COMBINED MCQS- PET, ONC, BONE, INFECT, GI, LIV & KID

Question 1

PET is a non-invasive technique that examines biochemical, metabolic and receptor
processes (T/F)

Answer 1

TRUE

Question 2

Of the positron emitters, 11C is most commonly used in clinical practice (T/F)

Answer 2

FALSE

Question 3

Positron emitters are short-lived radionuclides (T/F)

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

The most common way to obtain positron emitters is in a nuclear reactor (T/F)

Answer 4

FALSE

Question 5

Positron emitters are incorporated into numerous biomolecules (T/F)

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

The half-life of 18F is 120 minutes (T/F)

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

Positron emitters can be obtained in the generator (T/F)

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

Tumor cells have elevated intracellular concentrations of hexokinase, which
phosphorylate glucose and 18F-FDG thereby trapping them within the cell (T/F)

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

18F-FDG-mechanism of accumulation in tumors:
a) Elevated levels of energy-dependent transmembrane transport protein (GLUT)
b) Tumor cells have elevated intracellular hexokinase concentration
c) Increased perfusion in tumors
d) All of the above (a, b, c)

Answer 9

D

Question 10

18F-FDG accumulates:
a) Only in malignant tumors
b) In malignant tumors and in infectious / inflammatory regions
c) Only in benign tumors
d) All of the above (a, b, c)

Answer 10

B

Question 11

18F-FDG is excreted:
a) Through the gastrointestinal tract
b) Through tubular secretion of the kidney
c) Free filtration into the glomerulus of the kidney
d) Glomerular filtration through the kidneys, of which one part is reabsorbed

Answer 11

D

Question 12

PET is used in:
a) Oncology
b) Neurology
c) Cardiology
d) All of the above

Answer 12

D

Question 13

Organ specific radiopharmaceuticals for thyroid testing are 99m Tc and 123 / 131 I-NaI (T/F)

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

The main indication for scintigraphy of thyroid tissue are benign diseases of the
thyroid gland. (T/F)

Answer 14

FALSE

Question 15

Scintigraphy of the adrenal medulla serves to confirm the diagnosis of
pheochromocytoma and other paragangliomas in patients with biochemically proven
disease (T/F)

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

Positron emission tomography is a modern diagnostic and research visualization
technique (T/F)

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

PET is a non-invasive technique that examines biochemical, metabolic and receptor
processes (T/F)

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

Positron emitters emit gamma radiation (T/F)

Answer 18

FALSE

Question 19

Of the positron emitters, 11 C is most commonly used in clinical practice (T/F)

Answer 19

FALSE

Question 20

Positron emitters are short-lived radionuclides (T/F)

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

The most common way to obtain positron emitters is in a nuclear reactor (T/F)

Answer 21

FALSE

Question 22

Positron emitters are incorporated into numerous biomolecules (T/F)

Answer 22

TRUE

Question 23

The half-life of 18 F is 120 minutes

Answer 23

TRUE

Question 24

Positron emitters can be obtained in the generator (T/F)

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

Tumor cells have elevated intracellular concentrations of hexokinase, which phosphorylate glucose and 18 F-FDG thereby trapping them within the cell (T/F)

Answer 25

TRUE

Question 26

18 F-sodium fluoride is used: a) For imaging liver tumors b) For PET diagnostics of the skeletal system c) For the treatment of bone tumors d) For PET brain diagnostics

Answer 26

B

Question 27

Positron emission tomography is based on the physical principle: a) Scintillations b) Ionization c) Annihilation d) All of the above (a, b, c)

Answer 27

C

Question 28

Indication for 18 F-FDG PET in breast carcinoma is: e) detection od primary tumor f) detection of lymh nodes involvements g) detection of distant metastases after the treatment h) Under a) and c)

Answer 28

G

Question 29

Indication for 18 F-FDG PET in colorectal cancer: i) rising value of CEA after the treatment j) diagnosis of recurren disease k) diagnosis tumor primary l) Under a) and b)

Answer 29

I

Question 30

Indication for 18 F-FDG PET in thyrpod carcinoma is: m) negative posttreatment whole body scan n) risig Tg values o) evaluationa of disease progresion after the surgery p) Under a) and b)

