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Infectious Diseases > Common Bacterial Pathogens > Flashcards

Common Bacterial Pathogens Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

Staphylcoccus

A

Gram (+)

Catalase (+)

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2
Q

S. Aureus

A

Gram (+)
Coagulase (+)
Staphylococcus

Causes:
Skin and soft tissue infection, Osteomyelitis, Pneumonia, Endocarditis, Septic arthritis, Bacteremia

Check if susceptible or resistant to Methicillin (MRSA)

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3
Q

S. Epidermidis

A

Gram (+)
Coagulase (-)
Staphylococcus

Normal to skin flora

Can cause clinical disease in immunocompromised hosts or those with prosthetic devices.

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4
Q

S. Saprophyticus

A

Gram (+)
Coagulase (-)
Staphylococcus

Found in urine cultures from urinary tract infections from sexually active women.

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5
Q

Streptococcus

A

Catalase (-)

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6
Q

α-hemolytic

A

Partial lysing fo RBCs

S. pneumoniae
S. viridans group

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7
Q

β-hemolytic

A

Complete lysing of RBCs

S. pyrogenes (Group A)
S. agalactiae (Group B)
Group C, F, G

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8
Q

γ-hemolytic

A

Non-hemolytic, inability to lyse RBCs

S. bovis (Group D)
Enterococcus (E. faecalis, E. faecium)

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9
Q

S. Pneumoniae

A

Gram (+)
α-hemolytic
Streptococcus

Virulence is encapsulated with polysaccharides (protected from phagocytosis)- basis for PPSV23 and PCV13

Causes: Pneumonia, Meningitis

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10
Q

S. viridans

A

Gram (+)
α-hemolytic
Streptococcus

Found in intestinal tract, oral cavity and upper respiratory tract.

Causes: Dental caries, tooth infections
Endocarditis and bacteremia (if it enters the bloodstream during dental procedures)

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11
Q

S. pyogenes

A

Gram (+)
β-hemolytic
Streptococcus
Lancefield Group A

Causes: Strep throat (streptococcal pharyngitis)
Skin infections (cellulitis, impetigo, necrotizing fasciitis
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12
Q

S. agalactiae

A

Gram (+)
β-hemolytic
Streptococcus
Lancefield Group B

Causes: Neonatal menignitis, pneumonia, sepsis (if transmitted during birth)

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13
Q

S. bovis

A

Gram (+)
γ-hemolytic
Streptococcus

found in an intestinal organism

Can cause: Sepsis (when found in blood), Endocarditis
Associated with colon cancer

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14
Q

E. faecalis

A

Gram (+)
γ-hemolytic
Enterococcus

Most common Enterococcus

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15
Q

E. faecium

A

Gram (+)
γ-hemolytic
Enterococcus

Associated with more antibiotic resistance, particularly to vancomycin

can be VRE (vancomycin resistant enterococcus)

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16
Q

Peptostreptococci

A

Gram (+)
Anaerobic

Normal flora of the mouth, upper respiratory tract, GI tract and female genital tract.

Involved in polymicrobial infections. Often causes foul smelling pus contained in an abscess.

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17
Q

C. diphtheriae

A

Gram (+) bacilli

Causes: diphtheria by releasing toxins.

Tdap vaccine has made diphtheria almost non existent.

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18
Q

Mycobacteria

A

Gram (+) bacilli

Causes: tuberculosis and leprosy

M. avium is associated with HIV (prophylaxis is utilized)

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19
Q

Cutibacterium acnes

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A

Gram (+) bacilli

common cause of acne, can also cause osteomyelitis in people with prosthetics (mostly in hip or shoulder.

20
Q

Lactobacillus spp.

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A

Gram (+) bacilli

Normal flora in the GI tract and vaginal tract.

21
Q

Streptomyces

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A

Gram (+) bacilli
Actinobacterium

Largest produces of antibiotics (Neomycin, Streptomycin, Chloramphenicol, Bleomycin)
Rarely causes disease in humans

22
Q

Clostridiodes difficile (C.diff)

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A

Gram (+)
Spore forming
Anaerobic

Causes: pseudomembranous colitis (diarrhea)
C. diff infection is a consequence of the overuse of broad spectrum antibiotics.

