Common drugs for cardio

Question 1

Statin side effects

Answer 1

myosits (muscle weakness) and rhabdomyolysis (if combined with Fibrates)

Question 2

Benefits of statin

Answer 2

decreases inflammation, thrombosis, reversal of endothelial dysfunction, stabilisation of atherosclerosis plaque

Question 3

Statins when consumed:

Answer 3

administered orally ta night –> cholesterol is mainly produced when at rest.

Question 4

Fibrates side effects

Answer 4

avoid alcohol - risk of hypertriglycerides + also rhabdomyolosis. GI symptoms, pruritus + rashes

Question 5

Loop diuretics side effects e.g. Strong e.g. Furosemide:

Answer 5

increases uric acid (gout), hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, dehydration, syncope.

Question 6

Thiazide diuretics e.g. mild e.g. Bendrofluazide, metholazone:

Answer 6

dizziness and lightheadedness,
blurred vision,
loss of appetite,
itching,
stomach upset,
headache, and.
weakness.

Question 7

Fibrates used instead of what

Answer 7

Statins.

Question 8

PCSK9 I side effects:

Answer 8

‘flu’ like symptoms, nausea, back + joint pain.

Question 9

Ezetimibe

Answer 9

combined with Statins to reduce level of cholesterol in the blood.

Question 10

Ezetimibe mechanism of action:

Answer 10

inhibits the absorption of cholesterol from the small intestine and decreases the amount of cholesterol normally available to liver cells

Question 11

Beta-blocker side effects:

Answer 11

Not given to patient asthmatic, tiredness, heart failure, cold peripheries (B-blockers can worsen heart failure in short term a cariogenic shocks (severe heart attacks).

Question 12

Ca2+ antagonists

Answer 12

• ankle odema

- avoid using it with Beta-blockers

Question 13

Alpha blocker side effects:

Answer 13

postural hypotension, headaches, dizziness.

Question 14

ACE I side effects:

Answer 14

dry coughing (should be stopped and start on ARBs), renal dysfunction + angioneurotic oedema.

SHOULD NEVER BE USED FOR PREGNANT PATIENTS (alternative is Beta-blockers)

Question 15

ARB side effects:

Answer 15

renal dysfunction + no cough

NEVER USE IN PREGNANT PATIENTS

Question 16

Mineralocorticorid antagonist side effects:

Answer 16

Gynaecomastia, hyperkalaemia, renal impairment

Question 17

Nitrates side effects:

Answer 17

headaches, hypotension / collapse

Tolerance level: leave 8 hrs / a day nitrate free

Question 18

Nicorandil side effect:

Answer 18

Headache, mouth / GI ulcers = SERIOUS DAMAGE

Cannot be given with steroids (non-steroids anti-inflammatory drugs).

Question 19

Ivabradine side effects:

Answer 19

works only in sinus rhythm

alters visual disturbance.

Question 20

Anti-platelet drugs e.g. aspirin, NSAID

Answer 20

haemorrhage any part of the body, peptic ulcer (haemorrhage), aspirin sensitivity
a Asthma.

Question 21

anti-coagulated drugs e.g. heparin, warfarin side effects:

Answer 21

Hemorrhage anywhere

Question 22

Fibronlytic side effects (thrombolysis):

e.g. streptokinase, Urokinase

Answer 22

haemorrhages series risk.

AVOID IN: Recent haemorrhage (some CVAs), trauma, bleeding, severe diabetic retinopathy + peptic ulcers

Question 23

Digoxin -> Good for AF

Answer 23

• increases toxicity
• narrow therapeutic drug

nausea, vomiting, yellow vision, bradycardia, heart block + ventricular arrhythmias, confusion

Question 24

Neprilysin inhibitors

Answer 24

hypotension, renal impairment, hyperkalaemia, angioneurotic oedema.

Question 25

Amiodarone Side effects:

Answer 25

``` Bradycardia Interstitial lung disease Thyroid (hypo/hyper) Corneal Hypotension ```