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HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASE > COMMON DISEASES IN HUMANS > Flashcards

COMMON DISEASES IN HUMANS Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Disease causing organisms are called ____________

A

pathogens

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2
Q

All ________ are pathogens as they cause harm to host by living in(or on) them

A

parasites

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3
Q

The pathogens that enter the gut must know a way of ____________

A

suriviving in the stomach at low pH and resisting various digestive enzymes

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4
Q

Salmonella typhi is a pathogenic ________ which causes typhoid fever in human beings

A

bacterium

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5
Q

Typhoid pathogens enter ________ through _________________

A

small intestine , food and water contaminated with them

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6
Q

List the common symptoms of typhoid

6

A

Sustained high fever(39 to 40 C)
Loss of apppetite
Weakness
stomach pain
constipation
headache

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7
Q

In severe cases of typhoid, ________ and ________ may occur

A

Intestinal perforation , death

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8
Q

Typhoid fever could be confirmed by ____________

A

Widal test

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9
Q

____________ was a cook and was a typhoid carrier who spread typhoid through the food she prepared

A

Mary Mallon(Typhoid Mary)

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10
Q

Bacteria like streptococcus pneumoniae and ____________ are responsible for disease pneumonia

A

Haemophilus influenza

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11
Q

Pneumonia infects ___________

A

alveoli of the lungs

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12
Q

As a result of pneumonia, ___________

A

alveoli get filled with fluid leading to severe problems in respiration

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13
Q

Symptoms of pneumonia

4

A

Fever,chills, cough and headache

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14
Q

In severe cases of Pneumonia, ________ and ________ may turn ____________ in colour

A

lips, finger nails, gray to bluish

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15
Q

A healthy person acquires penumonia by ________________(2)

A

inhaling the droplets/aerosols released by an infected person ,
sharing glasses and utensils with an infected person

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16
Q

____________ are some of the other bacterial diseases in man

3

A

Dysentry, plague, diphtheria

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17
Q

____________ cause one of the most infectious human ailments - the common cold

A

Rhino viruses

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18
Q

Rhino viruses infect ____________ but not the lungs

A

nose and respiratory passage

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19
Q

Common cold symptoms

6

A

Nasal congestion and discharge, cough, tiredness, headache, hoarseness, sore throat

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20
Q

Common cold usually lasts for _________

A

3-7 days

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21
Q

How is common cold transmitted?

2

A

Droplets resulting from cough or sneezes of an infected person inhaled directly,
contaminated objects such as pens, books, cups, doorknobs, computer keyboard or mouse

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22
Q

____________ is responsible for the disease malaria

A

Plasmodium (protozoan)

