Comm 158 Midterm Flashcards

Question

Pigeon's Speed, Latency, and Channel Capacity

Answer 1

Pigeon has a high channel capacity, since it has to fly there and is slow and will take its time. Has a low channel capacity, since it cannot carry much.

Answer 2

Almost none since now there are headers that show people the most important information.

Answer 3

Users have control over what they want to watch, but they don't have much control over what is being offered to them. Internet: Usually pull, but sometimes they send us stuff we dont want - personalized ads.

Answer 4

Start up costs, marginal costs, production costs, delivery costs, etc.

Answer 5

Newspaper: Visual Radio: Audio TV: Audiovisual (Split into two channels) FTF: All of them

Answer 6

Those who saw Nixon as looking pale said they believed Kennedy had won, but those who listened to the debate on the radio believed Nixon won.

Answer 7

Tend to be intuitive, direct, persuasive than text-only presentations since they appeal to emotion and not only logic. Showing people photos of nasty lungs and teeth are far more persuasive than telling someone not to spoke and presenting them with facts.

Answer 8

Continuous: infinite number of values between two values

Answer 9

Not continous: not infinite, represents data as a sequence of discrete values

Answer 10

Speech: (verbal and nonverbal; audio) Reading/writing (verbal, visual) Photograph (nonverbal; visual)

Answer 11

We do not lose information in speaking, but we can lose some when we use analog or digital. When you make a copy of a CD, you copy the discrete version not the analog. When you copy a tape, you copy the analog version and that makes every single tape different.

Answer 12

We didn’t make progress over 3,000 years, and before there was 1 spike when they introduced agriculture, and after there is a major second spike in the 2000's due to the industrial revolution. Important how you allocate labors to factories that allow mass production and increases in populations. If you compare between the West and the East in efficiency, there is a difference. The China Dynasty had better efficiency with population and then stopped when they didn’t advance technology with the West.

Answer 13

China and Korea stayed away and it delayed the enhancement of production.

Answer 14

Some countries are rich because they have a lot of oil. Does not make the country extremely rich, but rather some people.

Answer 15

It seeks to explain social and historical phenomena in terms of one principal or determining factor Outcomes is always fixed as long as you have the same input (deterministic system) Strong causal relationship. (3 Things) Autonomous and independent, cant control or predict, and same technology will yield the same result.

Answer 16

Technology and its uses are determined by social factors. Is it an advanced society first or advanced technology?

Answer 17

Says there is direct influence between technology (medium) and society. Using a certain medium transforms ourselves into type of human being, directly. The effects of technology do not occur at the level of opinions or concepts, but alter sense rations of patterns of perception steadily and without any resistance.

Answer 18

Believes technology is on its own, unpredictable and its effects are out of human hands.

Answer 19

Can't stop its process. Since it was possible, it was necessary like the atomic bomb.

Answer 20

The effects of a technology is universal across all different cultures and societies. Same effect in different societies.

Answer 21

They were autonomous, as they deviated for their original intention. They were imperatice, as it grew rapidly and inevitably.

Answer 22

○ Whether a technology will be adopted or not ○ How it will be used Marketing, licensing, regulation, etc

Answer 23

The Chinese discovered gunpowder, but did not choose to develop the gun. They are a more harmonized society than the West.

Answer 24

○ Firewall: a network's security feature which monitors and blocks dangerous or suspicious network traffic to protect the network ○ China's security feature which monitors and blocks dangerous or suspicious internet traffic and online activities too § Banning keywords § Punish anti-government movements (eg, spread rumors) Block foreign services

Answer 25

A new device merely opens a door; it does not compel one to enter. Technology enabled multiple possibilities which we may or may not choose to develop as a society.

Answer 26

The medium itself contains an ideological bias. ○ Intellectual and emotional biases ○ Political biases ○ Sensory biases ○ Social biases ○ Content biases Because of the accessibility and speed of their information, different media have different political biases Because of their physical form, different media have different sensory biases

Answer 27

Early language was gestures, facial expressions, and vocalizaitons. Language is now words and grammar. Language Advantages ○ Speed - channel capacity ○ High fidelity - more accurate ○ Unlimited number of distinct messages Works in the dark

Answer 28

Language is discrete and not continous. There is a dog or a cat and you cant be a little more than the other. No transmission error since we can copy and get exact. Gives us more information than a facial expression.