23
Q

Clostridium

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A

Gram (+)
Spore forming
Anaerobic

C. botulinum - causes botulism
C. tetani - causes tetanus (component of Tdap)
C. perfringens - causes gas gangrene.

24
Q

Enterobacteriaceae

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A

Gram (-) rods/bacilli (GNR)
Normal to the flora of the GI tract

PEK:
Proteus (P. mirabilis)
Escherichia (E. coli)
Klebsiella

Not normal:
Salmonella
Shigella

25
ESKAPE organisms
``` Enterococcus faceium S. aureus Klebsiella pneumoniae Acinetobacter baumannii Pseudomonas aeruginosa Enterobacter spp. ``` Infections often encountered in the hospital and community settings
26
Proteus (P. mirabilis)
Gram (-) GNR Enterobacteriaceae Normal flora to GI tract Causes: UTIs, bacteremia, pneumonia
27
Escherichia (E. coli)
Gram (-) GNR Enterobacteriaceae Normal GI flora Causes: urinary, biliary, GI or GU infections Can cause infections at certain locations: blood, prostate, lung, bone and meninges
28
Klebsiella
Gram (-) GNR Enterobacteriaceae Normal respiratory and GI tract flora (small %) KPC (Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase) causes resistant to most beta lactams Causes: Pneumonia, sepsis, UTIs, intra-abdominal infections
29
Salmonella
Gram (-) GNR Enterobacteriaceae Transmitted from animals to humans through fecal-oral route NOT considered normal flora Causes: diarrhea, Enteritis, enteric fever (typhoid fever), bacteremia.
30
Shigella
Gram (-) GNR Enterobacteriaceae infections are almost always limited to the GI tract. NOT considered normal flora Causes: diarrhea, affects the CNS
31
Non-Fermenting Gram Negative Bacilli
Gram (-) GNR Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA) Acinetobacter (A. baumanii)
32
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Gram (-) GNR Non-Fermenting Distinctive sweet smell Causes : BE PSEUDo: Burns, Endocarditis, Pneumonia, Sepsis, External otitis media, UTI, Diabetic osteomyelitis
33
Acinetobacter (A. baumanii)
Gram (-) GNR Non-Fermenting Multidrug resistant organism (MDRO) Resistant to carbapenems Causes: UTI, bacteremia, pneumonia, wound infection, infections of implantable devices (IV catheters)
34
Anaerobic Gram Negative Bacilli
Bacteroides Gram (-) GNR Normal to GI flora Abscess formation Below the diaphragm anaerobe
35
Bacteroides (B. fragilis)
Gram (-) GNR Anaerobic Causes: Intra-abdominal infections, wound infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, ovarian abscess, bacteremia
36
Gram negative Cocco-bacilli
Gram (-) Cocco-bacilli Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) Moraxella catarrhalis
37
H. Influenzae
Gram (-) Cocco-bacilli Found on mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract (common respiratory flora) Does NOT cause influenzae (virus) Causes: respiratory tract infections, otitis media, acute sinusitis Hib vaccine is given to prevent H. influenzae type b meningitis in children.
38
Moraxella
Gram (-) Cocco-bacilli Normal flora to the respiratory tract Causes: sinusitis, bronchitis, otitis media and pneumonia
39
Gram Negative Diplococci
Gram (-) Diplococci N. gonorrhoeae N. meningitidis
40
N. gonorrhoeae
Gram (-) Diplococci Sexually transmitted, infections occur in genitourinary tract, eye, rectum and throat
41
N. meningitidis
Gram (-) Diplococci Causes meningitis (after bloodstream infection) Spread through respiratory droplets 2 vaccines: meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine and meningococcal conjugate vaccine
42
Atypical bacteria
They do not grow on normal media or do not stain by normal gram stain methods Legionella pneumophilia Mycoplasma (M. pneumoniae) Chlamydia
43
Legionella pneumophilia
Gram (-) Aerobic Causes Legionnaires pneumonia (from inhaling contaminated water droplets) Also causes pneumonia and Pontiac Fever Legionella becomes intracellular (antibiotics must have adequate intracellular concentration)
44
Mycoplasma
Lacks a cell wall. Causes mild forms of respiratory infections (walking pneumonia). Occurs with significant lag time (2-3 weeks) Symptoms: fever, sore throat, malaise and dry hacking cough
45
Chlamydia
C. trachomatis causes the STD C. psittaci is carried by birds can cause pneumonia in humans C. pneumoniae causes community acquired pneumonia in young adults.

Infectious Diseases (6 decks)

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