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comm final Flashcards

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1
Q

What element of communication is the foundation for creating meaning?

A

phonology ( sounds )

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2
Q

Define immediacy

A

How close or involved people appear to be with each other

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3
Q

Define paralinguistics

A

aspects of spoken language except for the words themselves (rate, volume, pitch and stress)

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4
Q

What is the best way to understand the perspective of another person?

A

Understand how others think and interpret their experience; ASK THEM

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5
Q

What are the techniques for conversing effectively?

A

Perspective taking, contextuals, and conversational awareness

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6
Q

What are the strategies for initiating conversations? Be able to recognize examples.

A

Introduce yourself, ask how you are?, ask a question, comment on the environment, general complaint, comment on the “social line”

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7
Q

In hurtful messages, what is the role of intention?

A

Purposely causing harm to the recipient

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8
Q

What are the behaviors to display when making an apology?

A

Don’t wait, be genuine, accept the other person’s anger, identify what you did wrong, don’t offer excuses, ensure how it will not happen again

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9
Q

What are the types of border dwellers? Be able to recognize examples.

A

People who haver partners from diffrent cultural backrounds

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10
Q

What are Hofstede’s cultural dimensions?

A

low power- high power
Individualism-collectivsm
masculinty- femninity
low uncertainties- high uncertainties
short term orentiation- long term orentation

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11
Q

how do individualism and and collectivism differ

A

Individualism: value orientation that respects the autonomy and independence of individuals
Collectivism: stresses the needs of the group

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12
Q

Define co-cultures and be able to recognize examples. CO-CULTURAL GROUP

A

A significant minority group within a dominant majority that does not share dominant group values or communication patterns

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13
Q

What is ethnocentrism?

A

Tendency to view one’s own group as the standard against which all other groups are judged

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14
Q

dialectical tension
autonomy/ connection

A

the need to connect with others but also feel independent

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15
Q

What is the matching hypothesis?

A

The tendency to develop relationships with people are approximately as attractive as we are

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16
Q

What are the types of termination strategies

A

De-escalation- lets just be friends, justification- gives good reasons,
positive tones- “i care about you but…”, behavioral de-escalation- ghosting, negative identity management

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17
Q

Define small groups

A

A group of 3-15 sharing a common purpose, interdependent, exert influence on eachother

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18
Q

task roles

A

roles that are directly related to the accomplishment/related to getting the job done

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19
Q

relationship roles

A

helps make group strong and brings group together

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20
Q

individual roles

A

roles focusing on ones own interests rather than those of the group

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21
Q

what is group think

A

decison making as a group

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22
Q

leadership style, Authoritarian

A

takes charge and has a high level of expertise, makes all decisions and dictates work tasks

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23
Q

leadership style, Democratic

A

lots of input from group members

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24
Q

leadership style, Laissez-faire

A

complete freedom in making decisions, leader has minimal participation

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25
What are the disadvantages of working in small groups?
Longer decision making, minority opinions are silenced, distractions, poor decisions, relational problems
26
What are the two types of motivators?
Extrinsic (external)- bonuses, raises, promotions, titles AND Intrinsic (internal)- creating goals to achieve with feedback after
27
organizational climate
a perception of the enviorment and culture ## Footnote annual bonuses, special events, and gifts may have a positive impact on the organizational climate
28
In what directions does communication move in organizations and who interacts in each?
Downward- from boss to employees Upward- employees to boss Horizontal- with peers
29
emotion labor
Job requiring you to control your emotions in one way or another
30
empowerment
authority or power given to someone to do something. ## Footnote Feeling capable of performing a job and having the authority to decide how to perform it well
31
What are the three artistic proofs?
Ethos- credibility Pathos- emotions Logos- logic
32
Which artistic proof did Aristotle consider most important?
ethos
33
rhetorical critic
An informed consumer or rhetorical discourse who is prepared to analyze rhetorical texts
34
What is the most important condition for determining whether a group meeting should be called?
Did everyone get their job done? (otherwise there is no reason to meet)
35
What were Cicero's three objectives of public speaking?
inform, persuade, and entertain
36
What should be included as a final item in the agenda?
What happens next? final goal
37
Who was the main speaker at the dedication of the Gettysburg cemetery during the Civil War?
Edward Everett
38
What were the two steps that increased happiness in the study in "The Experiment in Gratitude" video?
Writing down your feelings of gratitude AND Verbally expressing gratitude
39
participant-observer
Someone participating but also asking, how are things going? How did it get done?
40
assertiveness
Sharing your position honestly while respecting the others position, Used situationally help you express yourself effectively and stand up for your point of view
41
Competing conflict style
win/lose, concern for self, me not we, uncooperative, seeks power ## Footnote attempt to gain power
42
Accommodating Conflict Style
lose/win, others over self, cooperative, unresolved issues ## Footnote set aside their own needs because they want to please others in order to keep the peace
43
avoiding conflict style
lose/lose, no concern for anyone, uncooperative, ## Footnote Avoiders deliberately ignore or withdraw from a conflict rather than face it
44
compromising conflict style
part win/part lose or lose/lose, some concern for each, moderately cooperative, fairness/tradeoffs
45
collaborating conflict style
win/win, concern for both, super cooperative, problem solving
46
What are the rules of brainstorming?
No criticism, write everything down
47
From the Buley reading on meeting people, what constitutes "bait"?
Something that attracts others to us
48
From the Buley reading on ending conversation, what are the typical stages of leave-taking behavior?
Signaling inaccessibility, signaling support for the relationship ## Footnote pointing your legs and feet away from the person and toward the door (I'm out of here.) a forward lean (I got it, let me go.) breaking eye contact (I am through taking in information.)
49
In the video on John Gottman's research on couples, what are the "Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse" and what is involved in each? predictors of divorce
1. criticism 2. Defensiveness 3.Contempt (disgust) 4. Stonewalling (refusing to interact)
50
In the IDEO design video, which leadership styles were used in the "deep dive" process?
ALL ## Footnote Democratic Authoritain Laissez-faire
51
Be familiar with the "deep dive" techniques used by the firm IDEO.
BRAINSTORMING!
52
According to our discussion of the book Women Don’t Ask, what are the potential benefits of negotiating a higher starting salary? How did men and women differ in negotiating?
RAISES TEND TO BE ON PERCENTAGES IF YOU ASK YOU WILL BE AHEAD, INCRMENTAL IMPROVEMNET, HIRED WITH ANOTHER COMPANY THEY TEND TO EQUAL, THEY WILL BE PERCEIVED AS MORE Competent ## Footnote Men initiate negotiations about four times as often as women.
53
dialectical tensions expressiveness/privacy
be open but maintain some sort of privacy
54
dialectical tensions change/predictability
new events as well as stable aspects of your life
55
ethos
credibility written technique that appeals to an audience
56
pathos
emotions trying to make the audience feel angry or sympathetic
57
logos
logic appeals to the audience's reason, building up logical arguments.
58
Uncertainty reduction theory
reduce uncertainty about others by gaining information about them.
59
proximity
how physically close one is to others
60
Predicted outcome theory
to say that an event or action will happen in the future, especially as a result of knowledge
61
machiavellian tactics
a third party shares that someone is unhappy in a relationship
62

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