Answer 30

P

Question 31

Sentinel lymph nodes labeling is useful for: a) M staging b) N staging c) T staging d) Under a and c)

Answer 31

B

Question 32

Sentinel lymph nodes labeling allows e) radical surgery of lymph nodes f) minimally invasive surgery of lymph nodes g) better surgery of primary tumor h) Under a) and b)

Answer 32

F

Question 33

Bone scintigraphy is a picture of the distribution of a given radiopharmaceutical in bones (T/F)

Answer 33

TRUE

Question 34

Bone scintigraphy can be performed with gamma emitters and positron emitters (T/F)

Answer 34

TRUE

Question 35

Bone scintigraphy is most often performed with 18F-FDG (T/F)

Answer 35

FALSE

Question 36

Radiopharmaceuticals for bone scintigraphy are 99mTc labeled bisphosphonates (T/F)

Answer 36

TRUE

Question 37

The distribution of radiopharmaceuticals in the skeleton is normally symmetrical (T/F)

Answer 37

TRUE

Question 38

The mechanism of accumulation of osteotropic radiopharmaceuticals is adsorption for bone hydroxy-apatite crystals (T/F)

Answer 38

TRUE

Question 39

Pathological finding on bone scintigraphy most often the appearance of a "cold" field (T/F)

Answer 39

FALSE

Question 40

The main indication for skeletal scintigraphy is the detection of bone cancer metastases (T/F)

Answer 40

TRUE

Question 41

Radiopharmaceuticals for bone scintigraphy accumulate in the bones by a following mechanism a) Active transport b) Passive diffusions c) Microembolizations d) Hemiadsorption for hydroxy-apatite crystals

Answer 41

D

Question 42

The main radiopharmaceuticals for gamma camera imaging of bones are a) 99mTc-DPD b) 99mTc-MPD c) 99mTc-HMPD d) All of the above

Answer 42

D

Question 43

The main radiopharmaceuticals for PET bone imaging are a) 18F-NaF b) 18F-FDG c) 18F-DOPA d) Under a) and b)

Answer 43

D

Question 44

The basic indication for scintigraphy of bones are: a) Detection of congenital bone anomalies b) Detection of benign bone tumors c) Detection of rheumatic bone diseases d) Detection of primary and secondary malignant bone tumors

Answer 44

D

Question 45

The normal scintigraphic finding on the bones in children is a) Identical as a finding in adults b) Shows increased accumulation in the epiphyses of long bones c) Shows enhanced accumulation in the axial skeleton d) Shows weaker accumulation in the epiphyses of long bones

Answer 45

B

Question 46

6.Bone scintigraphy with gamma emitters can be performed as: a) Whole body scintigraphy b) Spot, targeted scintigraphy of individual regions of the skeleton c) SPECT scintigraphy of individual body regions d) All of the above

Answer 46

D

Question 47

Three-phase bone scintigraphy is performed at a) Suspicion of congenital skeletal anomalies b) Presence of benign bone tumors c) Suspected osteomyelitis d) All of the above

Answer 47

D

Question 48

Scintigraphy of bones with gamma emitters is done: a) Immediately after administration of radiopharmaceuticals b) 2-3 hours following administration of radiopharmaceuticals c) After 6 hours from the administration of radiopharmaceuticals d) None of the above

Answer 48

B

Question 49

In detecting the focus of infection nuclear medicine procedures are the first-line imaging modality (T/F)

Answer 49

FALSE

Question 50

Leucoscintigraphy is a method of detecting the infectious focus marked by autologous leukocytes (T/F)

Answer 50

TRUE

Question 51

Immunoscintigraphy is a procedure of "in vivo" labeling of leukocytes with monoclonal antibodies to leukocytes (T/F)

Answer 51

TRUE

Question 52

Leucoscintigraphy is performed in two times, 4 and 24h following application (T/F)

Answer 52

TRUE

Question 53

Disadvantage of immunoscintigraphy is creation of antibodies to applied monoclonal antibodies (HAMA) (T/F)

Answer 53

TRUE

Question 54

The main indication for a scan with labeled ciprofloxacin is the diagnosis of chronic osteomyelitis, especially when it is localized in the axial skeleton, when the clinical picture is not clear and the The main indication for a scan with labeled ciprofloxacin laboratory finding is unconvincing. (T/F)

