Comm 105 Final Flashcards
(143 cards)
1
Q
Personal Relationship
A
An irreplaceable relationship defined by uniqueness, rules, relationship dialectics, and commitment.
2
Q
Social Relationship
A
A replaceable relationship that tends to follow broad social scripts and rules
3
Q
Constitutive Rules
A
Communication rules that specify how certain communicative acts are to be interpreted
4
Q
Regulative Rules
A
Communication rules that regulate interaction by specifying when, how, where, and with whom to talk about certain things
5
Q
Relationship Dialectics
A
The tensions between opposing forces or tendencies that are normal parts of all relationships
6
Q
Autonomy
A
Dialectic that involves a desire for independence and to be separate from one another
7
Q
Connection
A
Dialectic that involves a desire for closeness to one another
8
Q
Novelty
A
Dialectic that involves a desire for spontaneity and unpredicatbility
9
Q
Predictability
A
Dialectic that involves a desire for routine and familiar experiences
10
Q
Openness
A
Dialectic that involves a desire to share private thoughts, feelings, and experiences with one another
11
Q
Closedness
A
Dialectic that involves a desire for privacy
12
Q
Neutralization
A
Balancing or finding a compromise between two dialectical differences
13
Q
Separation
A
Addresses one dialectic need and ignores the other need
14
Q
Segmentation
A
Assigning different dialectics to be used in certain situations
15
Q
Reframing
A
Reinterprets opposite dialectics to not be in contradiction to one another
16
Q
Relational Equity Theory
A
A theory that people are happier when partners believe that the benefits and the costs of the relationship are equal for both members
17
Q
Psychological Responsibility
A
An obligation to remember, plan, and coordinate domestic work and child care
18
Q
Communication Climate
A
The overall feeling, or emotional mood, between people
19
Q
Confirmation
A
Expressed value for other people
20
Q
Recognition
A
Expression of awareness of another person’s existence
21
Q
Acknowledgment
A
Attentiveness to what another person feels, thinks, and/or says
22
Q
Endorsement
A
Communicating acceptance of another person’s thoughts or feelings
23
Q
Defensive Climate
A
Relational climate in which one or more people become defensive or have a lack of communication due to lack of respect or power
24
Q
Supportive Climate
A
Relational climate in which all members can speak freely because of all-around respect and equality
25
Evaluation
Evaluating how others feel without empathy. Defensive
26
Description
Describes behaviors without passing judgment. Supportive
27
Certainty
Suggesting only one valid answer, point of view, or course of action. Defensive
28
Provisionalism
Tentative language that allows openness to other points of view. Supportive
29
Strategy
Communication aimed at manipulating a person or group for some benefit. Defensive
30
Spontaneity
Asking for a favor in an open, honest, respectful way while not being manipulative. Supportive
31
Control
Disrespectful communication that attempts to coerce others. Defensive
32
Problem-Orientation
Respectfully fostering an open interaction climate to reduce conflict. Supportive
33
Neutrality
Implies indifference to others and what they say. Defensive
34
Empathy
Confirms the worth of others and shows concern for their thought and feelings. Supportive
35
Superiority
Holding power over another to belittle them. Defensive
36
Equality
Facilitating a fair and level environment that supports everyone's thoughts and beliefs. Supportive
37
Ethnocentrism
The tendency to assume one way of life is normal and superior to other ways of life
38
Overt Conflict
People express indifferences in a straightforward manner to address a conflict
39
Covert Conflict
People avoid direct confrontation of a conflict
40
Conflict Orientation
Ways in which to view conflict, three types
41
Lose-Lose Orientation
Assuming everyone loses when conflict occurs
42
Lose-Win Orientation
Assuming one person wins and the other(s) loses when conflict occurs
43
Win-Win Orientation
Assuming everyone will gain something from the conflict
44
Conflict Responses
Ways in which to respond to conflict
45
Exit
Leaving the conflict physically or psychologically (Active/Destructive)
46
Neglect
Denying or minimizing the conflict (Passive/Destructive)
47
Voice
Focuses on directly dealing with conflicts and manages indifferences. Potentially most constructive response (Active/Constructive)
48
Loyalty
Staying committed to a relationship despite differences (Passive/Constructive)
49
Aggressive Language
Demanding and selfish confrontational language
50
Assertive Language
Respectful confrontational language. Can be firm and unapologetic
51
Deferential Language
Confrontational language that disrespects your own feelings and not the needs others
52
Culture (Wood Definition)
"The beliefs, understandings, practices, and ways of interpreting experience that is shared by a group of people," (Wood 153).