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23
Q

List 3 species of Plasmodium responsible for different types of malaria

A

P.vivax, P.malaria, P.falciparum

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24
Q

____________ caused by ________ is the most serious malarial disease and can even be fatal

A

Malignant malaria, P.falciparum

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25
Plasmodium enters the human body as ____________ through the bite of infected female _______________
Sporozoites(infectious form), Anopheles mosquito
26
The parasites of plasmodium initially multiply within ________ and then attack ________ resulting in their rupture
liver cells, red blood cells(RBCs)
27
The rupture of RBC is associated with ____________ which is responsible for chill and high fever recurring every 3 to 4 days
release of a toxic substance, haemozoin
28
When a female Anopheles mosquito bites an infected person, parasites enter ________________ and undergo further development
mosquito's body
29
The parasites multiply within mosquito's body to form ________ that are stored in _______
soprozoites, their salivary glands
30
Malarial parasite require one host - human to complete their life cycle | True/false
False | 2 hosts - human and mosquitos
31
The female Anopheles mosquito is ____ of malarial parasite
vector(transmitting agent)
32
Malarial parasites/sporozoites reproduce asexually in liver cells, RBCs bursting them | True/false
True
33
Bursting the RBCs causes cycles of ____ and other symptoms
fever
34
________ of sporozoites develop in the RBCs
Sexual stages(gametocytes)
35
Female mosquito takes up gametocytes with ________
blood meal
36
Fertilisation of gametocytes and development takes place in mosquito's __________
gut
37
Mature infective stages(________) escape from gut and migrate to mosquito salivary glands
sporozoites
38
Entamoeba histolytica is a ________ parasite in the large intestine of human which causes _____________
protozoan, amoebiasis(amoebic dysentry)
39
Symptoms of amoebiasis | 5
constipation , abdominal pain, cramps, stools with excess mucous and blood clots
40
To transmit amoebiasis, ____ act as mechanical carriers and transmit parasite from faeces of infected person to food and food products
Houseflies
41
Drinking water and food contaminated by faecal matter are main source of infection by ____________
Amoebiasis
42
____________ and ________ are some of the helminths which are known to be pathogenic to man
Ascaris, common round worm ; Wuchereria, filarial worm
43
Ascaris, a liver parasite causes ascariasis | True/false
False | Intestinal parasite
44
The eggs of the ascaris parasite are excreted along with the faeces of infected persons | True/false
True
45
A healthy person can acquire amoebiasis through ___________ | 3
contaminated water, vegetables, fruits
46
Wuchereria( ____ and ____) , the filarial worms cause a slowly developing chronic inflammation of the organs in which they live
W. brancofti and W.malayi
47
Where do filarial worms usually attack?
Lymphatic vessels of lower limbs
48
Disease caused by filarial worms is called ___________
Elephantiasis/filariasis
49
Due to elephantiasis, the genital organs are never affected, causing no deformities in them | True/false
False | Often affected, gross deformities
50
Pathogens of elephantiasis are transmitted to healthy person through _______________
bite of female mosquito vectors
51
Many fungi belonging to genera ____________(3) are responsible for ringworms which is one of the most rare/common infectious diseases in man
Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton; Common
52
Symptoms of ringworms | 1
Appearance of dry, scaly lesions on various parts of the body such as skin, nails and scalp
53
Lesions are accompanied by slight itching | True/false
False | Intense itching
54
Heat and moisture help these fungi to grow, which makes them thrive in skin folds such as ________ or __________
groin, between toes
55
Ringworms are acquired from ________(2)
soil; by using towels, clothes or even the comb of infected individuals
56
Measures for personal hygiene include ____________ (2)
keeping body clean, consumption of clean drinking water, food, vegetables, fruits, etc.
57
Public hygiene includes ________________(3)
Proper disposal of waste and excreta; periodic cleaning and disinfection of water reservoirs, pools, cesspools and tanks; observing standard practices off hygiene in public catering
58
Measures of public, personal hygiene are particularly essential where the infectious agents are transmitted through food and water such as ________________ | 3
amoebiasis, typhoid, ascariasis
59
In cases of air-borne diseases like ________ and ________ , contact with infected persons or their belongings should be avoided
pneumonia, common cold
60
In case of diseases such as malaria and filariasis which are transmitted through insect vectors, the most imp. measure is _____________
to control or eliminate the vectors and their breeding places
61
Elimination of vectors can be achieved by ____________ (6)
Avoiding stagnation of water , regular cleaning of household coolers, use of mosquito nets, introducing fishes like Gambusia in ponds that feed on mosquito larvae, spraying of insecticides in ditches, drainage areas and swamps, doors and windows provided with wire mesh to prevent entry of mosquitoes
62
There have been recent widespread incidences of the vector-borne ( ________ mosquitoes ) diseases like ________ and ________ in many parts of India
Aedes, dengue, chikungunya
63
________ disease has been completely eradicated using vaccines and immunisation
Smallpox
64
Other infectious diseases like ____________(4) have been controlled to a large extent by the use of vaccines
Polio, diphtheria, pneumonia, tetanus
65
Biotechnology is at the verge of _____________
Making available safer and newer vaccines
66
Discovery of ________ and other drugs has enabled us to effectively treat infectious diseases
Antibiotics

HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASE (3 decks)

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