Combined Physics - 6.3 Flashcards

1
Q

How can the density of a material be calculated?

A
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2
Q

What are the three states of matter?

A
  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
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3
Q

What affects the density of an object?

A

The material it is made of and how the particles are arranged

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4
Q

Draw a model of the particle arrangement for a solid

A
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5
Q

Draw a model of the particle arrangement for a liquid

A
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6
Q

Draw a model of the particle arrangement for a gas

A
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7
Q

What does the phrase: “a change of state conserves mass” mean?

A

When materials change state this is a physical change where the number of particles (and the mass) remains the same

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8
Q

Describe the state changes

A
  • Melting (solid → liquid)
  • Freezing (liquid → solid)
  • Sublimating (solid → gas)
  • Boiling / evaporating (liquid → gas)
  • Condensing (gas → liquid)
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9
Q

What happens in a physical change of state to a material’s original properties?

A

The properties can be recovered if the change is reversed

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10
Q

What is internal energy?

A

The energy stored by the particles which makes up a system

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11
Q

How can internal energy be calculated?

A

It is the total kinetic energy and potential energy of all the particles that make up the system

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12
Q

What happens to the internal energy of a system when heat is applied?

A

Heating the system transfers energy to the particles (gaining energy in their kinetic stores and moving faster) increasing the internal energy

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13
Q

What is the specific heat capacity of a substance?

A

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of the substance by 1oC

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14
Q

What does a change of state require?

A

Energy

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15
Q

What is specific latent heat?

A

The amount of energy needed to change 1kg of the substance’s state (without changing its temperature)

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16
Q

What is specific latent heat of fusion?

A

A change of state from solid to liquid

17
Q

What is specific latent heat of vapourisation?

A

A change of state for liquid to vapour

18
Q

What do the horizontal lines on a heating or cooling curve represent?

A

A change of state

19
Q

What is average energy in kinetic stores related to?

A

Temperature

20
Q

What happens to the particles of a gas when temperature is increased?

A

The average speed of the particles increases as the energy in the particles’ kinetic energy stores is ½mv2

21
Q

Explain what changing the temperature of a gas at constant volume causes

A

Increases the pressure as the particles move faster and hit the container walls more often

22
Q

What can a change in pressure cause?

A

A change in volume

23
Q

Why can work done cause a temperature increase in a gas?

A

Energy transferred by a force (work) transfers energy to the kinetic energy stores of the gas particles, increasing their temperature