Common Drugs Flashcards
Important need-to-know drugs (133 cards)
1
Q
ACE Inhibitor impact the..
A
Cardiovascular system
2
Q
ACE Inhibitors generic names
A
“pril”: captopril; enalapril; lisinopril
3
Q
ACE Inhibitors brand names
A
Capoten; Vasotec; Prinivil
4
Q
ACE Inhibitors side effects
A
*cough; hypotension
5
Q
ACE Inhibitors severe effects
A
Angioedema; Agranulocytosis
6
Q
ACE Inhibitors–Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments
A
*Obtain BP before administering–hold typically if SBP <90; Change position slowly–especially with elderly to prevent orthostatic hypotension; monitor for decreased WBC count, hyperkalemia as well as liver function, and GFR, creatinine (metabolized by liver–excreted by kidneys)
7
Q
Beta Blockers impact the…
A
Cardiovascular system
8
Q
Beta Blockers generic names
A
“olol”: atenolol; metoprolol; propranolol
9
Q
Beta Blockers brand names
A
Tenormin; Lopressor; Inderal
10
Q
Beta Blockers side effects
A
fatigue, weakness
11
Q
Beta Blockers severe effects
A
bradycardia; CHF; pulmonary edema
12
Q
Beta Blockers–Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments
A
Obtain BP and HR before administering–hold typically is SBP <90 and HR <60; change position slowly–especially with elderly to prevent orthostatic hypotension; contraindicated in worsening CHF, bradycardia of heart block…use with caution in diabetes, liver disease
13
Q
Calcium Channel Blockers impact the…
A
cardiovascular system
14
Q
Calcium Channel Blockers generic name
A
Amlodipine; diltiazem; nifedipine; verapamil
15
Q
Calcium Channel Blockers brand names
A
Norvasc; Cardizem; Procardia; Calan
16
Q
Calcium Channel Blockers side effects
A
peripheral edema
17
Q
Calcium Chanel Blockers severe effects
A
cardiac arrhythmias; CHF
18
Q
Calcium Channel Blockers–Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments
A
Change position slowly–especially with elderly to prevent orthostatic hypotension; measure I&O closely and fluid status due to potential for edema; monitor liver and kidney function (metabolized in liver–excreted in kidneys); Obtain BP and HR before administering–hold typically if SBP <90 and HR <60
19
Q
Vasodilators impact the…
A
Cardiovascular system
20
Q
Vasodilators generic names
A
hydralazine; isosorbide; nitroglycerine
21
Q
Vasodilators brand names
A
Apresoline; Isordil; Tridil
22
Q
Vasodilators side effects
A
dizziness; headache; hypotension; tachycardia
23
Q
Vasodilators–Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments
A
- Tolerance common and serious problem with long acting nitrates. Nitrates lose their effectiveness if transdermal patches remain on continually. Patches must be taken off at night and then reapplied in the morning.
- Contraindicated if client taking any erectile dysfunction meds as these are a similar nitrate that improves blood circulation to the penis–synergistic effect can cause dramatic hypotension
24
Q
Blood Pressure Agents
A
Vasodilators; Calcium Channel Blockers; Ace Inhibitors; Beta Blockers
25
Cholesterol Binding Agents
Statins
26
Statins impact the
cardiovascular system
27
Statins generic names
lovastatin; rosuvastatin; simvastatin; atorvastatin
28
Statins brand names
Mevacor; crestor; zocor; lipitor
29
Statins side effects
abdominal cramps; constipation; diarrhea; heartburn; rashes
30
Statins severe effect
rhabdomyolosis
31
Statins--Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments
Give with or without food; Can cause liver injury/damage--watch AST-alk phos, bili levels closely; can cause muscle injury/damage. If CPK elevated DC use
32
Heart Rhythm Stabilizers
Class III antiarrythmics; digitalis
33
Class III Arrhythmic meds impact the
cardiovascular system
34
Class III Arrhythmic generic name
amiodarone
35
Class III Arrhythmic brand name
Cordorone
36
Class III Arrhythmic side effects
dizziness; fatigue; malaise; ataxia; bradycardia
37
Class III Arrhythmic severe effect
pulmonary fibrosis
38
Class III Arrhythmic meds--Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments
*Watch for QT prolongation--can lead to VT/VF with IV; assess HR before giving--hold if <60 with IV; Can cause pulmonary toxicity with chronic use--assess for crackles, diminished breath sounds, fatigue, pleuritic chest pain; Assess for neurotoxicity (ataxia, muscle weakness, tingling in fingers/toes, tremors); Assess for signs of thyroid dysfunction (lethargy, weight gain, edema...HYPOTHYROIDISM or tachycardia, weight loss, nervousness--HYPERTHYROIDISM); Monitor liver labs (AST-ALT-bili) and thyroid labs (T3/T4)
39
