Common Causes of Paediatric Illness

Question 1

What are the common causes of developmental delay?

Answer 1

• Neglect
• Cerebral palsy / HIE
• Iron deficiency

Question 2

What are the common causes of learning difficulties?

Answer 2

• Hearing impairment
• Visual impairment
• Low IQ

Question 3

What are the common causes of poor social skills / repetitive behaviour?

Answer 3

• ASD

Question 4

What are the common causes of feeding problems, sleep disorder, excessive crying, aggressive behaviour and hyperactivity?

Answer 4

• Eating disorders - anorexia, bulimia
• Anxiety
• ADHD

Question 5

What are the common causes of chronic / unexplained symptoms?

Answer 5

• Somatisation

Question 6

What are the common causes of dysmorphism?

Answer 6

• Down’s
• Turner’s
• Noonan’s

Question 7

What are the common causes of neonatal collapse?

Answer 7

• Sepsis
• Congenital heart disease

Question 8

What are the common causes of neonatal jaundice?

Answer 8

• Physiological - worried parents
• Breast milk jaundice
• Sepsis
• Feeding difficulties

Question 9

What are the common causes of neonatal rashes?

Answer 9

• Nappy rash
• Milia - small, raised bump on the skin filled with keratin
• Erythema toxicum
• Mongolian blue spot - type of pigmented birthmark

Question 10

What are the common causes of neonatal jittery baby?

Answer 10

• Hypoglycaemia

Question 11

What are the common causes of neonatal seizures / abnormal neurology?

Answer 11

• Hypoglycaemia
• HIE

Question 12

What are the common causes of neonatal breathing difficulties?

Answer 12

• Transient tachypnoea of the newborn
• Sepsis
• Pneumonia

Question 13

What are the common causes of neonatal blue baby?

Answer 13

• Cyanotic CHD

Question 14

What are the common causes of neonatal feeding difficulties (>10% WL)?

Answer 14

• Inexperienced mother

Question 15

What are the common causes of childhood fever?

Answer 15

• URTI
• Viral chest infection
• Otitis media
• Pharyngitis
• Skin infection
• UTI
• Gastroenteritis

Question 16

What are the common causes of childhood breathing difficulties?

Answer 16

• Asthma / viral-induced wheeze
• Bronchiolitis / croup
• Pneumonia

Question 17

What are the common causes of childhood persistent cough?

Answer 17

• Bronchiolitis
• Asthma
• Pneumonia
• Sinusitis
• GORD
• Aspiration
• Post-nasal drip

Question 18

What are the common causes of childhood diarrhoea and vomiting?

Answer 18

• Gastroenteritis - including rotavirus
• Constipation with overflow
• Toddler diarrhoea
• Food poisoning

Question 19

What are the common causes of childhood abdominal pain?

Answer 19

• Mesenteric adenitis
• Chronic constipation
• Appendicitis
• UTI / pyelonephritis
• Somatisation

Question 20

What are the common causes of childhood rectal/perianal bleeding?

Answer 20

• Fissure in ano
• Enteric infection (CHESS)
• Intussusception

Question 21

What are the common causes of childhood rectal/perianal bleeding?

Answer 21

• Fissure in ano
• Enteric infection (CHESS)
• Intussusception

Question 22

What are the common causes of childhood headache?

Answer 22

• Tension
• Migraine
• Myopia / hypermetropia
• Post-ictal

Question 23

What are the common causes of childhood fits/faints?

Answer 23

• Febrile convulsion
• Vasovagal syncope
• Breath-holding attack
• Idiopathic epilepsy

Question 24

What are the common causes of childhood limp/joint pain?

Answer 24

• Reactive arthritis
• Trauma

Question 25

What are the common causes of childhood self-harm?

Answer 25

* Depression * Psychosocial issues * Eating disorders

Question 26

What are the common causes of childhood non-blanching rash?

Answer 26

* Minor trauma * Enterovirus * Raised SVC pressure * ITP * *Purpura fulminans due to meningococcal meningitis*

Question 27

What are the common causes of childhood skin lesions?

Answer 27

* Viral exanthema - VSV * Streptococcal or staphylococcal infection * Eczema * Acne * Newborn rash * Insect bites / scabies * Molluscum

Question 28

What are the common causes of childhood allergic reactions?

Answer 28

* Food allergy * Eczema * Allergic rhinitis

Question 29

What are the common causes of childhood ENT problems?

Answer 29

* Otitis media/externa * Conjunctivitis * Pharyngitis

Question 30

What are the common causes of childhood lumps?

Answer 30

* Lymphadenopathy * Bruising * Hernia

Question 31

What are the common causes of childhood urinary issues?

Answer 31

* UTI * Enuresis * DM

Question 32

What are the common causes of childhood persistent jaundice?

Answer 32

* Haemolysis * Gibert's

Question 33

What are the common causes of childhood pallor?

Answer 33

* Iron deficiency * Beta thlassaemia * Sickle cell disease

Question 34

What are the common causes of childhood atypical or persistent infection?

Answer 34

* Normal immunity * Immune deficiences

Question 35

What are the common causes of childhood obesity?

Answer 35

* Simple calorie excess * Simple exercise deficit * PWS * Leptin deficiency

Question 36

What are the common causes of childhood faltering growth?

Answer 36

* Calorie insufficiency * Neglect / abuse * Constitutional delay * DM

Question 37

What are the common causes of childhood abnormal puberty?

Answer 37

* Constitutional delay * Premature thelarche/adrenarche/menarche

Question 38

What are the common causes of childhood short stature?

Answer 38

* Familial * Constitutional delay * Chronic disease - IBD * Hypothyroidism * Down's * Malnutrition