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Anatomy > Common Disorders of the Cardiovascular & Lymphatic Systems > Flashcards

Common Disorders of the Cardiovascular & Lymphatic Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Inability of red blood cells to deliver enough oxygen to tissues producing symptoms of fatigue

A

Anemia

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2
Q

Weakening & widening of an artery wall; Tendency to rupture & form clots; often occur in aorta or arteries of the brain

A

Aneurysm

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3
Q

Transient chest pain during exertion caused by ischemic cardiac muscle; The amount of oxygen supplied to the heart declines

A

Angina Pectoris

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4
Q

Abnormal heart rate; irregular heart rhythm

Bradycardia – slow heart rate, <60 BPM
Tachycardia – fast heart rate, >100 BPM

A

Arrhythmia

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5
Q

Hardening of the arteries; can lead to coronary artery disease

A

Arteriosclerosis

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6
Q

Most common type of arteriosclerosis when deposits from cholesterol in the blood build up at stress points (where arteries branch) in the arteries

A

Atherosclerosis

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7
Q

Failure of the left side of the heart to pump effectively, resulting in congestion in the systemic & pulmonary circulatory systems

A

Congestive Heart Failure

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8
Q

Blood clot (thrombus), plaque, air or gas, fat, tumor cells, tissue, or clumps of bacteria in the bloodstream

A

Embolus

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9
Q

Abnormal heart sounds (clicking or swishing) caused by disorders of the valves (leaky valve)

A

Heart Murmurs

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10
Q

Inability to form blood clots to control bleeding

A

Hemophilia

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11
Q

Sustained elevation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (>140/90)
Asymptomatic until complications (heart failure, atherosclerosis, stroke, and retinal & kidney disease) develop
Heart can become enlarged due to the increased work

A

Hypertension
a.k.a. High Blood Pressure

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12
Q

Death of cardiac muscle cells from ischemia (infarct – dead tissue) with crushing pain

A

Myocardial Infarction
a.k.a. Heart Attack

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13
Q

Affects the blood supply to the fingers and toes and occasionally to the nose.
Temporary spasms in the small arteries reduce or stop blood flow to the area, and the skin turns pale and then blue. Also aggravated by emotional disturbances.

A

Raynaud Disease
a.k.a. Raynaud phenomenon, “white finger disease”

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14
Q

Cardiac damage from inflammatory response to a bacterial infection

A

Rheumatic Heart Disease

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15
Q

Blood vessels dilate rapidly and blood pressure drops

A

Shock

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16
Q

Shock due to loss of blood or other fluids

A

Hypovolemic shock

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17
Q

Shock due to bacterial infection

A

Septic shock (aka toxic shock syndrome)

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18
Q

Shock due to an overreaction of the immune system due to an allergy

A

Anaphylactic shock

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19
Q

Premature destruction of red blood cells resulting in the sickle shape causing them to not flow smoothly and clot
Genetic

A

Sickle Cell Disease

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20
Q

A clot in a vein with inflammation

A

Thrombophlebitis

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21
Q

Clotting in an unbroken vessel
Deep Vein Thrombosis (usually occurs in abdomen or legs)
Embolus: if it breaks loose

A

Thrombosis

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22
Q

Weakening & widening of vein wall due to backward pressure of blood when valves weaken, with a tendency for clots; abnormal & irregular dilations in superficial veins, particularly in lower legs; varicose veins in the rectum are called hemorrhoids (a.k.a. piles)

A

Varicose Veins
a.k.a. Varicosity

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23
Q

Hypersensitivity to normally harmless environmental substances with formation of an antigen that can lead to an inflammatory response

A

Allergy

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24
Q

Presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid in the interstitial tissue spaces

A

Edema

25
Q

Inflammation of the liver; Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to fibrosis or cirrhosis

A

Hepatitis

26
Q

Oncogenic & lymphotropic (see below in related topics); virus replicates in T-cells and macrophages

A

HIV/AIDS

27
Q

Uncontrolled production of abnormal WBCs; these cells accumulate in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, & liver to that these organs do not function properly

A

Leukemia

28
Q

Indentations that remain for a time after pressure is released

A

Pitting Edema

29
Q

no oxygen

A

Anoxia

30
Q

leading cause of death in U.S. (40%)

Don’ts – Smoke, Use Stimulants, Abuse Alcohol, Be More Than 20% Over Your Ideal Body Weight Do’s – Eat Healthy (especially foods rich in antioxidant vitamins A, E & C), Exercise, & Have Proper Dental Care (periodontal disease can lead to atherosclerosis)

A

Cardiovascular Disease

31
Q

vomiting blood

A

Hematemesis

32
Q

blood in urine

A

Hematuria

33
Q

passage of blood outside cardiovascular system

A

Hemorrhage

34
Q

oxygen deficiency

A

Hypoxia

35
Q

temporary lack of blood flow

A

Ischemia

36
Q

high WBC count (>10,000 per cubic millimeter); certain illness will cause this (ex. appendicitis & bacterial infections)

A

Leukocytosis

37
Q

low WBC count (<5,000 per cubic millimeter); certain viruses will cause this (ex. Influenza, measles, & mumps)

A

Leukopenia

38
Q

having an affinity for lymphocytes

A

Lymphotropic

39
Q

tissue death

A

Necrosis

40
Q

blocking or closing of a blood vessel or hollow organ

A

Occlusion

41
Q

causes transient chest & arm pain of angina pectoris

A

Partial occlusion

42
Q

crushing or squeezing pain of myocardial infarction & tissue death

A

Total occlusion

43
Q

a gene that causes a host cell to become cancerous

A

Oncogenic

44
Q

a disorder in which an excessive number of RBCs makes the blood so thick that it is unable to flow properly & there is an increased risk of clot formation

A

Polycythemia

45
Q

decrease in platelets

A

Thrombocytopenia

46
Q

narrowing

A

Stenosis

47
Q

thickness

A

Viscosity

48
Q

inflammation of endocardium, heart valves, or both

A

Endocarditis

49
Q

inflammation of the heart muscle

A

Myocarditis

50
Q

inflammation of the pericardium

A

Pericarditis

51
Q

inflammation of a vein

A

Phlebitis

52
Q

blood clot in a vein with inflammation

A

Thrombophlebitis

53
Q

slow heartbeat

A

Bradycardia

54
Q

fast heartbeat

A

Tachycardia

55
Q

upper blood pressure number

A

Systolic/ Systole

56
Q

lower blood pressure number

A

Diastolic/ Diastole

57
Q

increases urine output

A

Diuretic

58
Q

induces vomiting

A

Emetic

Anatomy (21 decks)

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