com4 med bio

Question 1

multifactorial traits

Answer 1

influenced by environment

Question 2

monogenic trait

Answer 2

mendelian inheritance

Question 3

polygenic trait

Answer 3

nonmendelian inheritance

Question 4

nonmendelian inheritance causes 3 types of diseases

Answer 4

• multifactorial diseases
• diseases related to somatic cells
• mitochondrial diseases

Question 5

discontinuous variation

Answer 5

mendelian inheritance

Question 6

continuous variation

Answer 6

nonmendelian inheritance

Question 7

discontinuous variation

Answer 7

• controlled by single gene / small number of genes
• qualitative characteristics
• major genes
• little effect of environment

Question 8

continuous variation

Answer 8

• quantitative characteristics (measurable)
• multiple genes
• significant effect of environment
• polygenic traits
• bell shaped (gauss) curve
• minor genes

Question 9

multifactorial traits

Answer 9

• environmental factors

- polygenic traits

Question 10

polygenic traits

Answer 10

• multiple genes controlling phenotype
• no dominant or recessive
• bell-shaped curve
• difference b/w phenotypes decrease as # of phenotypes increase

Question 11

examples for polygenic traits

Answer 11

• height
• weight
• heart rate

Question 12

regression to the mean

Answer 12

in a polygenic system, parents with extreme differences in phenotype, tend to have offspring exhibiting a phenotype average of 2 parental phenotypes

Question 13

empiris risk

Answer 13

risk of recurrence of a trait/illness based on known incidence in a particular individual

Question 14

incidence

Answer 14

of new cases of a partşcular disorder diagnosed per year

Question 15

prevalence

Answer 15

of individuals in a population who have a particular disorder at a specific time

Question 16

concordance

Answer 16

agreement b/w traits exhibited by both twins

• twins show concordance if both have the trait
• twins are discordant if only 1 twin has the trait