Answer 29

A dictionary contains a finite number of words. 50-60K words for an average adult. We have grammar. Can represent an infinite amount of thoughts without physical limitation on the brain's storage.

Answer 30

Languages are vital in teaching tool making. Wernicke's area: Area in the brain believed to be responsible for language. Language and tool making might have evolved together.

Answer 31

The language we speak shapes our thoughts TV: The way we address a second person according to the social relationship. V is formal and T is informal. (Koreans have hierarchical society, so they use the V)

Answer 32

We think in a linear fashion and that is the same way we speak. There are non linear languages, such as programming languages. Can only speak one word at a time so they are in order.

Answer 33

Speed: We can read faster than we talk and listen. Cost: Paper and pen, certain skill needed Accuracy: More accuracy with writing and also verbal if we do not change Context: Requires the listener to have some background knowledge on it Without written, we depend more on context, such as watching TV and remembering more than with newspaper.

Answer 34

Information access and retriveal (the way we think), larger audiences and cheaper access (poltiics), improved capacity and efficiency (conomic impacts)

Answer 35

Helped us count, since we had something to store.

Answer 36

Something that stands for something else. There is a huge dictionary of them- you need to learn them. Can be shared across languages.

Answer 37

a symbol representing an idea or an object without expressing the pronunciation of a particular word - can be abstract. No parking symbol.

Answer 38

a symbol representing an idea or an object by its pictorial resemblance. Dogs allowed.

Answer 39

a symbol representing a word or phenome in speech: alphabet letter.

Answer 40

Hanzi: Chinese characters where every symbol arries meaning and every character represents a word. Reformed Chinese characters so that more people would learn.

Answer 41

They have invented many communicatino types: characters, papers. Distinct cultural and social factors than the West. Wanted to reform in order to allow literacy to the masses, but they have a lot of dialects, characters, in order to standardize. Language is not for everyone- inequality. Government's control has effects. Has poltiical effecs.

Answer 42

Hierarchical system. Different speaking languages, but same written language. Acces to the same books in order to have a more cohesive society. Reading/writing are for those who can afford an education. Formal writing/characters are used by those with a higher social status.

Answer 43

Korean alphabet created to replaces Chinese characters. It was easy to learn, but it was not approved.

Answer 44

To produce a large number of identical copies of the same content. Faster thna scribing. The movable printing press was invented by Johannes Gutenberg, where before they would use woodblock carvings.

Answer 45

Only church and state owned the right, content was screened. When they lost that control, publications skyrocketed.

Answer 46

Become more affordable and the cost of paper dropped. Authorities couldnt control it and it helped spak political revolutions.

Answer 47

There was a hierarchical society, so information went frmo the church and the state and then to the people. There was no upward communication. This is how it works in many authoritarian governmetns and even many organizations.

Answer 48

Modular and horizontal societies and communities. Information is produced and shared by people and there is a strong middle class. There is peer-to-peer communication. Has social implications and can lead to revolutions.

Answer 49

There were existing authorities whose power was monopolized by a class of landowners. From there, a new class of merchants and traders emerged. There is always more publications when there are wars of publications going around.

Answer 50

Was found with his throat slit and people were told it was suicide, but after some investigation it was declared to be murder decalred by the King's brother with the use of the press.

Answer 51

Regarded as a tyrant who did terrible things in the name of the state. Bypassed Parliament and used the power of the state to fight his enemies. Later he was killed. A couple was invited to be king and Queen and they drafted a bill of rights that included free speech and it began parliament with democracy

Answer 52

1. Common people and the printing press made revolutionaries possible. 2. Spread of ideas and organization of revolution with printing press. 3. Political freedom since the press is in the hands of the people. Arab springs Twitter revolution was coordinated by people, nor controlled by the state, and allowed publicizing.

Comm 158 Midterm Flashcards

(76 cards)