Common Diagnoses Flashcards
(79 cards)
Pediatric Acute otitis media
amoxicillin (80-90kg/kg/day) bid for 7-10 days Next augmentin (90mg/kg/day), then cefdinir (14mg/kg/day) for 7-10 days
optimal therapy length
for children younger than 2 or with severe symptoms, a 10 day course is recommended;
a 7 day course may be adequate for children 2-5 years with mild or moderate symptoms
for children 6 years and older with mild to moderate symptoms, a 5-7 day course is adequate
Adult AOM treatment
Augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanate) 875/125mg bid for 7-10 days
or amoxicillin 500mg tid for 5-7 days or 875 mg bid
Adult AOM treatment with penicillin allergy
Cefdinir, 300 mg orally twice daily or 600 mg once daily.
Community-acquired pneumonia s/sx
more severe and came on very quickly with high fevers with pronounced consolidation (s.pneumoniae)
Atypical pneumonia s/sx
caused by a different organism not covered by amoxicillin-patient is not quite as sick, seems like a viral illness but they also have crackles and a cough; less obvious xray findings but may have some abnormalities
treatment of pediatrics CAP
amoxicillin 90mg/kg/day tid for 7-10 days
cefdinir or clindamycin may be used as an alternative for penicillin allergy
treatment of atypical pneumonia in pediatrics
azithromycin 10mg/kg day one, then 5mg.kg for days 2-5
Treatment of CAP in adults
(macrolides) azithromycin 500mg day 1 then 250mg day 2-5
doxycycline (tetracycline) 100mg bid for 7-10 days
Z-PAK (azithromycin) has who type of properties?
anti-inflammatory effects which make people feel better, even if their illness is viral and the abx isn’t treating the virus
Treatment for bacterial vaginosis
metronidazole 500mg bid for 7 days
If treating with metronidazole, what do you need to educate your patient about?
No alcohol until 48 hours after last dose
Other BV treatments
metronidazole gel 0.75%, one full applicator (5g) intravaginally once daily for 5 days
Clindamycin cream 2% one full applicator (5g) intravaginally at bedtime for 7 days
How do you diagnose BV
wet prep, UA, PCR testing-PCR is more definitive than wet prep
How quickly do you need to look at trichomonas on the slide?
within 15 minutes or it will be missed
S/Sx of BV
thin, gray, foul, distinct fishy odor
s/sx of yeast infection
irritated vulvar area, thick, white discharge
If a patient presents to the clinic for BV, should you treat it?
yes-usually doesn’t get better on its own and the patient is very uncomfortable with it. Especially if pregnant or symptomatic
UTI treatment in women
nitrofurantoin 100mg bid for 5 days or TMP/SMX (bactrim) 160/800mg double strength bid for 3 days
UTI treatment in men
ciprofloxacin 1000mg daily or 500mg bid for 14 days
Pediatric (2-24months) UTI treatment
TMP/SMX 8-12 mg/kg trimethoprim component BID for 7-10 days (<5 year old) or 3-5 days if > than 5 years old
augmentin 25mg/kg/day bid for 7-14 days
or cephalexin 50mg/kg/day bid for 7-14 days
UTI treatment in pregnancy
cephalexin 250-500mg QID for 7 days or nitrofurantoin (macrobid) 100mg QID for 7 days
Macrobid should be avoided in patients with?
renal failure or if concerns for pyelonephritis as it will not work in the renals (fever, CVA tenderness, chills, body aches)
Bactrim failure is what percent with e coli?
20%