Answer 54

TRUE

Question 55

The increased accumulation of 67 Ga-citrate may indicate an old infection, inflammatory focus or malignant process. (T/F)

Answer 55

TRUE

Question 56

Three-phase bone scintigraphy is a method that is not routinely performed when osteomyelitis is suspected. (T/F)

Answer 56

FALSE

Question 57

Nuclear medical procedures that localize the infectious focus are: a) leucoscintigraphy and immunoscintigraphy b)18F-FDG PET c) Three phase bone scan d) All the above

Answer 57

D

Question 58

18 F-FDG PET / CT is the method of choice in detection: a)FUO with low probability of infective origin b) FUO with high probability of infective origin c) vascular graft infection d) Under the a) and c)

Answer 58

D

Question 59

Leukocyte labeling is performed using a) 99mTc b) 99m Tc-HMPAO c) 111 In and 99m Tc-HMPAO d) 18 F-FDG

Answer 59

C

Question 60

Leucoscintigraphy is performed: a) 4h following radiopharmaceutical application b) 24h following radiopharmaceutical application c) 4h and 24h following radiopharmaceutical application d) 1-8h following radiopharmaceutical application

Answer 60

C

Question 61

Radiopharmaceuticals for dynamic renal scintigraphy are excreted by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion (T/F)

Answer 61

TRUE

Question 62

Diuresis dynamic renal scintigraphy is a pharmacological modification of dynamic renal scintigraphy in which furosemide is administered before, simultaneously with or after administration of radiopharmaceuticals excreted by the kidneys. (T/F)

Answer 62

TRUE

Question 63

The most common indications for diuresis dynamic scintigraphy of the kidneys are obstructive conditions in children due to cogenital anomalies on the ureteropielic or ureterovesical junction (T/F)

Answer 63

TRUE

Question 64

Radionuclide captopril test is a method of detecting functionally significant renal artery stenosis (T/F)

Answer 64

TRUE

Question 65

Static renal scintigraphy with 99mTc-DMSA is superior in the presentation of cortical kidney lesions in acute and chronic pyelonephritis (T/F)

Answer 65

TRUE

Question 66

Direct radionuclide cystography is an invasive nuclear medicine method that diagnoses VUR after the introduction of radiopharmaceuticals into the urinary bladder through a previously placed urinary catheter. (T/F)

Answer 66

TRUE

Question 67

Radiopharmaceuticals used for dynamic kidney scintigraphy are: a) are excreted by tubular secretion b) are excreted by glomerular filtration c) bind to proximal tubular cells d) under a) and b)

Answer 67

D

Question 68

Radiopharmaceuticals used for diuresis dynamic scintigraphy are: a) are excreted by tubular secretion b) are excreted by glomerular filtration c) bind to proximal tubular cells d) same as for dynamic renal scintigraphy

Answer 68

D

Question 69

A normal radiorenogram is three-segment in shape and has the following phases a) vascular-rapidly ascending segment b) parenchymal-slow ascending segment c) excretory-descending segment d) all of the above (a, b, c)

Answer 69

D

Question 70

The obstructive type of radiorenogram has: a) slow growth of the parenchymal segment b) slow slope of parenchymal segment c) absent decline of the excretory segment e) reduced slope of the vascular segment

Answer 70

C

Question 71

The most common indications for diuresis dynamic scintigraphy are: a) obstructive conditions in children due to cogenital anomalies on the ureteropielic or ureterovesical junction b) parenchymal kidney disease c) renal calculosis d) renal failure

Answer 71

A

Question 72

Main indications for 99mTc-DMSA scintigraphy a) detection of focal renal lesions, acute pyelonephritis b) detection of chronic cortical sequelae 6 months after acute pyelonephritis c) in case of suspicion of congenital anomalies d) All of the above (a, b, c)

Answer 72

D

Question 73

Direct radionuclide cystography is a method by which we detect: a) Vesicoureteral reflux b) Cortical kidney lesions c) Congenital anomalies of kidney position d) Renal artery stenosis