53
Surface-Level View of Culture
Patterns and behaviors viewable in a culture
54
Deep-Level View of Culture
Assumptions which govern surface-level behaviors
55
Social Community
A group of people who live within a dominant culture yet also belong to another social group(s) that share values, understandings, and practices distinct of those of the dominant culture
56
Intersectionality
Looking how different systems of inequality may influence each other
57
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
The theory that people find uncertainty uncomfortable which motivates people to use communication to reduce uncertainty
58
Assimilation
Giving up of one's native ways to take on the ways of another culture
59
Bounded ethicality
Hypocritical ethics
60
Believers vs Builders
Passive/Active embrace of diversity and inclusion
61
Growth Mindset
A belief that all situations give opportunity to allow for growth and positive change
62
Project Teams
A group consisting of people who combine their knowledge and skills to accomplish a common goal
63
Focus Groups
Groups that are tasked in finding out what people think about a specific idea, product, issue, or person
64
Brainstorming Groups
Groups with a goal to generate ideas
65
Advisory Groups
Groups that allow decision makers to benefit from other experts' information and advice pertinent to developing effective policies and making informed decisions; groups that give advice
66
Quality Improvement Teams
Groups that include three or more people who have distinct skills or knowledge and who work together to improve quality in an organization
67
Decision-Making Groups
Groups that make decisions
68
Social Loafing
Exists when members of a group exert less effort than they would if they worked alone
69
Power-To
The ability to empower others to reach their goals
70
Power-Over
The ability to use power to help or harm others
71
Hierarchy
Arrangement at different levels: above, below, equal
72
Corporate Stories
Stories that are spoken around a corporation to reinforce values and connection
73
Personal Stories
Stories that explain how people view themselves and how they want other people to view them
74
Collegial Stories
Stories that describe other people in the organization
75
Self Affirmation
Not boasting or self-aggrandizement, less dependent on the approval of others
76
Roles
Responsibilities and behaviors expected of people because of their specific positions in an organziation
77
Mass Media
Forms of communication that address large audiences or publics (i.e. books, films, advertising, etc.)
78
Media
Ways in which to communicate. (i.e. personal emails, texts, phone calls, etc.)
79
Marshall McLuhan's Quote
"The medium is the message"-- the form in which we communicate is more important than the actual message
80
Global Village
Modern day world-wide community made possible by electronic communication that instantaneously links people all over the world
81
Usage and Gratification Theory
Theory that claims people use mass communication to gratify their interests and desires
82
Agenda Setting
Media's selection of issues, events, and people to highlight for attention
83
Gatekeeper
A person or group that controls the choice of presentation topics by media
84
Cultivation of Worldviews
A cumulative process by which the media fosters beliefs about social reality, including the belief that the world is more dangerous and violent than it is
85
Mainstreaming
The effect of television in stabilizing and homogenizing views within society
86
Desirability and Normalcy
How media defines what is desirable and "normal" in a society, often through representation
87
Logical Fallacies
A mistaken belief, argument, or action, typically in debates
88
Ad Hominem Attack
An attack on character rather than argument
89
Inconsistency Ad Hominem
A belief that since a person acts contrary to their own argument, their argument must be false
90
Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc
After this, therefore this; falsely assumes cause and effect
91
Bandwagon Appeal
Appealing to the majority for no other sake
92
Slippery Slope
If this, then that, then catastrophe
93
Hasty Generalization
Makes a claim applying to a large group of people based on a small sample; stereotype
94
False Dichotomy (Either-Or)
Belief there is only two options. All or nothing
95
Red Herring Argument
Refocuses attention to another topic
96
Reliance on the Halo Effect
Cognitive bias in which our overall impression of a person influences how we feel and think about their character
