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Common Bacterial Pathogens Flashcards

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1
Q

Staphylococcus aureus gram stain appearance

A

Gram-positive cocci in clusters

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2
Q

Staphylococcus aureus carriage location

A

Anterior nares and perineum

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3
Q

Carriage location is anterior nares and perineum

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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4
Q

Staphylococcus aureus cutaneous infection usually presents as

A

localized abscess

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5
Q

Staphylococcus aureus:

The enzyme ______ is an essential virulence factor that is associated with formation of the ______ capsule.

A

Coagulase … fibrin

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6
Q

_________ is the major cytotoxic agent released by S. aureus

A

Alpha-toxin

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7
Q

________ cutaneous infections are often associated with the presence of a foreign body.

A

S. aureus

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8
Q

_________ produced by some _________ are a class of antigen that cause non-specific activation of T-cells.

A

Superantigen toxins ….. S. aureus

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9
Q

SAgs are capable of activating up to 25% of the bodies __________.

A

T-cells

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10
Q

Toxic shock syndrome is caused by _______ producing _______

A

S. aureus …. SAgs

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11
Q

Toxic shock syndrome typically manifests in _______ individuals. Symptoms include:

A

healthy …..

high fever, low blood pressure, malaise and confusion, rash that looks like sun burn

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12
Q

Food poisoning can be caused by consuming ______ of S. aureus

A

preformed toxin

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13
Q

S. aureus causes ______ in immune impaired individuals

A

pneumonia

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14
Q

______ is one of the main contributors to endocarditis

A

S. aureus

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15
Q

S. aureus can be resistant to what antibiotics?

A

Penicillin, methicillin, vancomycin

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16
Q

Coagulase negative Staphylococcus; staph species, not aureus

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

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17
Q

______ is normal skin flora and relatively non-pathogenic; however when it is infectious it is associated with ________

A

S. epidermidis …. foreign bodies

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18
Q

Three most common organism for infective bacterial endocarditis

A

Staphylococcus aureus&raquo_space; Streptococci of the viridans group&raquo_space; coagulase negative Staphylococcus

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19
Q

______ produces a slime that allows it to adhere to implanted devices. Hard for drugs to get through the biofilm.

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

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20
Q

Steptococcus and relatives are gram ________ and catalase _______

A

Positive cocci in chains or pairs negative

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21
Q

Strep throat is caused by ______________

A

Streptococcus pyogenes, Group A Strep

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22
Q

M-protein found on _________ inhibits ___________

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

(inhibits) phagocytosis and killing by PMNs and enhances adherence to epithelial cells

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23
Q

Transmission of strep throat by ______________ is by ______________

A

Streptococcusd pyogenes….

contact with nasal secretions of an infected individual, or by droplets produced by coughing

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24
Q

Group A Strep (Streptococcus ________) is associated with what kind of skin infections

A

pyogenes … cutaneous and subcutaneous cellulitis

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25
Glomerulonephritis is an _________ which may follow infection by __________
Immune complex disease .... Group A Strep
26
Rheumatic fever may follow _____________
Group A Strep throat
27
Rheumatic fever is a ___________ that attacks the heart, joints and other tissues
autoimmune inflammatory disease
28
Streptococcus pneumoniae is gram ______ [shape] that is grouped in _________
Positive, cocci, pairs
29
Non-invasive streptococcus pneumoniae can cause _________, ________, _________, _________
Pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis
30
Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae can casue __________, ___________, ____________
meningitis, bacteremia/speticemia, pneumonia with speticemia
31
Pathogenesis is most closely related to ________
Ability to grow and evade host defenses
32
Vaccines for Streptococcus pneumoniae are for which type?
Invasive
33
Streptococcus pneumoniae resistance is towards
penicillin
34
What streptococcus is known for infective endocarditis
Viridans streptococci
35
Enterococcus faecalis and faecium are gram ______ [shape]
positive, cocci
36
Enterococcus faecalis and faecium common sites of infection are _________, ________, __________, _________
urinary tract, surgical wounds, biliary tract, endocarditis
37
VRE stands for
vancomycin-resistant enterococci
38
Enterococcus faecalis and faecium is most associated with what kind of transfer?
Patient to patient in a hospital
39
Clostridia are classified as | gram ________ [shape].
positive... rods
40
This bacteria is a strict anaerobe which can made endospores.
Clostridium
41
___________ is responsible for hospital epidemics of diarrhea
Clostridium difficile
42
Clostridium cause disease because
they release toxins that are damaging
43
_____________ is common in the soil and GI tract of animals and causes tetnus
Clostridium tetani | spastic paralysis
44
____________ grows in contaminated food under anaerobic conditions. It causes botulism.
Clostridium botulinum | flaccid paralysis
45
Clostridium __________ is found in wound infections and food poisoning.
perfringens
46
Escherichia coli is a gram ______ [shape]
negative rod
47
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram ________ [shape]
negative rod
48
Two properties of E. coli in GI disease are:
Adherence to the intestinal mucosa, toxins that disrupt the electrolyte balance
49
E. coli is associated with the following disease
GI tract, UTI, abdominal infecftions
50
UTI strains of E. coli are usually ____________
beta-hemolytic
51
E. coli abdominal infections are usually associated with ______________
a mixture of anaerobic bacteria to form anaerobic abscesses
52
Infections with ______ are especially common in burns and people who are immunocompromised.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
53
__________ is associated with chronic lung infection in cystic fibrosis patients.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
54
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is common in ____________ acquired infections.
hospital
55
Antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is because of....
its high intrinsic resistance
56
This is a gram-negative (diplo)cocci
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
57
Neisseria gonorrhoeae key to infectivity is the ______
pilus because it can switch between making different antigenic pili
58
Neisseria gonorrhoeae growth on mucosal surfaces results in
purulent discharge and local tissue invasion
59
Neisseria gonorrhoeae can cause ___________ in infants born to infected mothers.
conjunctivitis leading to blindness
60
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is resistnat to _________, _________, and ___________
penicillin, cephalosporins, fluroquinolone
61
More effective antibiotics for anaerobic bacteria are ________, less effective are ____________
metronidazole.... aminoglycosides
62
Bacteroides fragilis is best categorized as
endogenous anaerobic pathogen that is relatively areotolerant
63
________ and _________ are obligate intracellular bacteria
Rickettsia..... Chlamydia
64
Trachoma is ....
Chronic infection of conjunctiva by Chlamydia trachomatis which can lead to scarring and blindness
65
Chlamydia trachomatis in neonatal infections can cause
neonatal conjunctivitis and neonatal pneumonia
66
The two bacteria lacking cell walls are:
Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma
67
A common cause of pneumoniae especially in ages 5-20 is
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
68
Mycoplasma pneumoniae shape is_______ and is resistant to __________ and _______
highly pleomorphic ...... penicillins.... gram staining

Bacterial Pathogens (1 decks)

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