Commerce Flashcards
Test 1 Semester 2 (33 cards)
Citizenship
Citizenship is the status of a person recognized under the custom or law as being a legal member of a sovereign state or belonging to a nation. A person may have multiple citizenships.
Descent
If a relative or a descendant is related to you in some way, then you have the right to inherit their citizenship
Naturalization
When you come from another country, and complete the citizenship test, you are granted a passport.
Immigration
the action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country.
Responsibilities (duties)
Examples are:
- Defend your country if the need arises.
- behave in accordance with Australia’s democratic
- Respects the rights and liberties of Australia.
- Follow and obey the law.
- Vote in federal and state or territory elections, and in referenda.
- Serve on jury duty if summoned.
Rights (privileges)
Examples are:
- Right to vote
- Apply to work for the government
- Apply for an Australian passport
- Able to register children born overseas as Australian citizens by descent
Global citizens
Global citizenship is the idea that all people have rights and civic responsibilities that come with being a member of the world, with whole-world philosophy and sensibilities, rather than as a citizen of a particular nation or place.
Australian Federation
The Federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British self-governing colonies of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia, and Western Australia agreed to unite and form the Commonwealth of Australia, establishing a system of federalism in Australia.
Australian Constitution
A constitution is a set of rules by which a country or state is run. The Australian Constitution was drafted at a series of constitutional conventions held in the 1890s. It was passed by the British Parliament as part of the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 and took effect on 1 January 1901.
Referendum
a general vote by the electorate on a single political question which has been referred to them for a direct decision.
Legislative Powers
The authority under the constitution to make laws and to alter or repeal them.
Division of powers
The division of powers refers to the separation or allocation of law making powers to Commonwealth and the States determined at the time of federation . The division of powers incorporates four sections: Specific powers : These are law making powers that were given to the Commonwealth to make laws.
Different types of powers:
Representative democracy: Representative democracy is a type of democracy founded on the principle of elected officials representing a group of people, as opposed to direct democracy.
Constitutional monarchy: A monarchy which follows a constitution.
Parliamentary system: A system of government in which the power to make and execute laws is held by a parliament. Britain has a parliamentary system of government, one of the oldest in the world. The United States does not; its legislature, the Congress, passes the laws, and a separate part of government, the executive branch, carries them out.
Federal Monarchy: A federal monarchy is a federation of states with a single monarch as over-all head of the federation, but retaining different monarchs, or a non-monarchical system of government, in the various states joined to the federation.
3 Levels of government
Federal, State and local.
3 Levels of government responsibilities
Federal: Defence Trade Foreign affairs Immigration Postal, telephone and other communication services Lighthouses Quarantine Currency Bankruptcy Copyright Marriage and divorce
State: Law and order Schools Hospitals Water Transport Agriculture Forests.
Local:
building regulations, waste management, parks and gardens and dog control.
Legislative Assembly
The Victorian Legislative Assembly is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Victoria in Australia with 88 seats
Legislative Council
The Victorian Legislative Council is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of Victoria with 40 seats
Bi-cameral parliament
Parliaments are unicameral or bicameral. In a unicameral parliament all members of parliament sit in the same chamber and vote on major policy decisions. In a bicameral parliament members meet and vote in two separate chambers, usually called the lower house and upper house.
Federal parliament
The Parliament of Australia is the legislative branch of the government of Australia. It consists of three elements: the Crown, the Senate and the House of Representatives. Wikipedia Seats: 227 (151 MPs, 76 Senators)
House of Representatives
The House of Representatives is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Australia, the upper house being the Senate. Its composition and powers are established in Chapter I of the Constitution of Australia. Wikipedia
Seats: 151
Senate
The Senate is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of Australia, the lower house being the House of Representatives. The composition and powers of the Senate are established in Chapter I of the Constitution of Australia. Wikipedia
Seats: 76
The Westminster system
The system is a series of procedures for operating a legislature.
Government: purpose and formation
In Australia, the federal government is part of the federal Parliament. At an election, the party (or coalition of parties) with the support of the majority of members elected to the House of Representatives becomes the government.
Prime Minister (role)
Among other things, it administers (puts into action) laws in relation to defence, immigration, foreign affairs, trade, postal services and taxation. State/territory governments have the power to look after laws not covered by the federal government; for instance, hospitals, schools, police and housing services.
