Command Operations 202s Flashcards
These factors include those obvious to visual observation and those absorbed subconsciously. This visual information is categorized as the type that can normally be gained by actually looking at a tactical situation from the outside. This form of intelligence involves the perceptive capability of Command.
Visual Factors.
202.02
3/6
These factors include information that is not visually available to Command from a position on the outside of a tactical situation and must be gained by the initial arriving company or actually sending someone to check-out, go-see, look-up, research, advise, call, go-find, etc. This generally involves Command making a specific assignment and then receiving an information-oriented report.
Reconnaissance Factors.
202.02
3/6
These factors include the intelligence that is gained from formal pre-fire planning, general informal familiarization activities and from C.A.D. through the MCT (i.e., bldg. drawings, hazardous materials, etc.). Such intelligence increases the information initially available to Command from the OUTSIDE of a tactical situation. This information provides Command with intelligence that would otherwise have to come from a Reconnaissance report or might not be available.
Preplanning and Familiarity Factors.
202.02
3/6
What is the acronym for Critical Fireground Factors?
BFOLARS.
202.02
What are the Critical fireground factor for Building?
-Size Roof type (Bow string, bar joist, etc.), and condition
-Roof covering (concrete, composite, tile)
-Interior arrangement/access (stairs, halls, elevators)
-Construction type
-Age
-Condition–faults/weaknesses
-Value
-Compartmentation/separation
-Vertical-horizontal openings, shafts, channels
-Security/forcible entry needs
-Outside openings–doors and windows/degree of security
-Utility characteristics (hazards/controls)
-Concealed spaces/attic characteristics
-Access capability
-Effect the fire has had on the structure (at this point)
-How much building is left to burn
-Time projection on continuing fire effect on building
-Fire Protection (sprinklers/standpipes)
202.02
3/6
What are the Critical fireground factors for Fire?
- Size
- Extent (% of structure involved)
- Location (alpha, bravo, charlie, or delta side)
- Stage (inception–flashover)
- Direction of travel (most dangerous)
- Time of involvement
- What’s on fire
- Type and amount of material involved–structure/interior finish/contents/everything
- Type and amount of material left to burn
- Combustion liberation (intensity of smoke, heat, fire gases and flame)
- Fire area and perimeter
- Fire access (ability to operate directly onto the fire)
202. 02
What are the Critical fireground factors for Occupancy?
- Specific occupancy
- Type-group (business, mercantile, public assembly, institutional, residential, hazardous, industrial, storage, school)
- Value characteristics associated with occupancy
- Fire load (size, nature)
- Status (open, closed, occupied, vacant, abandoned, under construction)
- Associated characteristics/use (plating shop, storage, nursing home, etc.)
- Type of contents (based on occupancy)
- Time–as it affects occupancy use
202. 02
What are the Critical fireground factors for Life Hazard?
- Location of occupants (in relation to the fire)
- Number of occupants
- Condition of occupants (by virtue of fire exposure)
- Incapacities of occupants
- Resource level required for search and rescue
- EMS needs
- Time estimate of fire effect on victims
- Exposure of spectators/control of spectators
- Hazards to fire personnel
- Access rescue forces have to victims
- Characteristics of escape routes/avenues of escape (type, safety, fire conditions, etc.)
202. 02
What are the Critical fireground factors for Arrangement?
- Access, arrangement, and distance of external exposure
- Combustibility of exposures
- Access, arrangement, and nature of internal exposures
- Severity and urgency of exposures (fire effect)
- Value of exposures
- Most dangerous direction–avenue of spread
- Time estimate of fire effect on exposures (internal and external)
- Barriers/Obstructions to operations
- Capability/limitations on apparatus movement and use
- Multiple buildings
202. 02
What are the Critical fireground factors for Resources?
- Staffing and equipment on scene
- Staffing and equipment responding
- Staffing and equipment available in reserve or in Staging
- Estimate of response time additional resources
- Condition of personnel
- Capability and willingness of personnel
- Capability of Command personnel
- Number and location of hydrants
- Supplemental water sources
- Adequacy of water supply
- Built-in private fire protection (sprinkler, standpipe, alarms)
202. 02
What are the Critical fireground factors for Special/other factors?
- Time of day/night
- Day of week
- Season
- Special hazards by virtue of holidays and special events
- Weather (wind, rain, heat, cold, humid, visibility)
- Social conditions (strike, riot, terrorism, special events)
202. 02
In the IAP, what are the objectives of a Offensive strategy?
