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TOSCE > Common Foot Disorders > Flashcards

Common Foot Disorders Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

factors contributing to corns and calluses

A 
friction from loose or tight fitting shoes 
not wearing socks with shoes 
ill fitting socks 
walking bare foot 
weight gain
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2
Q

what does a corn look like

A

small raised and well defined lesion

has a central core that is triangular shaped and points inward (hole in middle)

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3
Q

signs and symptoms of a hard corn

A

well defined
yellowish grey
mm-cm diameter
shiny, dry, and polished with loss of natural skin pattern
central core visible
pain
occurs on skin directly overlying bony prominence or on soles of feet
usually surface of the fourth or fifth toes

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4
Q

signs and symptoms of soft corns

A

whitish thickenign of skin
soft appearance
WEBS between 4th and 5th toes
may be painful

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5
Q

what is a plantar corn

A

corn on the underside of the foot that causes pain when walking

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6
Q

signs and symptoms of a callus

A

yellowish white
normal skin pattern with no central core
borders not well defined
few mm -cm diameter
slightly elevated
where upper layers of skin are naturally thick

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7
Q

what are plantar warts

A

benign tumors caused by HPV viral infection

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8
Q

why is it important to treat plantar warts when they are benign and will spontaneously clear

A

can spread
unsightly
can be painful and restrict activities
may transform into malignant lesions

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9
Q

where can plantar warts occur that is not a referral

A

sole of foot or heel
great toe
head of metatarsal bone

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10
Q

what are signs and symptoms of plantar warts

A 
circular lesion with wart in the center 
.5-3 cm diameter
surfacr rough and grayish brown, easily crumbles 
surrounded by skin that is thick and heaped
normal pattern of skin is interupted 
black dots in center of lesion 
single or in clusters 
painless unless direct pressure applied
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11
Q

difference between athletes foot and soft corn?

A

athletes foot is itchy not painful and may have an odor

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12
Q

goals of therapy for corns and calluses

A

remove corn and calluses
prevent/minimize complications
prevent recurrence

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13
Q

what is the first line treatment of corn and calluses

A

salicylic acid

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14
Q

advantages of sa collodion

A

forms film to prevent moisture loss

less likely to run onto other areas of skin

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15
Q

disadvantages of sa collodion

A

takes longer to resolve
occlusive nature allows systemic absorption
more irritating

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16
Q

advantages of plasters/disk/pads

A

direct and prolonged contact with skin
plasters may be cut to fit size of lesion
disk/pads convenient

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17
Q

disadvantages of plasters/disks/pads

A

patient may be sensitive to adhesive

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18
Q

what should collodions be used for and for how long

A

soft corns

3-6 days

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19
Q

what should the adhesives be used for and how long

A

hard corns and calluses
5 treatments over 2 week period max (1treatment = 48hrs)
until condition resolved

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20
Q

directions for use of collodion

Study These Flashcards
A

soak foot for 5 min and dry
apply 1 drop at a time until area i well convered
allow drops to dry and harden
do not let adjacent areas of skin come in contact with drug (put vaseline on skin around)
once or twice daily

21
Q

directions for use for plasters

Study These Flashcards
A

soak foot for 5 minutes and DRY
trim to follow contours of lesion
apply and cover with adhesive tape
remove within 48 hours

22
Q

directions for use for disks and pads

Study These Flashcards
A

soak foot for 5 minutes and DRY
apply appropriately sizzed on area and cover
remove within 48hours

