Commissions and Constitutional Bodies Flashcards
(68 cards)
1
Q
Sarkaria Commission (1983)
A
- To review the workings of the Indian federal system and suggest improvements in Centre-State relations
- To address issues like governors’ discretionary powers and the use of Article 356.
2
Q
Nanavati-Mehta Commission (2002)
A
Probed into the 2002 Gujarat riots
3
Q
Liberhan Commission (1992)
A
Investigated the Babri Masjid demolition
4
Q
Mandal Commission (1979)
A
Recommended reservation for OBCs in government jobs and educational institutions.
5
Q
National Commission for Scheduled Castes (2004)
A
- Protects the interests of Scheduled Castes
- “SC” defined in Art. 366(24)
- NCSC provided in Article 338
- Article 341(1): President’s power to specify the castes, races or tribes to be included as SC (Governor Recommendation)
- Art. 341(2) parliament to make laws to include or exclude castes, races or tribes specified in 341(1)
- 65th Constitutional Amendment - provided for the NCSC
- 89th Constitutional Amendment - bifurcated Art. 338 and added 338A for STs
6
Q
Nanavati Commission (1984)
A
Investigated the 1984 anti-Sikh riots
7
Q
Kaka Kalelkar Commission (1955)
A
First commission to identify socially and educationally backward classes
8
Q
Fazl Ali Commission (1953)
A
Recommended the reorganization of states on a linguistic basis
9
Q
FIRST Administrative Reforms Commission (1966)
A
Morarji Desai Chairman
1. Evaluation of Government Machinery and Procedures
2. Improvement in Financial, Personnel, and Economic Administration
3. AddressingCentre-State Relations
10
Q
SECOND Administrative Reforms Commission (2005)
A
- Chairman - Veerappa Moily
- Recommendations:
1. Right to Information
2. Local Governance
3. Crisis Management
4. Ethics in Governance
5. Public Order
6. Capacity Building for Conflict Resolution
7. Combating Terrorism
11
Q
Kothari Commission (1964)
A
comprehensive recommendations for educational reforms
12
Q
National Commission for Women (1992)
A
- statutory body under theNational Commission for Women Act, 1990
- to protect and promote women’s rights in India
- Chairperson and every Member shall hold office for a period ofthree years
- while investigating, shall have all the powers of acivil court in respect of:
- summoning and enforcing attendance,
- discovery and production of documents,
- receiving evidence on affidavits,
- requisitioning public records
13
Q
Law Commission of India (1955)
A
- Executive body established by an order of the Government of India - advisory body to the Ministry of Law and Justice
- Reforms and codifies existing laws
- first law Commission established in 1834 under the Charter Act of 1833 under the Chairmanship of Lord Macaulay which recommended codification of the Penal Code and the Criminal Procedure Code
- Government of India established the First Law Commission of Independent India in 1955 with the then Attorney-General of India, Mr M. C. Setalvad
14
Q
Punchhi Commission (2007)
A
examined Centre-State relations and recommended solutions
15
Q
Kelkar Committee (2012)
A
Recommended defense procurement policy reforms.
16
Q
Malimath Committee (2000)
A
reforms in the criminal justice system
17
Q
Swaminathan Committee (2004-2006)
A
agrarian reforms and measures for agricultural productivity
18
Q
Justice Verma Committee (2013)
A
legal reforms regarding sexual assault and women’s safety
19
Q
Justice Srikrishna Commission (1992)
A
Studied the Bombay riots of 1992-93.
20
Q
Hota Committee (2004)
A
Proposals for civil services reforms
21
Q
Venkatachaliah Commission (2000)
A
aka National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution (NCRWC)
Study on the working of the Constitution of India
22
Q
Mehta Committee (1963)
A
Proposals for Panchayati Raj Institutions.
23
Q
L. M. Singhvi Committee (1986)
A
Strengthening the Panchayati Raj system with constitutional amendments.
24
Q
Balwant Rai Mehta Committee (1957)
A
democratic decentralization and establishment of a three-tier Panchayati Raj system
25
Narasimham Committee (1991, 1998)
**banking sector reforms**
26
Gadgil Committee (2011)
recommended measures for ecological preservation in the **Western Ghats**
27
Rangarajan Committee (2008)
Advised on the pricing and taxation of **petroleum products**
28
Kirit Parikh Committee (2013)
new policies for **petroleum product pricing**
29
Shanta Kumar Committee (2015)
Recommended restructuring of the **Food Corporation of India (FCI)**
30
TSR Subramanian Committee (2014)
To review the six **environment laws** in India:
1. Indian Forest Act 1927
2. Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972
3. Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974
4. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981
5. Forest Conservation Act 1980
6. Environment (Protection) Act 1986.
31
Vijay Kelkar Committee (2012)
Reviewed **fiscal consolidation** and suggested measures to curb fiscal deficit.
32
Bibek Debroy Committee (2016)
restructuring of the **Indian Railways**
33
Mashelkar Committee (2003)
Reviewed the framework governing **drug regulations** and suggested reforms.
34
P.J. Nayak Committee (2014)
Formed by RBI to give recommendations on improving the **governance of public sector banks** in India
35
Shah Commission (1977)
Investigated **excesses** during the **Emergency** period
36
Suresh Tendulkar Committee (2009)
Recommended methodologies for estimating **poverty**
37
Kasturirangan Committee (2012)
measures for the preservation of **Western Ghats**
38
Justice Ranganath Misra Commission (2004)
Conducted a study on **diversity** and presented recommendations for **minorities' reservations**.
39
Ashok Dalwai Committee (2016)
Formulated a strategy to **double farmers' income by 2022**.
40
Wadhwa Committee (2008)
investigated the **Public Distribution System (PDS)** in India.