- Firefighter Safety
- Rescue(Primary Search)
- Transitional Fire Attack
- Interior Fire Attack
- Control and Coordinate
- Ventilation
- Support work (ladders)
202. 02
In the IAP, what are the objectives of a Defensive strategy?
- Firefighter Safety
- Establish Hazard Zone
- ALL CLEARS in exposures
- Prevent extension to exposures
- Firefighter’s safety is THE #1 Tactical Priority for a Defensive Strategy
202. 02
The activities required to protect occupants, remove those who are threatened and to treat the injured.
Rescue.(Search and Rescue)
202.02A
2/3
The activities required to stop the forward progress of the fire and to bring the fire under control.
Fire Control.
202.02a
The activities required to stop or reduce primary or secondary loss to property and the negative psychological and emotional impact of the event on the customers.
Loss Control/stopped.
202.02a
What makes up the Umbrella of Service?
- FF safety
- Customer service.
- Loss control.
Firefighter Safety
Continuing efforts for firefighter safety include physical fitness and mental preparedness. Training prior to incidents and post incident reviews to assure safety, we are continuously looking for equipment to improve firefighter safety.
Customer service
We recruit members that understand the importance of customer service.
We acknowledge positive customer service actions and look for ways to better serve our customers.
Loss Control
The concept of Loss Control not only addresses salvage and overhaul techniques but also emphasizes the importance of craftsmanship, pride in profession, and compassion for those we service in time of need.
All three of these considerations take place before, during, and after all emergency responses.
This umbrella of service is as important as the tactical priorities and is critical to the success and positive outcome of an incident
202.02A
3/3
The strategic(Off/Def) mode will be based on:
-The rescue profile (savable occupants/survivability profile)
-The building (type of construction, condition, age, etc.)
-Structural integrity of the building (contents vs. structural involvement)
-The fire load (what type of fuel is burning and what’s left to burn)
-The fire and/or smoke conditions (extent, location, etc.)
202.02B
2/7
Command must consider the most critical direction and avenues of fire extension, plus its speed, particularly as they affect:
- Level of risk to firefighters
- Rescue activities
- Confinement efforts
- Exposure protection
In some cases, the most effective tactical analysis involves an evaluation of what is not burning rather than what is actually on fire. The unburned portion represents where the fire is going and should establish the framework for fire control activities and requirements.
202.02B
3/7
What are the 7 sides (or sectors) of the fire:
Front, rear, both sides, top, bottom, and interior.
202.02b
Command develops an effective attack through the management of these factors. Which are?
- Location/position of attack
- Size of attack
- Support functions
202. 02
Command should abandon offensive attacks with marginal conditions when:
-A primary “all clear” is obtained and the situation is still marginal.
-The roof is unsafe or untenable. Especially working fires in large unsupported, or lightweight trussed attic spaces.
-Interior forces encounter heavy heat and cannot locate the fire or cannot make any progress on the fire.
-Ineffective Transitional Attack
-Heavy smoke is being forced from the building under pressure and is
increasing.
THE ONLY REASON TO OPERATE INTERIOR IN MARGINAL SITUATIONS IS RESCUE.
202.02B
5/7
Master streams are generally the most effective tactic to be employed in defensive operations. For tactical purposes, a standard master stream flow of ___ GPM should be the guideline.
750.
202.02b
Fire “under control” means?
The forward progress of the fire has been stopped and the remaining fire can be extinguished with the on-scene resources.
202.02b
If defensive operations are conducted from the onset of the incident, Command will?
Notify Alarm that there will not be a primary search completed for the affected structure(s).
202.02b
When should a secondary search be done and by whom?
After “initial” fire control and ventilation activities have been completed. Secondary search should preferably be completed by different companies than those involved in primary search activities.
202.02c
Command must consider the following factors in developing a basic rescue size-up:
- Number, location and condition of victims
- Affect the fire has on the victims
3.Capability of the control forces to enter the building, remove/protect victims and
control fire.
202.02c
Rescue efforts should be extended in the following order:
Order of Rescue.
- The most severely threatened.
- The largest number(groups)
- The remainder of the fire area.
- The exposed areas.
- 02c
The most urgent reason for calling additional alarms is?
For the purpose of covering life safety.
