Common conditions

Question 1

Large bowel diarrhea

Answer 1

*hematochezia, mucus, frequent small amt feces, scooting, appetite usually normal
Dewormer (fenbendazole, praziquantal, pyrantel pamoate)
* Probiotics
* Highly digestible combination diet with fiber and probiotics
* Fiber: psyllium (1-2 tbsp/day -dog, 1-2 tsp/day cats)
* Antibiotics: metronidazole 7-10 days (cause dysbiosis)
* Check fecal exam, bloodwork esp if appears systemically ill

Question 2

Hypertension

Question 3

Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (CIRDC)

Answer 3

• Typically self-limiting
• Air humidification (steam, nebulizer)
• Cough suppressants if non-productive
• Antibiotics often not needed - use when symptomatic for >10 days with no improvement, progression of clinical signs, radiographic pneumonia.
• Doxycyline antibiotic of choice, Clavamox: 7-10 day duration

Question 4

coughing cat

Question 5

Small bowel diarrhea

Answer 5

*weight loss, increased freq and amt feces. Lack of mucus and tenesmus, melena, steatorrhea (EPI), borborygmi, poor haircoat
*can be caused by hyperthyroidism in cats
*app stimulants (mirtazapine), antiemetic (maropitant), pre and probiotics
*if due to IBD, steroids may be needed (pred, cyclosporine)
*cobalamin supp if <400ng/L
*high digestible and altered fiber first then low fat, hydrolyzed diet
*deworm with fenbendazole, pyrantel/febantel/praziquantel

Question 6

Bacterial/yeast dermatitis

Question 7

KCS

Answer 7

*corneal vascularization, pigmentation, mucoid discharge, corneal ulceration
*STT: 10-15 mild, <5 severe
*topical cyclosporine or tacrolimus (stimulants) - take time to work
*lubricants important ‘til stimulants work (ophthavet)
*if ulcer: neopolybac, dex ok if fluorescein negative
*for O, warm compresses, eyelid hygiene

Question 8

Glaucoma

Answer 8

*IOP >20, blepharospasm, mydriasis, corneal edema, corneal neovasc, discharge
*if primary uveitis: cataracts, retinal detach, hyphema, keratic precipitates
*if secondary uveitis: topical carbonic anhydrase (dorzolamide) +/- beta blocker (timolol - treat other eye as well) **
*Latanoprost (prostaglandin analogue): 2-3x/day. For ER use, short lived effect. Do not use in uveitis
*therapy often short lived, enucleation may be needed.

Question 9

Diabetes

Question 10

Cushing’s disease

Question 11

Addisons disease

Question 12

FIP

Question 13

Uveitis

Answer 13

*reduced IOP (<10) but secondary glaucoma possible
*discharge, corneal vascularization, episcleral injection, miosis, chemosis, conjunctival hyperemia
*topical 0.1% dex or 1% prednisolone if fluorescein neg (6x/day, taper down)
*topical NSAID diclofenac - systemic effects
*topical atropine 3x/day- analgesic and mydriatic (not if glaucoma or low STT)

Question 14

Uncomplicated allergic reaction

Answer 14

0.5 mg/kg pred PO or
0.1mg/kg dexsp IM or IV
2mg/kg IM or 2-4 mg/kg po diphenhydramine

Discharge
Pred 0.5 mg/kg BID x3, SID x3, EOD x 3
Diphenhydramine 2mg/kg po BID to TID for 3-5 days

Question 15

Cats with Stomatitis

Answer 15

0.02 mg/kg transmucosal buprenorphine
Prednisolone
Cyclosporine if viral neg. 2.5mg/kg BID for long term management.

Question 16

Superficial pyoderma

Answer 16

Shampoo (clorhexidine, miconozole, tris EDTA): 2x/week, once a week for maintenance

Question 17

Atopic Dermatitis

Answer 17

Diet: hills derm complete, royal canin skin, Purina drm.
Shampoo: ceramides
Topicals: pyospot, dermoscent, atopivet.
Fatty acids:dermoquin, redonyl
Bio balm for crusted areas

Question 19

Feline atopic skin syndrome FASS

Answer 19

Prednisone 1-2 mg/kg q24
Goal is to limit frequency, EOD to 1-2 doses per week

Cyclosporine (atopica) 7mg/kg q24 for 4-8 weeks then taper

Apoquel off label 1mg/kg po q12-24

Allergen specific immunotherapy SC injections

Antihistamines chlorpheniramine 2-4mg/CAT q12-24
Cetirizine 5mg/CAT q24

Question 21

Fecal dysbiosis

Answer 21

Clostridium: gram + bacillus, spore forming
- metronidazole 10-15mg/kg q12 x5d
-can be present in nondiarrheic animal
-if >3 spores/hpf, can be indicative
-alcohol resistant

Salmonella: gram - bacillus, no spore
- can be found in healthy pets, esp when on raw diet
- acute dz
-no abx if uncomplicated
- if systemic ill, combo ampicillin + enro
- no abx if immunocomp owner
-zoonotic

Campylobacter: gram -, curved rods
- illness in juveniles more
-can be present in healthy pets
-abx only if systemic, hemorrhagic
-macrolides or fluoroquin (not in juvies)
-erythromycin 10-15mg/kg q8
-azithromycin 5-10mg/kg q24x5-21 days
-can be zoonotic

Ecoli: pleomorph gram- rods, no spores
-boxer, frenchie, bord collies
-enroflox 10mg/kg q8x8wks
-concern for resistance