Answer 73

A

Question 74

The presence of vesicourteral reflux on the image is shown as: a) Properly delineated contours of the bladder b) Increased activity over the ureter during micturition c) Increased activity over the ureter during bladder filling d) Under b) and c)

Answer 74

D

Question 75

Dynamic scintigraphy of the salivary glands is performed with 99mTc-pertechnetate (T/F)

Answer 75

TRUE

Question 76

Salivary gland scintigraphy is used to diagnose malignant diseases of the salivary glands (T/F)

Answer 76

FALSE

Question 77

In esophageal transit scintigraphy, the radiopharmaceutical is applied per os (T/F)

Answer 77

TRUE

Question 78

Radiopharmaceutical for esophageal transit is 99mTc-pertechnetate given with water (T/F)

Answer 78

FALSE

Question 79

Gastro-oesophageal reflux is shown as an increase in activity over the esophagus (T/F)

Answer 79

TRUE

Question 80

Detection of gastrointestinal bleeding is done with 18F-FDG (T/F)

Answer 80

FALSE

Question 81

Detection of gastro-intestinal bleeding can be done with 99mTc-S-colloid (T/F)

Answer 81

TRUE

Question 82

Scintigraphy of Meckel's diverticulum is used to detect ectopic gastric mucosa (T/F)

Answer 82

TRUE

Question 83

Scintigraphy of the liver and spleen is performed with 99mTc-labeled colloidal compounds (sulfur, tin, phytate) (T/F)

Answer 83

TRUE

Question 84

Focal liver lesions (tumors, abscesses, cysts) on coloid scintigraphy are shown as "hot“ fields (T/F)

Answer 84

FALSE

Question 85

Dynamic scintigraphy of the salivary glands is a method that detects: a) Sjögren's syndrome b) acute inflammation of the salivary glands c) chronic inflammation of the salivary glands d) all of the above (a, b, c, d)

Answer 85

D

Question 86

Dynamic scintigraphy of the salivary glands is done with stimulation a) vitamin C b) vitamin A. c) vitamin D d) Lasix

Answer 86

A

Question 87

Esophageal transit is a method by which the following can be diagnosed a) esophageal cancer b) scarring of the esophagus c) achalasia d) Under a) and b)

Answer 87

D

Question 88

A liquid meal for the detection of gastro-oesophageal reflux consists of a) 100ml of water and radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-S-colloid b) 200 ml of juice and radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-S-colloid c) 15 ml of water and radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-S-colloid d) 15 ml of water or juice and radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-S-colloid

Answer 88

D

Question 89

Labeling of erythrocytes for detection of intestinal bleeding is performed with the following radionuclide a) 18F-FDG b) 111In c) 99mTc pertechnetate d) All of the above (a, b, c)

Answer 89

C

Question 90

The presence of bleeding in the abdomen with labeled erythrocytes is shown as a) pathological finding in the liver b) "cold" field at the site of bleeding c) “hot” field at the site of bleeding d) "hot" field at the site of bleeding with accumulation distal to the site of bleeding due to accumulation of blood

Answer 90

D

Question 91

The ectopic gastric mucosa in the Meckel's diverticulum is shown on the scintigram as a) “cold” field b) "hot" field in the region of the stomach c) “hot” field paraumbilicular d) all of the above (a, b, c)

Answer 91

C

Question 92

Scintigraphy of the liver and spleen is done with a) 99mTc-S-colloid b) 99mTc-Sn-colloid c) 99mTc-phytate d) All of the above (a, b, c)

Answer 92

D

Question 93

Indications for scintigraphy of the liver and spleen are a) Determining the position, shape and size of the liver b) determination of the etiopathogenesis of liver focal lesions c) suspected asplenia d) All of the above (a, b, c)

Answer 93

D

Question 94

The differential diagnosis of hepatic hemangiomas is made: a) Labeled erythrocytes with 99mTc-Sn-pyrophosphate b) Labeled leukocytes with 99mTc-Sn-pyrophosphate c) Platelet-labeled with 99mTc-Sn-pyrophosphate d) All of the above under a), b) c)

Answer 94

A

Question 95

Hemangioma is shown on the scintigram as: a) “cold” field b) “hot” field c) “cold field” on the early and “hot” field on the late scintigram d) None of the above

Answer 95

B