Normal means of interior access (stairs, halls, interior public areas, etc.) should be utilized to remove victims whenever possible. Secondary means of rescue (platforms, ladders, fire escapes, helicopters, etc.) must be utilized in their order of effectiveness.
The term “SEARCH & RESCUE” should be used when structuring a primary search over the radio; “ALL CLEAR” should be used only as a completion report.
202.02c
5/5
In a reported FF mayday. What are the steps command should take?
1.Emergency traffic. Announce to the fireground of missing FF.
2.Strategy. Change the strategy to include a high priority rescue.
3. Additional alarms. Request at least one greater and with a medical component.
4. Staging. Utilize a central staging area for the incoming balance.
5.RIC. Commit the RIC team.
6. PAR. Initiate a roll call. Withdraw crews to the exterior if needed.
7.Fire fight. Do not abandon if anything reinforce positions.
8.Rescue sector. A Chief Officer must be assigned to direct the rescue sector and rescue operations.
9. Assign a Safety Sector. A safety sector in the affected area will help control the risk taking. The officer will be able to conduct an assessment of the hazards allowing time for the rescue sector officer to concentrate on the critical rescue effort.
202.03A
6/8
All firefighters must remember that the ____ side of the couplings lead toward the nozzle, ___ side of the couplings toward the pump.
Female,male.
202.03
4/5
What is a basic Offensive plan?
- Take command.
2.First line exterior transitional attack.
3.Provide support activities(Vent control)
4.Perform primary search if no resident “all clear” - Second line take to interior to extinguish fire/protect escape routes.
- Water supply.
7.Quickly evaluate progress and react.
202.04
2/3
What is a basic Defensive plan?
1.Take Command
2.Evaluate fire spread/write-off lost property
3.Identify key tactical positions
4.Prioritize fire streams
5.Provide big, well placed streams
6.Water Supply
7.Quick determination on additional resources
8.Surround and drown
9.Practice safe operating procedures
202.04
3/3
On the Bullard T3 TIC, the right side of the display will show a bar graph or?
Relative Heat Indicator(RHI).
The RHI will indicate the approximate temperature of the object viewed within the “crosshairs” shown in the middle of the screen. The accuracy of the indicators is dependent on numerous factors including the distance from the object being viewed and its emissivity, which is the object’s ability to radiate heat. Objects such as metals and shiny objects will reduce the accuracy of the temperature indication.
202.05A
3/6
On the Bullard T3 TIC, the Super Red Hot feature starts at?
500 degrees F.
Heated objects are tinted yellow and gradually transition to orange and then solid red as heat levels rise.
202.05A
3/6
On the Bullard T3 TIC, what is the Electronic Thermal Throttle used for?
For pinpointing hot spots during overhaul, searching for overheated electrical equipment, or clarifying objects in ambient temperature situations.
To activate the ETT option, locate the two black buttons on top of the unit. Press the down button (the button closer to the front of the imager) to activate. Continuing to press the down button (or holding it down) will further engage ETT and will color more of the scene blue, eventually coloring even the coolest objects blue. Throttle back and forth as necessary.
202.05A
3/6
On the Bullard T3 TIC, on the Scene Catcher Handle how do you activate the Video Capture Mode?
Wait for a solid green light and then depress and hold the Momentary Switch for more than two seconds.
**Depressing the Momentary switch for less than one second will capture a snap shot only.
202.05A
5/6
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus shall be used by all personnel operating:
- in a contaminated atmosphere
- in an atmosphere which may suddenly become contaminated
- in an atmosphere which is oxygen deficient
- in an atmosphere which is suspected of being contaminated or oxygen deficient
This includes all personnel operating:
• in an active fire area
• directly above an active fire area
• in a potential explosion or fire area, including gas leaks and fuel spills
• where products of combustion are visible in the atmosphere, including vehicle fires and dumpster fires
• where invisible contaminants are suspected to be present (i.e. Carbon Monoxide during overhaul)
• where toxic products are present, suspected to be present, or may be released without warning
• in any confined space which has not been tested to establish respiratory safety
202.05B
3/3
Personnel must use caution when placed in the following positions:
-Above the fire (floors/roof)
-Where fire can move in behind them
-Where a Sector cannot control position/retreat
-When involved with opposing fire streams
-Combining interior and exterior attacks
-With limited access–one way in/out
-Operating under involved roof structures
-In areas containing hazardous materials
-Below ground fires (basements, etc.)
