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Commercial Test Prep > Commercial Test Prep > Flashcards

Commercial Test Prep Flashcards

1
Q

Why does Rotor Blade Coning occur, and what are the two major forces present?

A

It is due to the rotor blades beginning to lift the weight of the helicopter.

Two majors forces:

  • Centrifugal force acting outward and perpendicular to the rotor mast
  • Lifting force acting upward and parallel to the mast.
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2
Q

Types of clouds?

A

Cumuliform

  • Puffy, white, “cotton Ball”
  • formed in unstable air
  • produce showery precipitation

Stratiform

  • flat, evenly based clouds
  • formed in stable air
  • produce steady, cont. light rain
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3
Q

What is Turbulence?

A

Unstable movement of air or water

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4
Q

Explain how Convective Turbulence is generated?

A 
Sun heats the earth 
Earth heats air near surface
Warm air now rises
This warm air replaces colder air above
Cold air is forced to sink 
The results will be air currents rising & falling in the same area
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5
Q

What is Mechanical Turbulence?

A

Wind crossing Big objects

  • mtn. ridges
  • buildings
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6
Q

What is Wind Sheer?

A

Sudden Changes in wind direction

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7
Q

What is a Micro burst?

A

High Intensity of descending air

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8
Q

Explain Currency for a Commercial Pilot?

A

Far/Aim: 61.56 & 61.57

  • Flight review ever 24 calendar months
  • To carry passengers
    • Day:3 takeoffs & landings with in 90 days
    • Night: 3 takeoffs & landings with in 90 days
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9
Q

Required Documents For a Commercial Pilot?

A

Pilot Certificate
Class 2 medical
Government issued photo ID

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10
Q

Required Aircraft Documents?

A

Air worthiness Certificate
Registration
Operating Limitations
Weight & balance

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11
Q

Required Instruments & equipment?

A 
91.205 (B) Day
Compass
Altimeter
Manifold Pressure
Airspeed Indicator
Fuel Gauge 
Oil Temp.
Oil Pressure 
Tachometer
Seatbelt/shoulder harness
91.205 (C) Night
Position Lights
Anti-Collision Lights
Landing Light
Electrical Source
Spare Fuses
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12
Q

Commercial Pilot Privileges & Limitations?

A

61.133
A person who holds a commercial pilot certificate may act as PIC of an aircraft to carry persons or property for compensation or higher.

Operations that fall under 119.1

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13
Q

Various Types Of Anti-torque Systems?

A

Tail Rotor
Notar System “no tail rotor”
Fenestron “fantail”
Counter- Rotating main Rotor

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14
Q

What is IGE, and explain the aspects of IGE?

A

In-Ground Effect

  • usually occurs less than 1 blade diameter above the surface
  • Restricts the generation of blade tip vortices
  • Less power is needed for flight
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15
Q

What is Translational Lift?

A

Translational lift is present with any horizontal flow of air across the rotor.

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16
Q

What is OGE, and explain the aspects of OGE?

A

Out-Of-Ground Effect

  • Drag increases
  • More power is needed
  • More angle or attack is needed
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17
Q

Types of drag?

A 
Profile
-Frictional resistance of the blades
Induced
-Created by the user
Parasite
-Skids, main  pileon, lights, antenna, and so on..
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18
Q

What is Dissymmetry of Lift?

A

The difference in lift that exists between the advancing half or the rotor disk and the retreating half.

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19
Q

What are the Four Forces Acting on a Helicopter?

A

Weight
Lift
Thrust
Drag

20
Q

What is Wake Turbulence?

A

it is Created from the vortices of other aircraft

21
Q

Explain Class “A” Airspace?

A

18,000ft-60,000ft

  • 2 way radio
  • mode C transponder
  • IFR rated pilot
  • IFR ship
  • IFR flight plan
  • No weather minimum

Controlled by Center

22
Q

Explain Class “B” Airspace?

A

Surface to 10,000ft MSL by 30 miles

  • 2 way radio
  • mode C transponder
  • private pilot certificate

Basic VFR weather minimums

  • 3 statue miles
  • clear of clouds
23
Q

Explain Class “C” Airspace?

A

Surface to 4,000ft AGL by 10 miles

  • 2 way radio
  • mode C transponder
  • student pilot certificate

Basic VFR weather minimums

  • 3 statue miles
  • 500ft below
  • 1,000ft above
  • 2,000ft horizontal
24
Q

Explain Class “D” Airspace?