23
Q

what should you do along with all of the treatments

Study These Flashcards
A

soak in warm water and remove dead tissue with a pummice stone or callus file

24
Q

non pharms for corns and calluses

Study These Flashcards
A 
eliminate cause of condition 
foam or cushion pad with opening to relieve pressure- change everyday 
custom pads from moleskin or lambs wool 
orthotic devices 
keep feet clean and dry 
avoid moisturizers between toes 
select properly fitted footwear
25
monitoring for corns and calluses
visible improvement in a few days resolution for hard corn/callus in 14 days, 3-6 days for soft corn refer to doctor if allergic reaction develops, skin irritation, skin ulcers, stinging that is bothersone, infection develops (red, warm, discharge)
26
goals of therapy for plantar warts
alleviate or prevent pain due to wart eradicate lesions adn prevent their proliferation prevent recurrence prevent transmission
27
what is the first line treatment for plantar warts
salicylic acid
28
how does sa work
keratolytic | removes skin cells infected with HPV and causes inflammation which induces an immune response
29
how does lactic acid work
corrosive properties | enhances sa
30
how does formalin work
antiviral and anhydrotic
31
how does cantharidin work
vesicant which causes blister to form and cells die
32
how does DME and propane work
freezes wart and causes a blister to form under it, wart falls off 10-14 days after treatment
33
SA treatment options for plantar warts
sa collodion- OD--BUD max 12 weeks sa plaster/disk- wvery 48 hours for max 12 weeks sa in karaya gum- apply at night for 8 hours for max 12 weeks
34
other product for plantar warts
wartner and freezeaway- apply to wart for 10-40 seconds may repeat in 14 days up to max of 3-4 times
35
non pharms for plantar warts
advice they are contagious avoid walking barefoot change shoes and socks daily keep feet clean and dry dont share or touch possible infected objects or peopls wash hands before and after cleaning feet and caring for wart do not bite, scratch, poke, or cut wart tissue dont use sharp knives or razors use good foot hygiene
36
how can duct tape be used for plantar warts
cause irritation apply to wart for 6 days then remove and soak foot soak throughout treatment for 5-10 min in warm water and gently remove dead tissue can take up to 2 months not the best option
37
monitoring for plantar warts
improvement should be seen in 1-2 weeks wart removal may take 4-12 weeks warts may reappear months after initial treatment refer to doctor if develop an allergic reaction, skin becomes damage painful inflamed or infected, if any wart persists after 12 weeks of treatment
38
side effects of SA
redness burning or irritation
39
when should you not use SA
``` irritated, infected skin face, mouth, nose, anus, genitals, lips patient takes salicylates, anticoagulants, LMW heparin pregnancy and breastfeeding?? under 3 or over 65 ```
40
precautions of SA
apply petroleum jelly to surrounding skin highly flammable poisonous if swallowed or inhaled
41
side effects of DME/propane products
aching, itching, burning,stinging, dont use on thin skin can cause scars
42
precautiosn of DME/propane products
unknown in pregnany and lactation not in under 4 not in hard to reach location flammable only one wart at a time on toe
43
what is a bunion
deformed big toe joint joint angled out and big toe angles inward toward other toes can also be on 5th toe
44
factors contributing to bunion
``` inherited women constatn abnormal joint motion improper fitting shoes or high heels occupation that puts stress on feet vigorous exercise foot injurues rheumatoid arthritis ```
45
signs and symptoms of bunions
``` usually bilateral bump on outside edge of big toe thickening of skin at base of big toe asymptomatic but can become red, painful, swollen, tender restricted movement of big toe ```
46
bunions are a referral what can you do in the meantime
remove source of irritation select properly fitting footwear modify activity moleskin, foam, cushioned pads bunion guard- soft polymer gel with no adhesive ice packs and OTC pain relievers to decrease pain and swelling
47
red flags for warts
extensive at one site on mucous membranes, face, anus, genitalia, under nails extremely painful and debilitating unusual appearance
48
red flags for corns or calluses
indicate an anatomic defect or fault in body distribution lesion oozing purulent material or is bleeding extensive, painful, or debilitating
49
red flags for all foot conditions
``` diabetes, peripheral circulatory disease malnourishment immunocomprimised rheumatoid arthritis physical/mental impairments making following instructions difficult allergic to treatment options - ASA, adehsive proper self medication has been unsucessful under 3 or over 65 pregnan infected, red, swollen, inflammed looks like mole or birthmark hair growing from lesion ```

TOSCE (4 decks)

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