-In areas where a backdraft potential exists
-Above/below ground rescue
202.05
2/15
When laddering a roof, the ladder selected shall be one, which will extend a minimum of ____ above the roofline.
4’-6’(feet).
202.05
What is defined as any area that requires an SCBA, charged hoseline, special protective clothing, or in which Firefighting Personnel are at risk of becoming lost, trapped, or injured by the environment or structure?
The Hot Zone.
202.05
4/15
What situations would be included inside the Hot Zone?
-Entering a structure reported to be on fire
-Operating in close proximity to the structure during exterior operations
-Confined Space or Trench Rescues
-Operating close to crane operations or close to swift water operations
-Building collapse areas
-Operating close to helicopter operations
-Extrication operations
202.05
4/15
What is defined as just outside of the Hot Zone where the firefighters start their operations on the fireground. This zone is where the fire fighter is not at risk of becoming lost, trapped, or injured by the environment or structure.
The Warm Zone.
202.05
The following functions could be done in the warm zone:
-Forward fire apparatus working the incident (i.e.; engines, ladders)
-Laying lines
-HMRT and TRT developing tactics and strategies
-Utility truck operations
-Special equipment needs
-Accountability Officer
-Fire Investigations
202.05
5/15
The following functions could be done in the cold zone:
-Command
-Level I & Level II staging
-Support and Staff personnel
-Canteen
-Rehab
-Media
-P .D. Liaison
-INTERVIEWING THE RESPONSIBLE PARTY
202.05
5/15
Signs of building collapse may include:
-Sagging or otherwise distorted rooflines.
-Time of fire involvement.
-Cracks in exterior walls.
-Bulges in exterior walls.
-Sounds of structural movement–creaking, groaning, snapping, etc.
-Smoke or water leaking through walls.
-Flexible movement of any floor or roof where firefighters walk.
-Interior or exterior bearing walls or columns–leaning, twisting or flexing.
202.05
9/15
What construction features or conditions have been known to fail prematurely or to contribute to early structural failure when affected by fire?
-Buildings with lightweight truss, bar joist, or bowstring truss, roofs.
-Buildings supported by unprotected metal beams, columns, etc.
-Parapet walls.
-Large open (unsupported) areas–supermarkets, warehouses, etc.
-Large signs or marquees–which may pull away from weakened walls.
-Cantilevered canopies–which usually depend on the roof for support and may collapse as the roof fails.
-Ornamental or secondary front or side walls–which may pull away and collapse
202.05
10/15
If a working fire is suspected in a high-rise building, the following procedures shall be adhered to:
- Utilize stairways to go aloft if possible.
- Elevators may be used to go aloft provided the following measures have been taken:
-The elevator shaft must be checked to ensure that heat/fire have not damaged the hoist mechanism, etc. This can be done by checking the space between the doorframe and the elevator car and shining a light up the shaft. If smoke or fire are visible in the shaft, DO NOT USE THE ELEVATOR.
-Before using an elevator, the nearest enclosed stairway should be identified. Should the elevator stop at a floor with heavy SMOKE or intense heat, firefighters can then head directly for the stairs without losing time searching for them.
-You must verify that the floor you are going to arrive at is uninvolved. This can be done by utilizing the following measures:
Elevators With Firefighter Service Feature
• Engage the Emergency Operations feature.
• Take elevator to the floor two floors below the suspected fire floor.
• Be prepared to close the elevator door immediately, usually by removing finger from
the door control button, if fire or smoke are visible on the floor.
Elevators WITHOUT the Emergency Operations shall not be used if a working fire is indicated.
202.05
14/15
When operating around a high-rise building where the potential hazards of falling glass and debris exist, a fireground perimeter shall be established approximately ___ from the building and shall be observed by all Fire personnel as a high hazard area.
200’(feet).
Pumpers supplying water shall utilize hydrants outside the perimeter area when possible.
202.05
14/15
The objectives for Roof Sector operations include:
-Determining a safe working surface.
-Complete adequate size ventilation hole(s) and achieve effective ventilation.
-Coordinate roof ventilation with interior crews.
-Coordinate roof fire control operations (i.e. Roof Attack) as directed by Command.
-Maintain roof-top monitoring of roof structure and fire conditions.
-Communicate with Interior Sector
-Provide progress reports to Command.