Digitalis impacts the
cardiovascular system
40
Digitalis generic name
digoxin
41
Digitalis brand name
Lanoxin
42
Digitalis side effects
fatigue; bradycardia; anorexia; N/V
43
Digitalis sever effect
arrythmias
44
Digitalis--Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments
Apical pulse for 1 minute before giving--hold if <60; increase fall risk for elderly--assess closely; Monitor K+, Mg+, Ca+ levels closely--if these are low more likely to become a digoxin toxic. Elderly more likely; Assess serum levels of digoxin (norm 0.5-2.0); Assess for TOXICITY--abdominal pain, anorexia, N/V, bradycardia, visual changes)
45
Diuretics
Loop; K+ Sparring; Thiazides
46
Loop diuretics impact the
cardiovascular system
47
Loop diuretics generic name
furosemide
48
Loop diuretics brand name
Lasix
49
Loop diuretics side effects
dehydration; hypovolemia; hypokalemia; hyponatremia; hypomagnesemia
50
Loop diuretics--Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments
Change position slowly--especially with elderly to prevent orthostatic hypotension; Obtain BP before administering--hold typically if SBP <90; Monitor sodium and K+ levels closely as well as GFR and creatinine; Assess for signs of hypokalemia (weakness-fatigue-increased PVC's on cardiac monitor)
51
Potassium Sparring Diuretics generic name
spironlactone
52
Potassium Sparring Diuretics brand name
Aldactone
53
Potassium Sparring Diuretics side effect
hyperkalemia
54
Potassium Sparring Diuretics-Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments
Aldactone and ACE Inhibitors can cause resultant hyperkalemia; If on Aldactone--make sure does not use potassium base salt substitutes or foods rich in K+
55
Thiazides generic name
hydrochlorothiazide
56
Thiazides brand name
HCTZ
57
Thiazides side effect
hypokalemia
58
Thiazides--Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments
Monitor BP, I&O, daily weight and for presence of edema; If on DIGOXIN, assess closely for signs of digoxin toxicity since they are at higher risk of developing because of the K+ depleting effects of the diuretic; Monitor K+, Na+, Mg+ and creatinine levels closely
59
Anticoagulants impact the
blood
60
Anticoagulants generic names
warfarin; heparin (IV/SQ); Lovenox (SQ)
61
Anticoagulants brand names
Coumadin (warfarin); Heparin; Lovenox
62
Warfarin severe side effect
GI bleeding most common
63
Warfarin--Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments
Assess for bleeding: tarry black, or maroon stools, nosebleeds, bruising, hematuria; Monitor Hbg, INT (therapeutic range 2-3 for anticoagulation); Excreted by liver--assess AST/ALT
64
Heparin/Lovenox side effects
anemia; thrombocytopenia
65
Heparin/Lovenox severe effect
bleeding
66
Heparin/Lovenox--Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments
Assess for bleeding: tarry black, or maroon stools, nosebleeds, bruising, hematuria; Administer SQ in abd, NOT proximal to umbilicus; Assess for decreased platelets(heparin induced)
67
Analgesic classes
narcotics; combo; non-narcotic; NSAIDS
68
Narcotics impact the
CNS
69
Narcotics generic names
hydromorphone; morphine; oxycodone; codeine
70
Narcotics brand name
Dilaudid; MS Contin; Oxycontin; Codeine
71
Narcotics side effects
confusion; sedation; hypotension; constipation
72
Narcotics severe effect
respiratory depression
73
Narcotics--Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments
Assess BP-HR-R and LOC closely after giving--especially when during its peak; Elderly more senstivie to effects of opioid analgesics and develop SE and respiratory complications more frequently; Assess bowel function closely due to risk of constipation; Tolerance develops with long-term use--will need higher doses to achieve adequate pain relief
74
Combo pain meds impact
CNS
75
Combo generic names
oxycodone-acetaminophen; hydrocodone-acetaminophen; codeine-acetaminophen
76
Combo brand names
Percocet (O/A); Vicodin (H/A); Tylenol #3 (C/A)
77
Combo pain meds side effects
confusion; sedation; hypotension; constipation
78
Combo pain meds severe effect
respiratory depression
79
Combo Pain Meds--Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments
Assess pain relief to med 1 hour (PEAK) after giving PO; Assess BP-HR-R and LOC closely after giving--especially when drug is peaking; Elderly more sensitive to effects of opioid analgesics and develop SE and respiratory complications more frequently; Assess bowel function closely due to risk of constipation; tolerance develops with long term use--will need higher doses to achieve adequate pain relief.