A

Surface to 2,500ft AGL by 4-5 miles

  • 2 way radio
  • student pilot Certificate

Basic VFR weather minimums

  • 3 statue miles
  • 500ft below
  • 1,000ft above
  • 2,000ft horizontal
25
Q

Explain Class “E” Airspace?

A

Surface-700ft-1,200ft AGL to 14,500ft MSL
-student pilot Certificate

Basic VFR weather minimums

  • 3 statue miles
  • 500ft below
  • 1,000ft above
  • 2,000ft horizontal
26
Q

Explain Class “G” Airspace?

A

Class G airspace (uncontrolled) is that portion of airspace that has not been designated as Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, or Class E airspace.

Basic VFR weather minimums

  • 1/2 statue mile
  • clear of clouds
27
Q

Explain Centrifugal Force?

A

The effects of inertia that arise in connection with rotation and which are experienced as an outward force away from the center of rotation

28
Q

What is ETL, and explain the aspects of ETL?

A

Effective Translational Lift

  • Most noticeable when airspeed reaches 15-5 knots
  • As you accelerate through the speed, the rotor moves out of its vortices, thus reducing drag.
29
Q

What is Corriolis Effect?

A

The tendency of a rotor blade to increase or decrease its velocity in its plane of rotation due to mass movement.

30
Q

Explain Induce Flow?

A

Anytime the helicopter is producing lift, it moves large masses of air vertically and down through the rotor system. This is known as downwash or Induced flow

31
Q

Define Airspace?

A

Is all open air from the ground to the edge of the atmosphere above a geographical area (i.e. USA)

32
Q

What is Load Factor?

A

The actual load on the rotor blades at anytime, divided by the normal load or gross weight

33
Q

What is the Axes of an Aircraft?

A
  • Pitch
  • Roll
  • Yaw
34
Q

Explain Settling With Power?

A

Settling with power is a condition of powered flight where the helicopter settles into its own downwash

Its also known as Vortex Ring State

35
Q

What is an Airfoil?

A

any surface designed to move through the air

36
Q

What is an Autorotation?

A

The state of flight where the main rotor system of a helicopter is being turned by the action of air moving up through the rotor, rather than engine power driving the rotor system

37
Q

What is Transverse Flow Effect?

A

The downward flow at the rear of the rotor disk causes a reduced angle of attack, resulting in a tendency for the helicopter to roll slightly to the right as it accelerates through approximately 20 knots.

38
Q

What is the Basic VFR Weather Minimums?

A

Class A-
Not Applicable

Class B-
3sm Clear of Clouds

Class C,D,E-
3sm
500ft below 1,000ft above 2,000ft Horizontal

Class G-
1/2sm Clear of Clouds

39
Q

What is Gyroscopic Precession?

A

A phenomenon that is occurring in a rotating body in which an applied force is manifested 90 degrees later in the plan of rotation.

This is also known as ‘Phase Lag’

40
Q

What is in Ground Effect?

A

Improved performance when operating near 1 rotor diameter off the ground. It is due to the interference of the surface with the airflow pattern of the rotor system.

41
Q

Major Components of a Helicopter?

A 
Cabin
Airframe
Landing gear
Power Plant
Transmission
Main Rotor System
Tail Rotor System
42
Q

What are the Types of Rotor Systems, explain the difference?

A

Fully Articulated-
Allowed to Flap, Feather, Lead & lag independently

Semi Rigid-
Allowed to flap & Feather

Rigid-
Allowed to Feather

43
Q

What is Blade Flapping, and explain how to pertains to Helicopters?

A

Blade Flapping is the up and down movement of a rotor blade, which, in conjunction with cyclic feathering, causes dissymmetry of lift to be eliminated

44
Q

What is Translating Tendency?

A

Translating Tendency is the tendency of the helicopter to drift in the direction of tail rotor thrust

45
Q

What Power Plant is in the S300 CBI?

A

Lycoming Horizontally Opposed

  • HIO-360-G1A
  • Four Cylinders
  • fuel injected
  • eight spark plugs

Horsepower- 180hp at 2700rpm

46
Q

Loss of Tail Rotor Effectiveness, What are the names of the three areas?

A

Is the result of the tail rotor not providing adequate thrust to maintain directional control

Three Areas
Main rotor disk interference- (285-315 degrees)
Weathercock stability- (120-240 degrees)
Trail rotor vortex ring state- (210-310 degrees)

47
Q

What do you check to make sure an aircraft is airworthy?

A 
Annual
Life limited parts due
Time before overhaul
Hourly inspection 
Airworthiness directive 
Transponder

Commercial Test Prep (1 decks)

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