202.06
3/4
The initial Roof Sector Officer must report to Command the following conditions:
-Roof design and construction (flat, peaked, bowstring, etc.)
-Structural conditions
-Fire conditions or effects of fire on roof
-Locations of fire walls
-Locations of heavy objects that are affected by fire conditions
-Ventilation plan
202.06
3/4
For high-rise operations, the Resource Sector is normally established:
Two(2) floors below the fire floor or other safe environment location below the fire.
202.07
The Resource Sector exists to?
To provides an identifiable location at which available supplies are assembled to provide immediate support when required.
The Resource Sector is also responsible for having the immediate area checked for equipment which may have been left at the scene upon termination of the incident.
202.07
2/3
When Resource sector has been established in a high rise fire. What is the minimum amount of crews that should be kept in resource?
A minimum of one company for every company on the fire floor should be maintained in Resource.
In high-rise fires, as companies arrive in staging and their apparatus is not needed for fire operations, crews should be sent to Resource Sector. Companies in the Resource Sector should be kept intact and assigned as a unit.
202.07
3/3
In high-rise fires, the radio designation “Resource” should include?
The floor number that Resource is located on.
Typical supplies include spare air bottles, hose, nozzles, hand tools, blowers, lights and loss control equipment. For major medical incidents backboards, c-collars, oxygen, and associated equipment should be assembled.
202.07
2/3
The heat stress management protocol will be implemented?
From May 15th to September 15th or as needed whenever temperatures are expected to exceed 105 degrees or whenever the combination of air temperature and humidity equal a heat index of 105 degrees.
202.08
2/3
What are MEMBERS responsibilities according to the heat stress management SOP?
-maintain proper rest/nutrition regimen
-observe appropriate work/rest cycles
-hydrate before, during, and after each shift (minimize coffee, tea, and cola products)
-inform supervisor of any ill effects to heat
202.08
2/3
What are COMPANY OFFICERS responsibilities according to the heat stress management SOP?
-Outside cardiovascular activity (tennis, racquetball, running, etc.). Shall be limited to a maximum of 30 minutes during this time period.
-a minimum of 64 ounces (2 quarts) of fluid should be consumed during the 24 hour shift.
-work/rest cycles–request a relief company and assignment to rehab after crew has consumed two bottles of air.
202.08
2/3
What are COMMANDS responsibilities according to the heat stress management SOP?
• Establish a Rehab Sector on all working fires.
• Assign companies to Rehab Sector immediately after work cycles. (companies shall remain in rehab for a minimum of 20 minutes and meet rehab recovery criteria before reassignment).
• If possible, utilize the practice of first company in, first company out.
• Request additional resources as necessary.
202.08
2/3
What is the dispatch protocol according to the heat stress management SOP?
• During summer months, for all 3 & 1 assignments, one relief RIC company and rehab apparatus will be dispatched on working structural fires.
• On 1st Alarm Fires, one additional company and the rehab apparatus will be dispatched on all working assignments.
202.08
3/3
In an effort to reduce the exposure to known carcinogens found in smoke, this SOP will help guide members to minimize exposure to carcinogens they will encounter when exposed to fire or smoke conditions. For this SOP, an exposure is defined as:
Any member that is exposed to smoke, fire, interior operations, or any other condition that is deemed hazardous by the incident commander, captain, or crew.
202.08B
2/5
On a multi-unit response the ____ _____ will be responsible for assigning each crew to decontaminate prior to that crews replenishment or rehab.
Incident commander.
202.08b
The ROCC Valley Regional Wellness Committee recommends the following to reduce their exposure to products of combustion:
-Wipe down head, neck, arms and hands with provided wet wipes
-Wear EMS gloves under work/structure gloves while working around equipment that was exposed (hose loading, tool cleaning, hose cleaning)
-Changing into clean clothes prior to leaving scene (each crew is recommended to carry a bag with a complete clean change of clothes on apparatus at all times)
-Bag and seal turnout gear prior to placing it back on the apparatus (outside of the cab if possible. IE: a compartment or the crow’s nest.)
-Wiping down any equipment with a soap and water solution prior to it
being put away (SCBA’s, TIC, hand tools, etc.)
202.08B
4/5
What are the responsibilities of Rehab sector?
- Medical assessment and/or treatment and /or transportation for injuries/illnesses.
- Revitalization-rest, hydration and refreshments.
- Initial stress support assessment.
- Reassignment determination.
202.08
2/5