97
Content vs Relationship level meaning
Literal information in a message / Message expresses the relationship between communicators
98
Noise
Anything that interferes with communication. Can be audible, physical, psychological
99
Perception
The active process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting people, objects, situations, events, and activities
100
Cognitive Schemata
Mental structures people use to organize and interpret an experience
101
Prototype Schemata
A knowledge structure that defines the clearest or most representative example of some category
102
Personal Construct
A bipolar mental judgement of people and situations
103
Stereotype
A predictive generalization about a person or situation
104
Script
Defines expected or appropriate sequences of action in particular settings
105
Person-Centeredness
The ability to perceive another as a unique and distinct individual apart from social roles and generalization
106
Arbitrary Language
The verbal symbols in language are not intrinsically connected to what they represent
107
Ambiguous Language
Symbols and words that are subject to multiple meanings depending on context
108
Static Evaluation
"Blanket statement", generalizing judgements. Keywords: always, never, etc.
109
Qualifying Language
Judgment in a specific instance
110
I-Language
Language that identifies the speaker's or perceiver's thought and feelings
111
You-Language
Language that attributes intentions and motives to another person
112
Kinesics
Nonverbal communication through body position and movements
113
Haptics
Nonverbal communication involving physical touch
114
Artifacts
Personal objects used to identify oneself
115
Proxemics
Nonverbal communication relating to space and how one uses it
116
Chronemics
Nonverbal communication involving how we perceive and use time to define identities and interaction
117
Paralanguage
Communication that is vocal but not verbal. Includes accents, volume, pitch, grunts
118
Silence
Nonverbal communication that involves the lack of sound
119
Hearing vs Listening
Physiological activity that occurs when sound waves hit functioning ear drums / The process of receiving, constructing meaning from messages
120
Mindfulness
Being fully present in the moment, the first step of listening
121
Pseudolistening
Pretending to listen
122
Monopolizing
Continuously focusing communication on oneself
123
Selective Listening
Focusing only on particular parts of communication
124
Defensive Listening
Perceiving a personal attack, criticism, or hostile undertone in communication when none is intended
125
Ambushing
Listening carefully to a speaker in order to attack them
126
Literal Listening
Listening to only the content level meaning and ignoring the relationship level meaning
127
Generalized Other
The perspective that represents one's perception of the rules, roles, and attitudes are endorsed by one's group or community
128
Particular Others
Specific people who are significant to the self and who influence the self's values, perspectives, and esteem
129
Life Scripts
Guides to action based on rules for living and identity
130
Direct Definition
Communication that tells us who we are by explicitly labelling us and reacting to our behaviors
131
Initial Credibility
The expertise and trustworthiness listeners attribute to a speaker before a presentation begins
132
Derived Credibility
The expertise and trustworthiness listeners attribute to a speaker during a presentation
133
Terminal Credibility
The cumulative combination of initial and derived credibility
134
Self-Awareness
The ability to recognize and understand own moods, emotions, drives, and their effects on others (Emotional Intelligence)
135
Self-Regulation
Taking control of self emotions and impulses (Emotional Intelligence)
136
Motivation
A drive to succeed and encourage others (Emotional Intelligence)
137
Empathy (Emotional Intelligence)
Thoughtfully considering others' emotions (Emotional Intelligence)
138
Social Skill
Friendliness with a purpose, extremely outgoing (Emotional Intelligence)
139
Ethos
Speaker credibility
140
Pathos
Emotional appeal
141
Logos
Logical Appeal
142
Qualitative Research
Interpretive techniques, including textual analysis, and ethnography, are used to understand the character of experience, and how people perceive and make sense of communication
143
Quantitative Research
Techniques to gather and analyze numerical, quantifiable data