80
Non-Narcotic meds impact
CNS
81
Non-Narcotic generic name
acetaminophen; Aspirin
82
Non-Narcotic brand names
Tylenol; ASA
83
Non-Narcotic severe effects
liver failure, toxicity w/ OD or high doses
84
Non-Narcotic meds--Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments
Max daily dose is 4000mg; Liver damage can result if reaches this level or is malnourished or abuse ETOH more likely to be toxic; Monitor liver labs (AST-ALT-bili-PT/INR) with Tylenol and Aspirin; Give Aspirin w/ food to minimize risk of ulcer/GI bleed
85
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory (NSAIDS) impact
CNS
86
NSAIDS generic name
ibuprofen; indomethacin; naproxsyn; ketorlac
87
NSAIDS brand name
Motrin/Advil; Indocin; Aleve; Toradol
88
NSAIDS side effects
headache; constipation; N/V
89
NSAIDS severe effect
GI bleeding; hepatitis
90
NSAIDS--Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments
Give w/ food to minimize risk of ulcer/Gi Bleeding; Assess for GI bleeding: tarry black, or maroon stools, lightheaded, tachycardia; Elderly are at higher risk to develop GI bleeding; Monitor liver labs (AST-ALT-bili-PT/INR); Assess response to pain med 1-2 hours after giving; Increases bleeding times, be sure to discontinue before surgery. Effects last 24 hours after LAST dose
91
Anti-anxiety meds impact the
CNS
92
Anti-anxiety meds generic names
alprazolam; diazepam; lorazepam
93
Anti-anxiety meds brand name
Xanax; Valium; Ativan
94
Anti-anxiety meds side effects
dizziness; drowsiness; lethargy
95
Anti-anxiety meds-Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments
Assess closely for dizziness, drowsiness with first doses; CNS side effects increase with elderly
96
Anti-convulsant meds impact the
CNS
97
Anti-convulsant meds generic names
carbamazepine; gabapentin; levetiracetam; phenytoin
98
Anti-convulsant meds brand names
Tegretol; Neurontin; Keppra; Dilantin
99
Anti-convulsant meds side effects
Drowsiness; ataxia; weakness
100
Anti-convulsant meds--Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments
Neurontin commonly used for neuropathic pain or chronic pain syndromes
101
Anti-Depressant meds impact the
CNS
102
Anti-Depressant meds are also known as
SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)
103
Anti-Depressant meds generic names
citalopram; fluoxetine; paroxetine
104
Anti-Depressant meds brand names
Celexa; Prozac; Paxil
105
Anti-Depressant meds side effects
drowsiness; headache; insomnia; nervousness; tremors
106
Anti-Depressant meds--Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments
Require 2 weeks to have physiologic effects with new medications; Assess for increased suicidal tendencies with new therapy
107
Anti-Parkinson meds impact the
CNS
108
Anti-Parkinson meds generic name
carbidopa-levodopa
109
Anti-Parkinson meds brand name
Sinemet
110
Anti-Parkinson meds side effects
N/V; involuntary movements
111
Anti-Parkinson meds--Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments
OK to give with food to minimize GI discomfort; Assess for Parkinson's effects improving: rigidity, tremors, shuffling gait, drooling
112
Anti-Psychotic meds impact the
CNS
113
Anti-Psychotic meds generic names
quetiapine; haloperidol
114
Anti-Psychotic meds brand names
Seroquel; Haldol
115
Anti-Psychotic meds side effects
constipation; dry mouth; blurred vision; extra-pyramidal reactions (EPSE)
116
Anti-Psychotic meds--Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments
OK to give with food to minimize GI irritation; Assess mental status (mood-orientation-behavior) before and after giving; Monitor for increased restlessness/agitation after first dose--this is a side effect; Monitor for EPSE--there are Parkinson like: difficulty/speaking or swallowing, loss of balance, pill rolling, rigidity, shuffling gait and tremors; Monitor for dystonic reaction: muscle spasms, especially in neck causing head to stay fixed on affected side, weakness of extremities
117
Gastric Acid Reducers are
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI) and Histamine Blockers (H2)
118
PPI impact the
GI
119
PPI generic names
pantoprazole; omeprazole
120
PPI brand names
Protonix; Prilosec
121
PPI side effect
abdominal pain
122
PPI--Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments
May give with or without regards to food; Assess frequently for epigastric/abdominal pain and blood in stool, emesis
123
H2 impacts the
GI
124
H2 generic names
cimetadine; famotidine; ranitidine
125
H2 brand names
Tagamet; Pepcid; Zantec
126
H2 side effect
confusion
127
H2 severe effect
Arrythmias
128
H2--Nursing Considerations/ Vital Assessments
Give with food to prolong effects; Assess frequently for epigastric/abdominal pain and blood in stool, emesis
129
Anti-Nausea meds impact the
GI
130
Anti-Nausea meds generic names
ondansetron; prochlorperazine; promethazine
131
Anti-Nausea meds brand names
Zofran; Compazine; Phenergan
132
Anti-Nausea meds side effects
headache; constipation; diarrhea; extrapyramidal reactions (compazine)
133
Anti-Nausea meds--Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments
May develop
