Common Disorders of the Cardiovascular & Lymphatic Systems

Question 1

Inability of red blood cells to deliver enough oxygen to tissues producing symptoms of fatigue

Answer 1

Anemia

Question 2

Weakening & widening of an artery wall; Tendency to rupture & form clots; often occur in aorta or arteries of the brain

Answer 2

Aneurysm

Question 3

Transient chest pain during exertion caused by ischemic cardiac muscle; The amount of oxygen supplied to the heart declines

Answer 3

Angina Pectoris

Question 4

Abnormal heart rate; irregular heart rhythm

Bradycardia – slow heart rate, <60 BPM
Tachycardia – fast heart rate, >100 BPM

Answer 4

Arrhythmia

Question 5

Hardening of the arteries; can lead to coronary artery disease

Answer 5

Arteriosclerosis

Question 6

Most common type of arteriosclerosis when deposits from cholesterol in the blood build up at stress points (where arteries branch) in the arteries

Answer 6

Atherosclerosis

Question 7

Failure of the left side of the heart to pump effectively, resulting in congestion in the systemic & pulmonary circulatory systems

Answer 7

Congestive Heart Failure

Question 8

Blood clot (thrombus), plaque, air or gas, fat, tumor cells, tissue, or clumps of bacteria in the bloodstream

Answer 8

Embolus

Question 9

Abnormal heart sounds (clicking or swishing) caused by disorders of the valves (leaky valve)

Answer 9

Heart Murmurs

Question 10

Inability to form blood clots to control bleeding

Answer 10

Hemophilia

Question 11

Sustained elevation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (>140/90)
Asymptomatic until complications (heart failure, atherosclerosis, stroke, and retinal & kidney disease) develop
Heart can become enlarged due to the increased work

Answer 11

Hypertension
a.k.a. High Blood Pressure

Question 12

Death of cardiac muscle cells from ischemia (infarct – dead tissue) with crushing pain

Answer 12

Myocardial Infarction
a.k.a. Heart Attack

Question 13

Affects the blood supply to the fingers and toes and occasionally to the nose.
Temporary spasms in the small arteries reduce or stop blood flow to the area, and the skin turns pale and then blue. Also aggravated by emotional disturbances.

Answer 13

Raynaud Disease
a.k.a. Raynaud phenomenon, “white finger disease”

Question 14

Cardiac damage from inflammatory response to a bacterial infection

Answer 14

Rheumatic Heart Disease

Question 15

Blood vessels dilate rapidly and blood pressure drops

Answer 15

Shock

Question 16

Shock due to loss of blood or other fluids

Answer 16

Hypovolemic shock

Question 17

Shock due to bacterial infection

Answer 17

Septic shock (aka toxic shock syndrome)

Question 18

Shock due to an overreaction of the immune system due to an allergy

Answer 18

Anaphylactic shock

Question 19

Premature destruction of red blood cells resulting in the sickle shape causing them to not flow smoothly and clot
Genetic

Answer 19

Sickle Cell Disease

Question 20

A clot in a vein with inflammation

Answer 20

Thrombophlebitis

Question 21

Clotting in an unbroken vessel
Deep Vein Thrombosis (usually occurs in abdomen or legs)
Embolus: if it breaks loose

Answer 21

Thrombosis

Question 22

Weakening & widening of vein wall due to backward pressure of blood when valves weaken, with a tendency for clots; abnormal & irregular dilations in superficial veins, particularly in lower legs; varicose veins in the rectum are called hemorrhoids (a.k.a. piles)

Answer 22

Varicose Veins
a.k.a. Varicosity

Question 23

Hypersensitivity to normally harmless environmental substances with formation of an antigen that can lead to an inflammatory response

Answer 23

Allergy

Question 24

Presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid in the interstitial tissue spaces

Answer 24

Edema

Question 25

Inflammation of the liver; Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to fibrosis or cirrhosis

Answer 25

Hepatitis

Question 26

Oncogenic & lymphotropic (see below in related topics); virus replicates in T-cells and macrophages

Answer 26

HIV/AIDS

Question 27

Uncontrolled production of abnormal WBCs; these cells accumulate in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, & liver to that these organs do not function properly

Answer 27

Leukemia

Question 28

Indentations that remain for a time after pressure is released

Answer 28

Pitting Edema

Question 29

no oxygen

Answer 29

Anoxia

Question 30

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Answer 30

Cardiovascular Disease

Question 31

vomiting blood

Answer 31

Hematemesis

Question 32

blood in urine

Answer 32

Hematuria

Question 33

passage of blood outside cardiovascular system

Answer 33

Hemorrhage

Question 34

oxygen deficiency

Answer 34

Hypoxia

Question 35

temporary lack of blood flow

Answer 35

Ischemia

Question 36

high WBC count (>10,000 per cubic millimeter); certain illness will cause this (ex. appendicitis & bacterial infections)

Answer 36

Leukocytosis

Question 37

low WBC count (<5,000 per cubic millimeter); certain viruses will cause this (ex. Influenza, measles, & mumps)

Answer 37

Leukopenia

Question 38

having an affinity for lymphocytes

Answer 38

Lymphotropic

Question 39

tissue death

Answer 39

Necrosis

Question 40

blocking or closing of a blood vessel or hollow organ

Answer 40

Occlusion

Question 41

causes transient chest & arm pain of angina pectoris

Answer 41

Partial occlusion

Question 42

crushing or squeezing pain of myocardial infarction & tissue death

Answer 42

Total occlusion

Question 43

a gene that causes a host cell to become cancerous

Answer 43

Oncogenic

Question 44

a disorder in which an excessive number of RBCs makes the blood so thick that it is unable to flow properly & there is an increased risk of clot formation

Answer 44

Polycythemia

Question 45

decrease in platelets

Answer 45

Thrombocytopenia

Question 46

narrowing

Answer 46

Stenosis

Question 47

thickness

Answer 47

Viscosity

Question 48

inflammation of endocardium, heart valves, or both

Answer 48

Endocarditis

Question 49

inflammation of the heart muscle

Answer 49

Myocarditis

Question 50

inflammation of the pericardium

Answer 50

Pericarditis

Question 51

inflammation of a vein

Answer 51

Phlebitis

Question 52

blood clot in a vein with inflammation

Answer 52

Thrombophlebitis

Question 53

slow heartbeat

Answer 53

Bradycardia

Question 54

fast heartbeat

Answer 54

Tachycardia

Question 55

upper blood pressure number

Answer 55

Systolic/ Systole

Question 56

lower blood pressure number

Answer 56

Diastolic/ Diastole

Question 57

increases urine output

Answer 57

Diuretic

Question 58

induces vomiting

Answer 58

Emetic