common diseases of the body systems

Question 1

Bacteria (typically Streptococcus or Staphylococcus) enters the skin through cuts or abrasions and causes infection of connective tissue with severe inflammation of the skin.

Answer 1

cellulitis etiology

Question 2

Allergic reaction to a specific allergen leading to inflammation of a region of the skin

Answer 2

dermatitis etiology

Question 3

Believed to be caused by hereditary and environmental factors leading to inflammatory skin disease

Answer 3

eczema etiology

Question 4

Damage to DNA of basal cells caused by ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure from the sun and tanning beds

Answer 4

Skin cancer: basal cell etiology

Question 5

Excessive exposure to UVB rays

Answer 5

Skin cancer: melanoma etiology

Question 6

The joint being pushed outside of its normal range of motion, leading to joint and ligament damage

Answer 6

sprain etiology

Question 7

Many factors including malnutrition, inadequate calcium intake/absorption, endocrine disorders, immobilization and lack of exercise, and aging can lead to bone loss, making bone weaker and more prone to fracture.

Answer 7

osteoporosis etiology

Question 8

Degeneration (breakdown) of articular cartilage and changes in the synovial membrane

Answer 8

osteoarthritis etiology

Question 9

Autoimmune disorder leading to changes in the connective tissues of the body, especially the joints

Answer 9

rheumatoid arthritis etiology

Question 10

Excessive accumulation of uric acid in a joint, forming needle-like crystals in the joint

Answer 10

gout etiology

Question 11

Most common cause is blood loss.

Dysfunction in the creation of hemoglobin

Excessive destruction of red blood cells

Answer 11

anemia etiology

Question 11

Hardening of the arteries due to fatty deposits causing narrowing of vessels potentially due to high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, and other diseases

Answer 11

arteriosclerosis etiology

Question 12

The heart’s decreased ability to pump adequately due to coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, cardiomyopathy, valvular disease, or heart defects

Answer 12

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) etiology

Question 13

An absence of clotting factors in the blood as the result of a genetic defect

Answer 13

hemophilia etiology

Question 14

Genetics, smoking, obesity, stress, too much salt intake

Answer 14

hypertension etiology

Question 15

Cardiac muscle becomes ischemic and dies, typically due to occlusion of the cardiac muscle because of atherosclerosis of the coronary artery.

Answer 15

myocardial infarction (MI or heart attack) etiology

Question 16

Direct damage to the kidneys or other causes leading to a sudden change where the kidneys can no longer filter blood effectively, leading to dangerous levels of toxic waste in the body

Answer 16

acute renal failure etiology

Question 17

Chronic and progressive disease in which the kidneys cannot adequately filter blood due to many potential factors including diabetes, high blood pressure and glomerulonephritis

Answer 17

chronic renal failure etiology

Question 18

Hard crystalline deposits forming in the urine due to abnormally high levels of certain substances in the body

Answer 18

renal calculi (kidney stone) etiology

Question 19

Loss of bladder control leading to leakage of urine, sometimes triggered by coughing, lifting, or sneezing

Answer 19

urinary incontinence etiology

Question 20

Infection in the urinary system most commonly caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli)

Answer 20

urinary tract infection etiology

Question 21

Inflammation in the appendix due to blockage of the opening to the appendix, leading to rapidly multiplying bacteria in the appendix

Answer 21

appendicitis etiology

Question 22

Immune response triggered by gluten leading to damage of the small intestine and an inability to absorb nutrients

Answer 22

celiac disease etiology

Question 23

Cancer of the colon

Risk factors are a high-fat diet, family history, and inflammatory bowel disease.

Answer 23

colorectal cancer etiology

Question 24

Pouchlike herniations through the muscular wall of the colon caused by high pressure inside the colon pressing against weak areas of the colon wall

Answer 24

diverticulosis etiology

Question 25

Lower esophageal sphincter muscle disfunction leading to stomach contents leaking back up the esophagus

Answer 25

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) etiology

Question 26

Fluid buildup in the alveoli blocks oxygen from passing into the bloodstream following an acute injury, typically in those who are already critically ill or have had previous traumatic injuries.

Answer 26

Acute respiratory distress (ARDS) etiology

Question 27

Airway inflammation causes lining of air passages to swell and tighten, leading to a reduction in the amount of air that can pass into and out of the lungs.

Answer 27

asthma etiology

Question 28

Acute: Caused by viral illnesses such as colds and flu Chronic: Caused by smoking

Answer 28

bronchitis etiology

Question 29

Disease in which airflow into and out of the lungs is blocked, usually due to a combination of bronchitis and emphysema Primary cause is smoking.

Answer 29

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) etiology

Question 30

Irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane in the nose, along with excessive production of mucus Allergic rhinitis is triggered by allergens in the air.

Answer 30

rhinitis etiology

Question 31

Most common form of progressive dementia caused by progressive destruction on brain cells

Answer 31

Alzheimer's disease etiology

Question 32

Caused by traumatic injury to the brain

Answer 32

concussion etiology

Question 33

Occurs from compression of the sciatic nerve, typically due to a herniated disc, bone spur, or tumor

Answer 33

sciatica etiology

Question 34

Caused by a decrease in blood supply to the brain or a rupture of a blood vessel in the brain

Answer 34

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA; stroke) etiology

Question 35

Caused by the varicella zoster virus (also causes chicken pox) The virus can lie dormant for years following an infection of chicken pox.

Answer 35

shingles etiology

Question 36

Most often caused by overuse of oral corticosteroid medications Can also be caused by hypersecretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex

Answer 36

Cushing disease etiology

Question 37

Chronic condition caused by lack of insulin production This is a genetic, autoimmune condition that often develops in childhood and is commonly known as juvenile diabetes.

Answer 37

type 1 diabetes mellitus

Question 38

Chronic condition caused by insulin resistance, due to a mix of genetics, obesity, and lifestyle choices Typically begins in adulthood but is being seen more often in adolescents

Answer 38

type 2 diabetes mellitus etiology

Question 39

Overproduction of the thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland

Answer 39

hyperthyroidism etiology

Question 40

Underproduction of the thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland

Answer 40

hypothyroidism etiology

Question 41

Caused by malfunction in the body’s immune system that disrupts normal thyroid regulation, resulting in hyperthyroidism

Answer 41

graves' disease etiology

Question 42

Overgrowth of the fungal micro-organism Candida albicans

Answer 42

candidiasis etiology

Question 43

Zygote implantation in an area other than the uterine wall, most commonly in the uterine tubes

Answer 43

ectopic pregnancy etiology

Question 44

Occurs when pieces of endometrial tissue grow outside of the uterine lining, typically on the ovaries, intestines, or pelvic wall

Answer 44

endometriosis etiology

Question 45

Caused by the herpes simplex virus spread through sexual contact

Answer 45

genital herpes etiology

Question 46

A portion of the intestines protrudes thought a weak point of the abdominal wall.

Answer 46

inguinal hernia etiology

Question 47

Some cases are unknown, others may be due to structural abnormalities, or there may be a mechanical problem.

Answer 47

cryptorchidism etiology

Question 48

Some causes are unknown. Some patients are born with no tissue holding the testes to the scrotum.

Answer 48

testicular torsion etiology

Question 49

Causes are unknown but are believed to be linked to hormonal changes

Answer 49

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) etiology