41
Justice BN Srikrishna Committee (2017)
Recommended **data protection laws** to ensure individual privacy
42
Urjit Patel Committee (2013)
Recommended changes for **monetary policy framework** and inflation targeting.
43
Nachiket Mor Committee (2013)
Recommendations on comprehensive **financial services for small businesses** and **low-income households**.
44
High-Level Committee on CSR (2015)
Reviewed the **CSR framework** and suggested modifications to ensure better implementation.
45
Bibek Debroy Task Force (2017)
Explored **employment opportunities** through the formalization of the economy.
46
Satwant Reddy Committee (2009)
Assessed the regulatory framework for **drug registration**
47
Anil Kakodkar Committee (2010)
Recommended reforms for **higher education** in India.
48
Attorney General of India
Art. 76
Chief Legal Advisor to GOI
49
Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG)
Art. 148
Audits GOI and ensures financial accountability
50
Advocate General of the State (AGS)
Art. 165
Chief Legal advisor to State Government
51
GST Council
Art. 279A
Policies related to GST and ensures uniformity across states
101 Amendment Act, 2016
52
Finance Commission of India
* Art. **280**
* Recommends the **distribution of tax revenues** between Center and States
* Advises the **President**
53
Union and State Public Service Commissions (UPSC and SPSC)
* Art. **315-323** - Article **315** designates it as the recruitment agency for Union and state services, with Articles **316–323** defining its structure, powers, and functions
* UPSC consists of a **Chairman** and **ten members**, appointed by the **President**, who serve **six-year terms** or until age **65**
* SPSCs consist of a Chairman and members, with 6 year terms until **age 62**.
* Conduct exams for Union and State level civil services, advise Central and state govts on recruitment
54
Election Commission of India
* Art. 324
* Administering Free and Fair Elections
* **Chief Election Commissioner (CEC)** and **two** Election Commissioners, appointed by the **President of India**, with a tenure of **six years**, removable only through a strict process similar to that of a **Supreme Court judge**
55
National Commission for Scheduled Tribes
* Art. **338-A**
* **89th** Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003
* legal safeguards, complaints, **socio-economic planning**, securing **forest rights**, protecting resources, and addressing **land issues**, evaluates development, and recommends **welfare measures** for STs
56
National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC)
* **Art. 338B** - issues related to socially and economically backward classes
* **102nd Amendment**.
* It includes a **Chairperson, Vice-Chairperson, and three members** appointed by the **President**
* submits **reports to the President**, who **presents them in Parliament**
57
Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities
Art.**350B** - **Seventh Constitutional Amendment** Act of 1956 - works under the **Ministry of Minority Affairs**
To protect the rights of **linguistic minorities**, ensuring access to education
58
Lokpal and Lokayukta
* **Statutory bodies** under the Lokpal and Lokayukta Act, 2013 -
* **anti-corruption** ombudsman organization
* investigative body headed by the incumbent Chief Justice of India or a retired judge - **allegations of corruption against the Prime Minister, Ministers, Members of Parliament, Group A, B, C and D officers and officials of the central government**
* **Lokpal appointed by president** - consultation with CJI, Speaker and Chairman of RS -
- chairperson and up to eight members, half of whom will be judges
* **Lokayuktas Appointed by Governor** - consultation with CM
* **Anna Hazare** started a hunger strike on 5 April 2011
59
Reserve Bank of India (1935)
Statutory body under the RBI Act
Functions:
- Regulator and Supervisor of the Financial System,
- Manager of Foreign Exchange,
- Issuer of Currency,
- Development through priority sector lending for small-scale industries,
- banker to the government and other banks,
- managing government funds, remittances, and public debt,
- lender of last resort for banks
60
National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)
* **Statutory Body** under Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993
* civil court for judicial proceedings and can investigate human rights violations within one year of occurrence
* chairperson and **five members** (with at least one being a woman)
* Appointed by President on recommendations of a 6 member council headed by **PM**
* Tenure 3 years, 70 years age, eligible for reappointment.
* Salaries set by Central Govt.
61
National Green Tribunal (2010)
Statutory Body under National Green Tribunal Act, 2010
Swift disposal of disputes under the 6 enviro laws
62
Central Vigilance Commission
* recommendations of the **Santhanam Committee**, and was given statutory status by the **CVC Act, 2003**.
* not controlled by any Ministry/Department; responsible to Parliament
* Central Vigilance Commissioner (Chairperson) and not more than two Vigilance Commissioners (Members) - appointed by President, recommendations of a committee headed by PM
* Term- 4 years, 65 age
* Salary: similar to Chairman of UPSC
63
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)
* regulatory and statutory body established in 1982 under the Parliamentary act National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Act, 1981
* supervises Cooperative Banks and Regional Rural Banks (RRBs)
64
Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI)
autonomous statutory and regulatory body established under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
65
Income Tax Appellate Tribunal
quasi-judicial authority to file appeals against the orders of income tax authorities
66
Telecom Disputes Settlement & Appellate Tribunal (TDSAT)
adjudicating disputes within the telecom sector, encompasses broadcasting issues, matters related to airport tariffs and cyber issues
67
Central Information Commission (CIC)
final appellate authority for hearing complaints and appeals against decisions made by public authorities under the Right to Information Act, 2005
68
Central Administrative Tribunal
* Quasi Judicial Body created by the Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985
* recommendations from the Law Commission (1958) and the Administrative Reforms Commission (1969)
* under Article 323A of the Constitution of India
* to resolve grievances of central and state government employees regarding their service matters, providing a mechanism for speedy and effective justice
* Chairperson, Vice-Chairperson, and Members, appointed by the President of India - five-year term or age of 65
