer 37

Dendrites

Question 38

What does the receptive area of the cell include?

Answer 38

The cell body and dendrites

Question 39

What protein is activated when a neurotransmitter molecule binds to a receptor on it's associated signal protein?

Answer 39

A g-protein

Question 40

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus and what does it look like?

Answer 40

The Golgi apparatus' primary function is to package proteins into small membrane sacs. It is a system of smooth plates membranous sacs.

Question 41

What are ion channels and what passes through?

Answer 41

Specialised pores in the cell membrane where ca2+,na+ and k+ ions can pass through.

Question 42

What receptors are associated with ion channels and when activated they typically induce rapid, brief signals in the neuron by opening or closing the ion channel.

Answer 42

Ionotropic receptors

Question 43

Names the 3 macroglia?

Answer 43

Oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells and astrocytes

Question 44

What are metabotropic receptors?

Answer 44

Receptors that are associated with signal proteins and g- proteins. When they are activated, they produce long, slow changes in the neuron by changing the neural chemistry.

Question 45

What are microglia and what are they responsible for?

Answer 45

Microglia are glial cells and are responsible for the cleaning of the cell

Question 46

What's the function of microtubules?

Answer 46

They transport large proteins to the terminal buttons for synapse

Question 47

What structure provides the cell with its respiration and energy source?

Answer 47

Mitochondria

Question 48

What gives cells there support and shape?

Answer 48

Neuro filaments

Question 49

What are the gaps between adjacent myelinated cells called?

Answer 49

Nodes of ranvier

Question 50

What is the function of the the nucleus?

Answer 50

The nucleus contains the cells genetic information

Question 51

What glial cells myelinate the central nervous systems axons?

Answer 51

Oligodrendrocytes

Question 52

On what membrane do nuerotransmitter molecules bind with there receptors on?

Answer 52

Post synaptic membrane

Question 53

What membrane is the site for neurotransmitter release?

Answer 53

The presynaptic membrane

Question 54

What happens when nuerotransmitter molecules are binded with there receptors?

Answer 54

Signals in the neuron are produced such as EPSP's and IPSP's

Question 55

What do ribosomes do?

Answer 55

Produce proteins

Question 56

What does the endoplasmic reticulum look like and why?

Answer 56

Rough plated membrous sacs because it is covered with ribosomes

Question 57

What glial cells myelinate the PNS axons?

Answer 57

Schwann cells

Question 58

What proteins snake back and forth through the membrane and conduct signals into the nueron when their associated receptors are activated?

Answer 58

Signal proteins

Question 59

Where are nuerotransmitter molecules stored before a synapse?

Answer 59

Synaptic vesicles

Question 60

What is saltatory conduction?

Answer 60

Conduction of myelinated axons

Question 61

Which one is unique to humans the allocortex or the neocortex?!

Answer 61

The neocortex

Question 62

In what lobe is the angular gyrus in?

Answer 62

Parietal lobe

Question 63

The parietal lobe contains what two gyri?

Answer 63

The postcentral gyrus and the angular gyrus

Question 64

What two lobes does the central fissure separate?

Answer 64

The frontal and parietal lobes

Question 65

Why is the cerebral cortex mainly composed of white matter?

Answer 65

Because the axons of the nuerons aren't myelinated

Question 66

What is the difference between fissures, gyri and sulcus'?

Answer 66

Fissure- deep ridges in cerebral cortex Sulcus- small ridges in cerebral cortex Gyrus- convolutions between two adjacent fissures

Question 67

Point to your front lobes

Answer 67

Front of skull

Question 68

Where is your inferior frontal gyrus?

Answer 68

Bottom of frontal lobe

Question 69

Where is your inferior temporal lobe?

Answer 69

Bottom of temporal lobe

Question 70

What does the lateral fissure separate?

Answer 70

The frontal/ parietal and temporal lobes

Question 71

Where is the middle frontal gyrus?

Answer 71

The middle of each frontal lobe

Question 72

Where is the middle temporal gyrus?

Answer 72

The middle of the temporal lobe

Question 73

Point to your occipital lobes

Answer 73

Posterior/ under section of skull

Question 74

Point to your parietal lobes

Answer 74

Superior, posterior section of head

Question 75

In what lobe is the postcentral gyrus and why is it called that?

Answer 75

In the parietal lobe and because it is behind (post) the central fissure

Question 76

In what lobe is the precentral gyrus in and why is it called that?

Answer 76

It's in the frontal lobe and it's called that because it is before (pre) the central fissure

Question 77

What type of cell are stellate cells and what do they look like?

Answer 77

Stellate cells are cortical nuerons that look like stars

Question 78

What type of cells are pyramidal cells and what do they look like?

Answer 78

Pyramid shaped cortical nuerons

Question 79

Where is the superior temporal gyrus?

Answer 79

The top of the temporal lobe

Question 80

Where is the superior frontal gyrus?

Answer 80

The top of the frontal lobe

Question 81

Point to your temporal lobes

Answer 81

Near temples

Question 82

In what order from thalamus to rest of the body do the sensory and motor areas go in?

Answer 82

Thalamus- primary sensory area- secondary sensory area- association areas- secondary motor area - primary motor area - the body

Question 83

Where does information go after the association area?

Answer 83

To the secondary motor area

Question 84

where is the primary auditory cortex located?

Answer 84

In the the lateral fissure, on the temporal side

Question 85

Where are the primary gustatory cortex located?

Answer 85

In the lateral fissure on the parietal side

Question 86

On what side of the central fissure is the motor cortex ?

Answer 86

The pre- central side in the frontal lobes

Question 87

Where do the primary motor areas receive their input from?

Answer 87

The secondary motor areas

Question 88

Where is the primary olfactory cortex located?

Answer 88

Inferior of frontal lobes.

Question 89

Where do primary sensory areas receive their information from?

Answer 89

The thalamus

Question 90

In what gryus is the somatosensory cortex located?

Answer 90

Post central gyrus

Question 91

What cortex takes up the majority of the occipital lobes?

Answer 91

The primary visual cortex

Question 92

What structures make up the limbic system ?

Answer 92

Amygalda, septum, hippocampus, cingulate cortex, fornix, mammillary bodies

Question 93

What does the amygalda, putamen, caudate and globus pallidus make up?

Answer 93

The basal ganglia

Question 94

Putamen + caudate = ?

Answer 94

Striatum

Question 95

What pathway deteriorates in Parkinson's disease ?

Answer 95

The straitum and the substantia nigra pathway

Question 96

Parkinson's deterioration of movement is due to the failure of what system?

Answer 96

The basal ganglia

Question 97

What system is responsible for the control of emotional behaviour?

Answer 97

The limbic system